The Performance Pipe
The Performance PipeField HandbookNOTICEThis Field Handbook contains selected information that is excerpted andsummarized from the PPI Handbook for Polyethylene Pipe and PerformancePipe literatures. This handbook is a quick reference aid. The user shouldreview the original source of publication which are all available atwww.performancepipe.com for the most current version and for additionalinformation.This Field Handbook is not a design or installation manual, and it may notprovide all necessary information, particularly with respect to special or unusualapplications. This Field Handbook should not substitute for the designmaterials, standards and specifications available, and should not replace theadvice of a qualified licensed engineer. Performance Pipe recommendsengaging the services of a qualified licensed engineer for the evaluation of sitespecific conditions, the determination of requirements, technical procedures andspecific instructions for a project.The information in this handbook is accurate to the best of Performance Pipe’sknowledge, but the information in this handbook cannot be guaranteed becausethe conditions of use are beyond Performance Pipe’s control.All rights reserved. This publication is fully protected by copyright and nothingthat appears in it may be reprinted, copied, or otherwise reproduced by anymeans including electronic media, either wholly or in part, without the expresswritten permission of Performance Pipe, a division of Chevron Phillips ChemicalCompany LP.INTRODUCTIONThe Performance Pipe Field Handbook is generally directed toward municipaland industrial applications for Performance Pipe DriscoPlex OD controlledpiping products. The Handbook includes cautions and general information,piping products and features, and general design information about fluid flows,thermal and burial effects, and general installation information about handlingand storage, joining, installation, inspection and testing, and operationalguidelines. Information about fittings and Performance Pipe oilfield and gasdistribution products is not included in the handbook. Please refer to specificPerformance Pipe publications for information about these products.Bulletin PP-901Page 1May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2015 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
TABLE OF CONTENTSNOTICE . 1INTRODUCTION . 1PRODUCTS AND FEATURES . 5Typical Physical Properties. 6Pressure Rating Design. 7Pressure Surge . 9Fitting Pressure Ratings . 10Vacuum Ratings . 10Chemical Resistance . 11FLUID FLOW . 11Hazen-Williams . 12Manning . 13Compressible Gas Flow . 15Comparative Flows for Slipliners . 16Fitting and Valve Friction Losses . 17THERMAL EFFECTS. 18Unrestrained Thermal Effects . 19End Restrained Thermal Effects . 19Heat Transfer . 21ABOVE GRADE SUPPORTS . 22Support Spacing . 23BURIED PIPE DESIGN . 26WATER ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS . 26External Hydraulic Pressure . 26Submergence Weighting . 28Floating Pipelines . 31RECEIVING AND HANDLING . 36Bulletin PP-901Page 2May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2015 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
Unloading . 36Cold Weather Handling . 39JOINING & CONNECTIONS . 40Heat Fusion Joining . 42Electrofusion. 44Mechanical Connections . 45Flange Connections. 47Flange Bolting . 50Flange Assembly . 53Pullout Resistant Mechanical Joints . 56Partially Restrained Joints . 57Branch Connections . 58Repair Sleeves . 60Repair Connections . 60UNDERGROUND INSTALLATION. 61Trenching . 62Controlling Shear and Bending Loads . 65Cold Field Bending . 65Pipe Embedment Soils . 67Joint Restraining with Thrust Blocks . 68Poisson Effects. 70Connection Restraint Techniques . 71Pullout Force . 73Pulling-In . 76Horizontal Boring . 79Proprietary Trenchless Rehabilitation . 83SURFACE INSTALLATIONS . 84ABOVE GRADE INSTALLATIONS . 86UNDERWATER INSTALLATION . 88INSPECTION AND TESTING . 89Bulletin PP-901Page 3May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2015 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
LEAK TESTING . 90Part 1 – Pre-Test Considerations . 90Part 2 – Hydrostatic Leak Testing Procedure . 93Part 3 – Additional Leak Testing Procedures . 94OPERATIONAL GUIDELINES . 95Disinfecting Water Mains . 95CAUTIONS AND NOTICES . 96Application Limitations . 99Bulletin PP-901Page 4May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2015 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
The Performance PipeField HandbookPRODUCTS AND FEATURESPerformance Pipe DriscoPlex OD controlled polyethylene pipe and fittings aremade from high-density polyethylene materials in accordance with applicablestandards, for example ASTM, AWWA or API. OD controlled DriscoPlex piping products typically are rated for pressure service, but may also be usedfor non-pressure and gravity flow applications. Product lines for particularapplications are identified by a DriscoPlex pipe number series.Table 1 DriscoPlex Piping Products for Municipal andIndustrial ApplicationsTypicalMarketsDriscoPlex SeriesPiping SystemsMiningDriscoPlex 1700DriscoPlex ngDriscoPlex 4100DriscoPlex 5100DriscoPlex 4600Sewer LinesDriscoPlex 4700IndustrialDriscoPlex 1000Typical Features (Note 1)IPS with Colored stripes to identify DR(see Table 2)DIPS sizeAWWA C906 and NSF/ANSI 61 orNSF/ANSI 14IPS sized in Black AWWA C906 andNSF/ANSI 61 and/or 14Available to Factory Mutual (Note 2)Colored Stripes optionalIPS, CTS, and IDR sized in Solid Black orBlue meeting AWWA C901 andNSF/ANSI 61 and NSF/ANSI 14IPS solid light colored Pipe to facilitateinternal inspectionDIPS gray Pipe to facilitate internalinspectionIPS sized pipe in solid blackNotes for Table 1 Typical Features:1. All Pipes are manufactured from Polyethylene PE4710 Pipe Resins2. FM Approved for Class 150, Class 200 and Class 267 in sizes through24”Bulletin PP-901Page 5May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2018 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
IDENTIFICATION STRIPES AND COLORSWhere used for identification, the industry recognizes the following coloredstripes Yellow for natural gas Blue for potable water Red for fire main Green for wastewater Purple for reclaimedTable 2 Color Stripes to Identify DR(DriscoPlex 1700 Pipe for Mining range15.5Blue17Purple21Green26Brown32.5Typical Physical PropertiesTable 3 provides typical material physical property information for theDriscoPlex HDPE material used for many Performance Pipe products.SUNLIGHT (ULTRAVIOLET) EFFECTSPerformance Pipe black pipes include a minimum 2% carbon black in thematerial to provide long term UV protection. Black products and black productswith color stripes are suitable for applications where there is long-term, directexposure to ultraviolet light. This includes all surface, suspended, and abovegrade applications.Sacrificial UV absorbers temporarily protect colored products by absorbing UVenergy, but are used up over time. Color products, such as DriscoPlex 4600and 4700 light colored pipe are intended for underground long term service.Unprotected outdoor storage should not exceed 2 years for these products.Bulletin PP-901Page 6May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2018 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
Table 3 Typical Material PhysicalPropertyStandardMaterial DesignationASTM F 412Cell ClassificationDensityASTM D 3350[4]ASTM D 1505Melt Index[4]Flexural Modulus[5]Tensile Yield StrengthASTM D 1238ASTM D 790ASTM D 638Type IVSCG (PENT)HDB at 73 F (23 C)Color; UV stabilizer[5][7][4][C][E]ASTM F 1473ASTM D 2837ASTM D 3350HDS at 73 FASTM D2837Linear thermal expansionASTM D 696Elastic ModulusBrittleness TemperatureHardnessASTM D 638ASTM D 746ASTM D 2240Typical Value†PE4710445574C(black)0.960 g/cc(black) 0.947(colored)0.08 g/10 min 120,000 psiPE2708234373E(Yellow)0.18 g/10 min 90,000 psi 3500 psi2800 psi 500 hours1600 psiBlackColor1000 psi8 x 10-5in/in/ F 175,000 -103 FShore D 62 2000 hours1250 psi0.939 g/cc(Yellow)Yellow800 psi10 x 10-5in/in/ F100,000 -103 FShore D 63†NOTICE. This typical physical property information is for polyethylene resins used tomanufacture some Performance Pipe DriscoPlex polyethylene piping products. It isnot a product specification, and does not establish minimum or maximum values ormanufacturing tolerances for resins or for piping products. These typical physicalproperty values were determined using compression-molded plaques prepared fromresin. Values obtained from tests of specimens taken from piping products can varyfrom these typical values. Performance Pipe has made every reasonable effort toensure the accuracy of this information, but it may not provide all necessaryinformation, particularly with respect to special or unusual applications. SomePerformance Pipe products are made from materials having typical physical propertiesdifferent from the values presented in this table.Pressure Rating DesignDriscoPlex PE 4710 polyethylene pipe can be applied over a wide temperaturerange, and perform well from –40 F to 140 F for pressure service, or to up to180 F for gravity flow (non-pressure) or short term service. Gravity flow or nonpressure service above 180 F is not recommended. Pressure service above140 F is not recommended. Pressure ratings are reduced at elevatedtemperatures (73.4 F and above). See Table 5.Bulletin PP-901Page 7May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2018 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
PIPE PRESSURE RATING (PR)DriscoPlex OD controlled pressure pipes are pressure rated per ASTM F714using the formula below.PR Where:PR HDS Af fTDR 2 HDS f T A f( DR 1 )Pressure Rating, psiHydrostatic Design Stress at 73 F, Table 3, psiEnvironmental Application Factor, Table 4Temperature Compensating Multiplier, Table 5OD Controlled Pipe Dimension RatioDR ODt ODtOD-Controlled Pipe Outside Diameter, in.Pipe Minimum Wall Thickness, in.The dimension ratio, DR, is the ratio of the wall thickness to the pipe outsidediameter. The lower the DR, the thicker the pipe wall, which correlates to ahigher pressure rating.Two design factors, Af and fT, are used to incorporate the environmental andservice temperature conditions of the application into the product pressurerating. See Table 4 and Table 5.Bulletin PP-901Page 8May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2018 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
Table 4 Environmental Design Factors for PE4710, AfApplicationAfWater: Aqueous solutions of salts, acids and bases, Sewage,Wastewater, Alcohols, Glycols (anti-freeze solutions)Nitrogen; Carbon dioxide; Methane; Hydrogen Sulfide; NonFederally regulated applications involving dry natural gas orother non-reactive gasesFluids such as solvating/permeating chemicals in pipe or soil(typically hydrocarbons) in 2% concentrations, natural orother fuel-gas liquid condensates, crude oil, fuel oil, gasoline,diesel, kerosene, hydrocarbon fuels, wet gas gathering, LVPLiquid Hydrocarbons, produced water with 2% hydrocarbons.1.01.00.5Clean, dry, oil free gases having mild oxidizing effects (airoxygen, etc.)Gases having mild oxidizing effects (air, oxygen, etc.) thatcontain solvating or permeating chemical vapors (lubricants,solvents, etc.)0.4Different Design Factors may be required by local or other regulations.Table 5 PE4710 Temperature Compensating Multipliers, fTAverage Annual OperatingTemperaturefT for PE 4710 80 F (27 C)1.0 90 F (32 C)0.9 100 F (38 C)0.8 110 F (43 C)0.8 120 F (49 C)0.7 130 F (54 C)0.7 140 F (60 C)0.61Theaverage annual temperature is a weighted average of the daily operating temperature, and is not thehighest temperature observed in the system.2 The fT values are based on PE 4710 compounds with HDB 1600 psi at 73 F and HDB 1000 psi at 140 Fand are calculated using the temperature equation that is shown in the PPI Handbook, Chapter 3, Appendix Aand in PPI TR-3.The fT values shown in here are conservative since they are based on thehighest temperature within each temperature range and are rounded.Pressure SurgeWhen there is a sudden change in liquid flow velocity, a pressure surge willoccur. With its unique ductile elastic properties, DriscoPlex pipes have hightolerance for surge cycles. The low elastic modulus also provides a dampeningmechanism for shock loads. For the same water velocity change, surgeBulletin PP-901Page 9May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2018 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
pressures in DriscoPlex polyethylene pipe are about 86% less than in steelpipe and about 50% less than in PVC pipe. Unlike other plastic and metalpipes, surge pressures in DriscoPlex HDPE pipe are above the workingpressure capacity of the pipe.Table 6 Surge Allowance at 80 F or less per ASTM F714Recurring Surge EventsDRPR, psiAllowable Total PressureDuring Surge, psiCorresponding SuddenVelocity Change, 36.37.0Occasional Surge EventsDRPR, psiAllowable Total PressureDuring Surge, psiCorresponding SuddenVelocity Change, 4.0 Surge allowance is available only for surge events. Surge allowance isapplied above the working pressure; therefore, it cannot be used toincrease continuous internal pressure capacity above that permitted bythe working pressure.PR, pressure rating, and surge allowance are per ASTM F714 and forPE4710 pipes. See Appendix A of PP501 for PC, pressure class, perAWWA C906.Fitting Pressure RatingsLike pipe, fittings for pressure service are pressure-rated using long-terminternal pressure tests. Molded fittings are pressure rated the same as the DRof the fitting outlet.Vacuum RatingsVacuum Ratings for Performance Pipe HDPE pipes are in Table 14. Thevacuum capabilities of the pipeline vary with the pipe DR, temperature and thetime of exposure to the vacuum conditions.Bulletin PP-901Page 10May 2019 Supersedes all previous publications 2003-2018 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LP
Chemical ResistanceInformation about short-term chemical immersion tests of unstressedspecimens is in the PPI Handbook of Polyethylene Pipe. (See link on thePerformance Pipe website “Technical Library” page.) Additional information onchemical compatibility may be found in PPI TR-19, Thermoplastic Piping for theTransport of Chemicals. Because the particular conditions of an application mayvary, short-term, unstressed chemical immersion test information is useful onlyas a preliminary guide. The apparent absence of effect in a short-termimmersion test does not imply that there will be no effect where there is longterm exposure or applied stress or combinations chemicals or elevatedtemperature either individually or in any combination.Potable water disinfection by chloramines and chlorine has been extensivelytested and shown to have no affect on the long-term performance ofPerformance Pipe HDPE pipes for typical water distribution pipelines.Performance Pipe has not conducted tests on exposure to chlorine dioxideused as a secondary disinfectant. AWWA reports that this occurs in a verysmall percentage of US utilities. Performance Pipe is not intended for hot waterservice, and areas of significant elevated temperatures may require a pressurereduction or service life reduction where there is a continued replenishment ofwater disinfectant chemicals.FLUID FLOWDriscoPlex polyethylene pipe is used to transport fluids that may be liquid orslurry, where solid particles are entrained in a liquid, or gas. This sectionprovides general information for Hazen-Williams and Manning water flow andfor Mueller high-pressure and low-pressure gas flow 1. The flow information inthis section may apply to certain conditions and applications, but it is notsuitable for all applications. The user
DR OD Controlled Pipe Dimension Ratio . t OD DR OD OD-Controlled Pipe Outside Diameter, in. t Pipe Minimum Wall Thickness, in. The dimension ratio, DR, is the ratio of the wall thickness to the pipe outside diameter. The lower the DR, the thicker the pipe wall, which correlates to a higher pressure rating. Two design factors, A f and f T
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Design.4 PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems PE Pipe Systems design Pipe Dimensions Table 4.2 PE Pipe Dimensions AS/NZS 4130 Nominal Size DN SDR 41 SDR 33 SDR 26 SDR 21 SDR 17 SDR 13.6 SDR 11 SDR 9 SDR 7.4 Min. Wall Thickness (mm) Mean I.D. (mm) Min. Wall Thickness (mm) Mean I.D. (mm)
Road crossing with casing pipe Carbon Steel and FRP, carrier pipe pre-insulated Carbon Steel and FRP. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION Carrier Pipe: Carbon Steel, FRP Size of Carrier Pipe: DN 1200mm CS pipe - DN 750mm FRP pipe (pre-insulated) Casing Pipe: FRP Size of Casing Pipe: FRP casing pipe I.D. 1520mm, FRP casing pipe size I.D.
