Civil Engineering - Annex 5 - Ageing Management And .
ONR GUIDECIVIL ENGINEERING – AGEING MANAGEMENT AND DAMAGED STRUCTURESDocument Type:Nuclear Safety Technical Assessment Guide AnnexUnique Document ID andRevision No:NS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0Date Issued:November 2020Review Date:Approved by:A GilmourProfessional Lead Civil Engineering andExternal HazardsRecord Reference:CM9 Folder 1.18.1649 (2019/364940)Revision commentary:Full reviewNS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940November 2025Page 1 of 43
Office for Nuclear RegulationTABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . 3GLOSSARY . 41INTRODUCTION . 61.11.21.32AGEING EFFECTS . 82.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.83Causes of Damage . 23Steps following damage identification . 24RELEVANT STANDARDS AND GOOD PRACTICE . 305.15.26Prevention of ageing and defects . 16Ownership of safety. 17Ageing Management Plans . 17Identification of ageing effects . 19Evidence of ageing effects . 20Data Sources . 20Inaccessible areas . 21Nuclear-specific ageing . 21Identification of remedial action required . 21Timely management of defects . 22Record Keeping . 23DAMAGED STRUCTURES . 234.14.25Timing of ageing. 8Examination, Inspection, Maintenance and Testing (EIMT) . 10Hazards arising from ageing effects . 10Revealed and unrevealed ageing mechanisms . 11Common failure modes . 11Corrosion of embedded reinforcement due to chlorides in concrete . 13Damage to weatherproof envelope (multiple potential ageing effects) . 13Through thickness cracking to concrete water retaining/excluding structures . 14MITIGATION ACTIONS . 153.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.103.114Structure of this annex . 6Applicable SAPs to this annex . 6Exclusions . 7AGEING MECHANISMS . 31DAMAGED STRUCTURES . 34REFERENCES . 38NS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940Page 2 of 43
Office for Nuclear RegulationLIST OF ABBREVIATIONSACIAmerican Concrete InstituteAGRAdvanced Graphite (moderated) ReactorBREBuilding Research EstablishmentBSBritish StandardsCDMConstruction (Design and Management) RegulationsDTADamage Tolerance AssessmentEIMTExamination, Inspection, Maintenance and TestingENSREG European Nuclear Safety Regulators GroupFEMAFederal Emergency Management AgencyHSEHealth & Safety ExecutiveIAEAInternational Atomic Energy AgencyIGALLInternational Generic Ageing Lessons LearnedISOInternational Standards OrganisationJRCJoint Research CentreLCLicence ConditionNDTNon-destructive testingONROffice for Nuclear RegulationPASPublicly Accessible StandardPSRPeriodic Safety ReviewRGPRelevant Good PracticeSAPSafety Assessment Principle(s)SHMStructural Health MonitoringSQEPSuitably qualified and experienced personSSCStructure, System and ComponentTAGTechnical Assessment Guide(s) (ONR)TIGTechnical Inspection Guide(s) (ONR)TLAATime Limited Ageing AnalysisWENRAWestern European Nuclear Regulators’ AssociationNS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940Page 3 of 43
Office for Nuclear RegulationGLOSSARYTermDescriptionSourceIAEA SafetyGlossaryAgeing degradationAgeing effects that could impair the ability of a structure, system orcomponent to function within its acceptance criteria. Examples include reduction in diameter due to wear of a rotatingshaft, loss in material toughness due to radiation embrittlement orthermal ageing, and cracking of a material due to fatigue or stresscorrosion cracking.Ageing managementIAEA SafetyEngineering, operations and maintenance actions to control withinGlossaryacceptable limits the ageing degradation of structures, systems andcomponents. Examples of engineering actions include design, qualification andfailure analysis. Examples of operations actions include surveillance,carrying out operating procedures within specified limits andperforming environmental measurements.Catastrophic failureA failure with major consequences from which recovery is impossible.‘Civil works andstructures’See Appendix A of TAG 17 head documentConstructionderivedderived“construction work” means the carrying out of any building, civilCDM2015engineering or engineering construction work and includes—(a) the construction, alteration, conversion, fitting out, commissioning,renovation, repair, upkeep, redecoration or other maintenance (includingcleaning which involves the use of water or an abrasive at high pressure,or the use of corrosive or toxic substances), de-commissioning,demolition or dismantling of a structure;(b) the preparation for an intended structure, including site clearance,exploration, investigation (but not site survey) and excavation (but notpre-construction archaeological investigations), and the clearance orpreparation of the site or structure for use or occupation at its conclusion;(c) the assembly on site of prefabricated elements to form a structure orthe disassembly on site of the prefabricated elements which, immediatelybefore such disassembly, formed a structure;(d) the removal of a structure, or of any product or waste resulting fromdemolition or dismantling of a structure, or from disassembly ofprefabricated elements which immediately before such disassemblyformed such a structure;(e) the installation, commissioning, maintenance, repair or removal ofmechanical, electrical, gas, compressed air, hydraulic,telecommunications, computer or similar services which are normallyfixed within or to a structure, but does not include the exploration for, orextraction of, mineral resources, or preparatory activities carried out at aplace where such exploration or extraction is carried outThe activities related to installation or building, modifying, testing,remediating, repairing, renovating, repurposing, alteration, refurbishment,replacement, maintaining, decommissioning, decontamination,dismantling or demolishing a civil engineering structure, system orcomponent.‘Construction’ can happen at any stage in the lifecycle of the site,including earthworks, site preparation, enabling works, groundinvestigations, geotechnical or ground engineering, foundations andsuperstructure construction works, mock-ups and trials, and temporaryworks to support the same.Construction may also include civil engineering works associated withexamination, inspection, testing and maintenance.For thepurposes ofthis TAG andtheassociatedannexesDamageAn unfavourable change in the condition of a structure that can adversely Reference [6]affect current or future structural performanceDesignThe definition of design for this civil engineering annex applies equallyacross all stages of a nuclear facility’s lifecycle, including generic and/orconcept design, licensing, site identification, site specific design,NS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940For thepurposes ofthis documentPage 4 of 43
Office for Nuclear Regulationconstruction and installation, operation, modifications, post-operation,decommissioning and demolition, ‘care and maintenance’ phase etc.‘Design’ can also include, the safety case documentation, supportingreferences, justification and substantiation of claims, modelling or otheranalysis tools, the process(es) and records of design decision making,and independent reviews of the above.It should be recognised, within the life cycle of ‘civil engineering works’,that the assumptions made by the designer and incorporated within thejustification of the design within a safety case, must be properly carriedthrough the construction stage and through to modifications, demolitionand site clearance. All associated construction activities throughout thelife cycle are much a part of the safety case as the design.“design” includes drawings, design details, specifications and bills ofquantities (including specification of articles or substances) relating to astructure, and calculations prepared for the purpose of a design;CDM2015Design LifeThe period of time during which a facility or component is expected toperform according to the technical specifications to which it wasproduced.IAEA SafetyGlossaryDutyholderFor the purpose of this annex, the dutyholder is any organisation orperson that holds duties under legislation that ONR regulates.‘Dutyholder’ includes Licensees, Requesting Parties, Potential FutureLicensees, Operational Licence Dutyholders, Decommissioning SiteLicensees, New Build Site Licensees, budget holders, vendors andsupply chain members.For thepurposes ofthis documentIAEA SafetyGlossaryLife managementThe integration of ageing management with economic planning: (1) tooptimize the operation, maintenance and service life of structures,systems and components; (2) to maintain an acceptable level of safetyand performance; and (3) to improve economic performance over theservice life of the facility.Localised failureA failure with minor or localised consequences which does not result infailure to adjacent or co-dependant SSC.derivedA single or group of related SSC fail to perform some of their non-safetyfunctions or fail to meet some of their specified parameters, but do notcollapse.derivedServiceability failureStructural robustnessRobustness is the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire,BS EN 1991explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, (e.g. design1-7 ‘Actionsbasis events) without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the on structures’original causeStructure“structure” means—(a) any building, timber, masonry, metal or reinforced concrete structure,railway line or siding, tramway line, dock, harbour, inland navigation,tunnel, shaft, bridge, viaduct, waterworks, reservoir, pipe or pipeline,cable, aqueduct, sewer, sewage works, gasholder, road, airfield, seadefence works, river works, drainage works, earthworks, lagoon, dam,wall, caisson, mast, tower, pylon, underground tank, earth retainingstructure or structure designed to preserve or alter any natural featureand fixed plant;(b) any structure similar to anything specified in paragraph (a);(c) any formwork, falsework, scaffold or other structure designed or usedto provide support or means of access during construction work,and any reference to a structure includes part of a structure;A general term encompassing all of the elements (items) of a facility orStructures Systems and activity which contribute to protection and safety, except human factors.Components (SSCs)- Structures are the passive elements: buildings, vessels, shielding, etc.- A system comprises several components, assembled in such a way asto perform a specific (active) function.- A component is a discrete element of a system.NS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940CDM2015WENRADSRLPage 5 of 43
Office for Nuclear Regulation1INTRODUCTION1.This annex to Technical Assessment Guide 17 (TAG 17) provides guidance on the mainaspects of ONR’s approach to the assessment of ageing management and structuraldamage. It includes general guidance and advice to ONR inspectors on aspects of postoperational management and related assurance. This TAG is not intended to providedetailed guidance on any ageing mechanisms or processes: its main purpose is tohighlight certain salient areas for inspectors to consider as part of their regulatoryassessment. It aims to highlight the application of the Safety Assessment Principles(SAPs) [1] to aid the assessment of civil engineering works and structures (seeAppendix 1 of TAG 17), for activities that can happen post civil engineering SSCconstruction.2.This annex focusses on nuclear safety functions provided by civil engineering structures,systems and components (SSCs), but the guidance herein is equally applicable to anysecurity, safeguarding or environmental protection functions provided by civilengineering SSCs.1.1Structure of this annex3.This annex identifies the ageing and damage effects and associated assessmentconsiderations: Section 2 of this annex describes the common ageing effects and associatedfailure modes,Section 3 of this annex provides guidance on the mitigation activities (repair) andongoing ageing management,Section 4 this annex provides guidance on the situation where damage to astructure cannot be readily or reasonably practicably repaired and the ongoingdemonstration of safety,Section 5 presents relevant civil engineering guidance and good practice,Section 6 presents the references made in this annex.1.2Applicable SAPs to this annex4.The assessment of civil engineering SSC operation and examination, inspection,maintenance and testing (EIMT) is informed by and meets the expectations of the SAPs.The following SAPs are particularly relevant for this annex: EAD.2, EMC.25, EMC.31, EMC.32, ECE.3, ECE.20 are related to lifetimemargins, periodic measurements, in-service repairs, detecting and monitoringleakage, stress analysis for design life and degradation, and defect management,SC.8 states the expectation that those who have direct responsibility for safetyown the safety case,EMC.11 establishes the expectations that failure models should be gradual andpredictable.ECS.3, ECS.4 and ECS.5 when applying codes and modern standards (or lackof them) to existing structure analysisEAD.3 and EAD.4 establishes the expectations for periodic measurement ofmaterial properties and parametersECE.2 ECE.3, ECE.4 ECE.8, ECE.16, ECE.17, ECE.18, ECE.19, ECE.25 andECE.26 apply at varying stages of a lifetime of a structure, but especially sowhen considering the impact ageing can have on lifetime safety functionalrequirementsSC.6 establishes the expectation that the Safety Case should identify areas ofmaintenance to ensure continued safe operation and how these will beimplementedSC.7 states the expectation that safety cases will be actively maintained andreviewed regularly.NS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940Page 6 of 43
Office for Nuclear Regulation EHA.12 refers to the prevention of flooding and an appropriate level of EIMT,EHA.15 establishes the expectation that design should prevent water fromadversely affecting SSCsEMT.2, EMT.6 and EMT.8 6 establishes the expectation that provision should bemade for EIMT throughout the life, including after events that may compromisethe structureERL.1 establishes the expectation that safety claims on reliability will besupported by case by case analysisEDR.1 establishes the expectation that SSCs will ‘fail safe’, identifying potentialfailure modes using a formal analysis where appropriate5.Inspectors should also be cognisant of the broad intent of the SAPs; namely that it is notthe level of conservatism assigned to one element of the civil engineering analysis andmaintenance process, but the (overall) level of conservatism, applied to thesubstantiation and justification process and the structure as a whole.1.3Exclusions6.The following are considered out of scope for this annex: 7.detailed review of damage mechanisms,detailed review of monitoring systems or repair methods,There is an expectation that during the design and construction of a facility, dueconsideration of potential ageing effects is undertaken. These aspects are not describedin detail in this annex. For guidance, see: TAG 17 Annex 1, ‘Civil Engineering - Design’,TAG 17 Annex 4, ‘Civil Engineering – Construction Assurance’.8.Whilst this annex refers to As Low as Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) principles,including the concept of ‘time at risk’, this annex does not elaborate on the backgroundof the principles. When assessing ‘time at risk’, the Inspector needs to have confidencein the way that the dutyholder has demonstrated holistically that the risks associated withthe civil engineering works have been assessed in line with the ALARP principles.1.For guidance on ALARP principles, see: 9.This annex includes limited information for considering adjacent operational structures torepair or other works, or for consideration of facilities that are beyond operation, butwhich still provide a safety function. For more guidance regarding activities that occuronce a civil engineering structure is no longer operational, see: 10.ONR-NS-TAST-GD-005 ‘Demonstration of ALARP (As Low as ReasonablyPracticable)’.TAG 17 Annex 6, ‘Civil Engineering - Post-Operations’.This annex includes limited information for considering the potential impact onoperational structures that are adjacent to works for repairs, or for repairs undertakenduring construction activities. For more guidance regarding repair work being undertakenon operational sites or during a construction phase, see: TAG 17 Annex 1, ‘Civil Engineering – Design’,TAG 17 Annex 4, ‘Civil Engineering - Construction Assurance’.NS-TAST-GD-017 Annex 5 Revision 0CM9 Ref : 2019/364940Page 7 of 43
Office for Nuclear Regulation2AGEING EFFECTS11.Whilst this annex applies to all phases of civil engineering (design and constructionthrough to delicencing), many of the considerations and principles in this annex are ofparticular applicability and consideration when assessing sites after cessation ofoperations. After operation, some safety functional requirements may still be required tobe met even though the site is no longer operational. In this case, the Inspector mayexpect ageing of civil engineering SSCs to be considered after operation has ceased.For SSCs that are no longer operational, the way the SSC responds to an event mayhave considerably less
Structural robustness Robustness is the ability of a structure to withstand events like fire, explosions, impact or the consequences of human error, (e.g. design basis events) without being damaged to an extent disproportionate to the original caus
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Annex 5: Response ECCO Annex 6: Response Gabor Annex 7: Response M&S Annex 8: Response PUMA Annex 9: Response Van Lier Annex 10: Response Primark Annex 11: Response MVO Nederland (CSR Netherlands) Annex 12: Response Leather Working Group . Child labour in the production of brand name leather shoes. in India." .
4 2018 Global Ageing Network Annual Report 2018 Highlights The past year has been filled with new activities and initiatives with our Global Ageing Network members. Below are some of the highlights! The Global Ageing Network at the United Nations The Global Ageing Network continues to support advocacy at the United
The Madrid . International Plan of Action on Ageing was adopted in 2002 at the Second World Assembly on Ageing and called for ‘changes in attitudes, policies and practices’ to fulfil ‘the enormous potential of ageing’. Statistics show that Asia has the most notable and rapid pace of population ageing,
The Madrid International Plan of Action on Ageing, 2002 Active Ageing: A Policy Framework, (WHO) 2002 World Report on Ageing and Health, (WHO) 2015 The Global strategy and Action Plan on Ageing and Health, (WHO) 2016 The Policy also responds to the recently endorsed Sustainable Development Goals, an integrated, indivisible set .
Institute for Ageing and the Institute of Health and Society, with Sally-Marie Bamford, Dr Brian Beach and Dean Hochlaf from the International Longevity Centre UK (ILC-UK). Centre for Ageing Better Level 3 Angel Building 407 St John Street London EC1V 4AD UK 44 (0)20 3829 0112 info@ageing-better.org.uk www.ageing-better.org.uk
global situation regarding the ageing population demographic. The world’s population is ageing rapidly and with profound results. The global share of older people (defined as aged 60 or over for the purpose of this report) increased from 9.2% in 1990 to 11.7% in 2013 1. 1 United Nations, World Population Ageing 2013, 2013
the United Nations to convene two World Assemblies in 1980 and 2002, respectively. The World Population Ageing Report (United Nations, 2002, p. xxviii) summarized that: 1. Population ageing is unprecedented, without parallel in the history of humanity; 2. Population ageing is pervasive, a global phenomenon affecting every man, woman and child; 3.
