A New English Translation Of The Septuagint
A NEW ENGLISHTRANSLATIONOF THE SEPTUAGINT
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A NEW ENGLISHTRANSLATIONOF THE SEPTUAGINTO THER G REEK T RANSLATIONST RADITIONALLY I NCLUDED UNDER T HAT T ITLEAND THEAlbert Pietersma and Benjamin G. WrightE D I TO R SOXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSNEW YORK OXFORD
Oxford University Press, Inc. publishes works that further Oxford University’sobjective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education.Oxford New YorkAuckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong KarachiKuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City NairobiNew Delhi Shanghai Taipei TorontoWith offices inArgentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France GreeceGuatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal SingaporeSouth Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine VietnamPublished by Oxford University Press, Inc.198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016www.oup.comOxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press.A New English Translation of the Septuagint, 2007 by the International Organization for Septuagint andCognate Studies, Inc. All rights reserved.All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.The text of A New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS) may be quoted in any form (written, visual, electronic, or audio) up to and inclusive of 250 verses without written permission from Oxford University Press, provided that the verses quoted do not account for more than 20% of the work in whichthey are quoted and provided that a complete book of NETS is not quoted. When NETS is quoted in thisway, one of the following credit lines must appear on the copyright page of the work:Quotations marked NETS are taken from A New English Translation of the Septuagint, 2007 by the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Inc. Used by permission of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.Quotations are taken from A New English Translation of the Septuagint, 2007 by the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Inc. Used by permission of Oxford University Press. Allrights reserved.Unless otherwise indicated, quotations are taken from A New English Translation of the Septuagint, 2007by the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Inc. Used by permission of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.A New English Translation of the Septuagint may be quoted in nonsalable media (such as church bulletins,orders of service, liturgies, newsletters, etc.) without inclusion of a complete copyright notice, but the abbreviation NETS must appear at the end of each quotation.All other uses of NETS (including but not limited to the following: quotation in excess of 250 verses or20% of the work, publication of any commentary or reference work that uses NETS) require written permission from Oxford University Press.The title A New English Translation of the Septuagint, the abbreviation NETS, and the NETS logo are trademarks of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies, Inc. and may not be usedwithout written permission from Oxford University Press.New Revised Standard Version Bible, 1989 by Division of Christian Education of the National Council ofthe Churches of Christ in the United States of America.Interior design and typesetting by Blue Heron Bookcraft, Battle Ground, WA.Printed in the United States1 3 5 7 9 8 6 4 2
CONTENTSTO THE READER OF NETS Albert Pietersma and Benjamin G. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiiThe Books of the SeptuagintLawsGenesis, translated by Robert J. V. Hiebert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Exodus, translated by Larry J. Perkins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Leuitikon, translated by Dirk L. Büchner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82Numbers, translated by Peter W. Flint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107Deuteronomion, translated by Melvin K. H. Peters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141HistoriesIesous, translated by Leonard J. Greenspoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174Judges, translated by Philip E. Satterthwaite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195Routh, translated by Frederick W. Knobloch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2391 Reigns, translated by Bernard A. Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2442 Reigns, translated by Bernard A. Taylor (OG) and Paul D. McLean (Kaige) . . . . . . . . . . 2713 Reigns, translated by Paul D. McLean (Kaige) and Bernard A. Taylor (OG) . . . . . . . . . . 2974 Reigns, translated by Paul D. McLean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3201 Supplements, translated by S. Peter Cowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3422 Supplements, translated by S. Peter Cowe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3681 Esdras, translated by R. Glenn Wooden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3922 Esdras, translated by R. Glenn Wooden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405Esther, translated by Karen H. Jobes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424Ioudith, translated by Cameron Boyd-Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441Tobit, translated by Alexander A. Di Lella . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4561 Makkabees, translated by George T. Zervos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4782 Makkabees, translated by Joachim Schaper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5033 Makkabees, translated by Cameron Boyd-Taylor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5214 Makkabees, translated by Stephen Westerholm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530Poetic BooksPsalms, translated by Albert Pietersma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 542Prayer of Manasses, translated by Albert Pietersma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 620Proverbs, translated by Johann Cook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 621Ecclesiast, translated by Peter J. Gentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648Song of Songs, translated by Jay C. Treat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 657Iob, translated by Claude E. Cox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 667Wisdom of Salomon, translated by Michael A. Knibb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697Wisdom of Iesous son of Sirach, translated by Benjamin G. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 715Psalms of Salomon, translated by Kenneth Atkinson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
contentsviPropheciesThe Twelve Prophets, translated by George E. Howard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777Hosee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782Amos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789Michaias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795Ioel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 800Abdias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 803Ionas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804Naoum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805Habbakoum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807Sophonias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810Haggaios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813Zacharias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814Malachias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820Esaias, translated by Moisés Silva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 823Ieremias, translated by Albert Pietersma and Marc Saunders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 876Barouch, translated by Tony S. L. Michael . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 925Lamentations, translated by Peter J. Gentry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 932Letter of Ieremias, translated by Benjamin G. Wright . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942Iezekiel, translated by J. Noel Hubler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 946Sousanna, translated by R. Timothy McLay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 986Daniel, translated by R. Timothy McLay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 991Bel and the Dragon, translated by R. Timothy McLay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1023
ABBREVIATIONSThe following abbreviations are used for the books of the New English Translation of the Septuagint(NETS):LAWSPOETIC BOOKSGenGenesisPsPsalmsExExodusPrManPrayer of esiastDeutDeuteronomionSongSong of SongsIobIobHISTORIESIesIesousWisSalWisdom of SalomonJudgJudgesSirWisdom of Iesous son of SirachRouthRouthPsSalPsalms of Salomon1 Rgns1 ReignsPROPHECIES2 Rgns2 ReignsHosHosee3 Rgns3 ReignsAmAmos4 Rgns4 ReignsMichMichaias1 Suppl1 SupplementsIoelIoel2 Suppl2 SupplementsAbdOf Abdias1 Esd1 EsdrasIonIonas2 Esd2 phoniasTobTobitHagHaggaios1 Makk1 MakkabeesZachZacharias2 Makk2 MakkabeesMalMalachias3 Makk3 MakkabessEsaEsaias4 Makk4 rLetter of IeremiasIezekIezekielSousSousannaDanDanielBelBel and the Dragon
abbreviationsviiiThe following abbreviations are used for the books of the New Revised Standard Version of the OldTestament (NRSV), shown in NETS arrangement:(LAWS)(POETIC BKS)GenGenesisPsPsalmsExExodusPr ManPrayer of esiastesDeutDeuteronomySongSong of gesSirSirach (Ecclesiasticus)RuthRuth[PsSal][Psalms of Salomon]1 Sam1 Samuel(PROPHECIES)2 Sam2 SamuelHos1 Kings1 KingsAmHoseaAmos2 Kings2 KingsMicMicah1 Chr1 ChroniclesJoelJoel2 Chr2 ChroniclesObObadiah1 Esd1 EsdrasJonJonahEzra & NehEzra & ZephaniahTobTobitHagHaggai1 Macc1 MaccabeesZechZechariah2 Macc2 MaccabeesMalMalachi3 Macc3 MaccabeesIsaIsaiah4 Macc4 MaccabeesJerJeremiahBarBaruchLamLamentationsLet JerLetter of JeremiahEzekEzekielSusSusannaDanDanielBelBel and the Dragon
abbreviationsThe following abbreviations are used in the footnotes to NETS:AramAramaicGkGreekHebHebrewHaHanhart (1–2 Esd, Esth, Idt, 2–3 Makk, Tob)KaKappler (1 Makk)MuMunnich (OG: Sous, Dan, Bel)RaRahlfs (Psalmi cum Odis in Ps and PrMan, manual edition of LXX elsewhere)WeWevers (Gen, Ex, Leu, Num, Deut)WeedWevers Edition (in distinction from Notes)WeNWevers Notes (in distinction from Edition)ZiZiegler (Bar, Bel, Dan, Esa, Ier, Iezek, Iob, Lam, LetIer, Twelve Prophets, Sir, Sous,WisSal)femfeminine gendermascmasculine genderomomitted byplpluralprpreceded bysgsingulartrtransposed (after) followed by equivalent toi.e.explanatory translationoralternative translationpossiblypossible translationperhapsremotely possible translationGk uncertainmeaning of the Greek very uncertain[.]of questionable originalityix
abbreviationsxThe following abbreviations are used in the introductions to the books of NETS:ABAnchor BibleBALa Bible d’Alexandrie. Paris: Les Éditions du CerfBCEBefore the Common EraBETLBibliotheca Ephemeridum Theologicarum LovaniensiumBHSBiblia Hebraica StuttgartensiaBIOSCSBulletin of the International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate StudiesBrentonL. C. L. Brenton, The Septuagint Version of the Old Testament, According to theVatican Text, Translated into English. London: S. Bagster and Sons, 1844.CATSSComputer Assisted Tools for Septuagint StudiesCBQCatholic Biblical QuarterlyCBQMSCatholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph SeriesCECommon EraCharlesR. H. Charles, ed. The Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha of the Old Testament.2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1913.CHJThe Cambridge History of Judaism. W. D. Davies and L. Finkelstein, eds.;Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.CRINTCompendia Rerum Iudaicarum ad Novum TestamentumDJDDiscoveries in the Judaean DesertETÉglise et ThéologieICCInternational Critical CommentaryIOSCSInternational Organization for Septuagint and Cognate StudiesJBLJournal of Biblical LiteratureJNSLJournal of Northwest Semitic LanguagesJTStJournal of Theological StudiesLECLibrary of Early ChristianityLSJH. G. Liddell, R. Scott and H. S. Jones, A Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford:Clarendon Press, repr. 1966.MSLT. Muraoka, A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint. Louvain: Peeters, 2002.MSUMitteilungen des Septuaginta-Unternehmens der Gesellschaft derWissenschaften zu GöttingenMTMasoretic TextNETS ManualAlbert Pietersma. Translation Manual for “A New English Translation of theSeptuagint” (NETS). Ada, Michigan: Uncial Books, 1996.NPNFNicene and Post-Nicene FathersNRSVNew Revised Standard Version Bible TranslationOBOOrbis Biblicus et OrientalisOGOld GreekOTSOld Testament Studies
abbreviationsPietersma, “Paradigm”xiAlbert Pietersma, “A New Paradigm for Addressing Old Questions: TheRelevance of the Interlinear Model for the Study of the Septuagint,” in Bibleand Computer: The Stellenbosch AIBI-6 Conference. Proceedings of theAssociation Internationale Bible et Informatique “From Alpha to Byte.”University of Stellenbosch, 17–21 July, 2000 (Johann Cook, ed.; Leiden: E. J.Brill, 2002) 337–364.Pfeiffer, HistoryR. H. Pfeiffer, History of New Testament Times with an Introduction to theApocrypha. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1949.PSBAProceedings of the Society of Biblical ArchaeologyRSVRevised Standard Version Bible TranslationRahlfsAlfred Rahlfs, Septuaginta. Id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXXinterpretes. Stuttgart: Württembergische Bibelanstalt, 1935.SBEStudia Biblica et EcclesiasticaSBLSociety of Biblical LiteratureSBLCSSociety of Biblical Literature Commentary on the SeptuagintSBLSCSSociety of Biblical Literature Septuagint and Cognate StudiesSJLAStudies in Judaism in Late AntiquitySTDJStudies in the Texts of the Desert of JudahTDNTTheological Dictionary of the New Testament (Gerhard Kittel).ThomsonCharles Thomson, The Holy Bible, Containing the Old and New Covenant,Commonly Called the Old and New Testament: Translated from the Greek.Philadelphia: Jane Aitken, 1808.VTVetus TestamentumVTSupVetus Testamentum SupplementsZAWZeitschrift für die alttestamentliche WissenschaftZNWZeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft
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TO THE READER OF NETSThe use of the term “Septuagint” in the title of A New English Translation of the Septuagint (NETS) requires some justification. According to legend1 it was seventy(-two) Jerusalem elders who at the behestof King Ptolemy II (285–246 BCE) and with the consent of High Priest Eleazaros translated the Scriptures of Egyptian Jewry into Greek from a Jerusalem manuscript inscribed in gold. The event is said tohave occurred on the island of Pharos in the Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Alexandria and to havetaken seventy-two days. “Scripture,” however, comprised only the so-called five books of Moses, alsoknown as the Pentateuch. Other books were translated in subsequent centuries and also in other locations. In time the entire anthology became popularly known as “the translation of the seventy,” irrespective of the precise origin of individual books.Not surprisingly then, though the various parts of “the translation of the seventy” have many featuresin common, it is also true that, as modern scholarship has increasingly shown, there is wide-ranging diversity and heterogeneity within the collection—to the point that some scholars now question the continued use of the term “Septuagint,” which to the unwary reader might suggest a greater degree of uniformity than can be demonstrated. Though “Old Greek” would undoubtedly be a more suitable term torefer, in the case of each individual book or unit of translation, to the earliest rendition into Greek, NETShas bowed to the weight of tradition and has thus continued the use of the term “Septuagint.”WHYANEW ENGLISH TRANSLATIONOF THESEPTUAGINT?Only two English translations of the entire Septuagint, albeit in modified form, have ever been published. The first was by the American businessman-scholar Charles Thomson and published togetherwith his translation of the New Testament in 1808 and the second by the British cleric Sir LancelotCharles Lee Brenton.2 Thomson’s rendition excludes the so-called deutero-canonical books, but does feature Ps 151. The order of books is that of the Hebrew canon. His translation was based indirectly—via J.Field’s edition of 1665 and the Sixtine edition of 1587—on a single manuscript, namely, the well-knownfourth century CE manuscript Codex Vaticanus (B). No preface or notes of any kind were appended.Brenton’s work, though it appeared some thirty-five years later than Thomson’s, acknowledges onlycursory and indirect acquaintance with it. As the title indicates, it too is (indirectly) based on Codex Vaticanus. In the Preface (xi) Brenton gives the Valpy edition of 1819 as his immediate source, which in turnwas based on the Sixtine edition. Like Thomson, Brenton translated only the books of the Hebrew canon,plus Psalm 151, and ordered them accordingly. For Esther, however, he did not excise the Additions, asThomson had done. Notes of various kinds, embedded in the text, include variants from the fifth century Codex Alexandrinus (A), as well as comments on the Hebrew and Greek texts.Of the two translations, Brenton’s has easily been the more influential and, though not originally published with facing Greek and English texts, has long been made available as a diglot with both versionsin parallel columns.Since the publication of these two translations, now more than one hundred and fifty years ago, significant advances have been made in Greek lexicography, numerous ancient manuscripts have come tolight, and important steps have been taken in recovering the pristine text of each Septuagint book. By wayof comparison it may be noted that whereas both Thomson and Brenton were based on (essentially)diplomatic editions of a single manuscript, the critical edition of the Göttingen Septuagint for the bookof Genesis rests on a foundation of some one hundred and forty manuscripts (nine pre-dating the fourthcentury CE), ten daug
Translation Manual for “A New English Translation of the Septuagint” (NETS). Ada, Michigan: Uncial Books, 1996. NPNF Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers NRSV New Revised Standard Version Bible Translation OBO Orbis Bibli
The importance of Translation theory in translation Many theorists' views have been put forward, towards the importance of Translation theory in translation process. Translation theory does not give a direct solution to the translator; instead, it shows the roadmap of translation process. Theoretical recommendations are, always,
Accepted translation 74 Constraints on literal translation 75 Natural translation 75 Re-creative translation 76 Literary translation 77 The sub-text 77 The notion of theKno-equivalent1 word - 78 The role of context 80 8 The Other Translation Procedures 81 Transference 81 Naturalisation 82 Cultural equivalent 82 Functional equivalent 83
translation, idiomatic translation and communicative translation. From 116 data of passive voice in I Am Number Four novel, there is 1 or 0.9% datum belongs to word-for-word translation, there are 46 or 39.6% data belong to literal translation, there is 1 or 0.9% datum belongs to faithful translation, there are 6 or
** Department of English, Maulana Azad National Urdu University – MANUU, Gachibowli, Hyderabad, India Abstract: Translation is a multifaceted process—linguistic, cultural, continuous and contradictory. Any language benefits from translation activity. Urdu also enriched itself with translation. Every translation is a part of literature, which is a translation in itself. Translation of .
Therefore the translation of Arabic Quran in any other language is usually an explanatory translation. Imam Ahl-e-Sunnat Shah Ahmed Raza Khan's Urdu translation knowd as Kanz-ul-Eeman is an explanatory translation. This explanatory translation of Urdu was completed in the beginning of 20th Century i.e. 1910.
neural machine translation (NMT) paradigm. To this end, an experiment was carried out to examine the differences between post-editing Google neural machine translation (GNMT) and from-scratch translation of English domain-specific and general language texts to Chinese. We analysed translation process and translation product data from 30 first-year
omission (0.8%); and literal translation (10,8%).The translator uses various translation strategies to translate idiomatic expressions in this novel in order to give acceptable translation from the source language text into the target language text. Based on the result of each strategy, the translation strategies by paraphrase
First English Translation Published in the USA April 2019 English Translation Complied by Lajna Imaillah USA Translation by: Sadiqa Mian (USA Translation Team) Under Supervision of ex. National President Lajna Imaillah USA Saliha Malik (2010-2018) Revised Edition English Translation Published in UK June 2019 Published by: Lajna Section Markazia .
