Compliance Document For New Zealand Building Code Clauses .
Dear CustomerPlease find enclosed Amendment 5, effective 10 October 2011, to the Compliance Document forClause D1 Access Routes of the New Zealand Building Code.SectionOld D1October 2011 Amendments to D1Title pageRemove title page and document historyReplace with new title page and document historyCode Clause D1Remove page 3/4Replace with new page 3/4ContentsRemove page 9/10Replace with new page 9/10ReferencesRemove page 11/12Replace with new page 11/12DefinitionsRemove page 13/14Replace with new page 13/14D1/AS1Remove pages 41/42, 45/46Replace with new pages 41/42, 45/46IndexRemove pages 47-49Replace with new pages 47-49
Compliance Document forNew Zealand Building CodeClause D1Access Routes – Second EditionPrepared by the Department of Building and HousingThis Compliance Document is prepared by the Department of Buildingand Housing. The Department of Building and Housing is a GovernmentDepartment established under the State Sector Act 1988.Enquiries about the content of this document should be directed to:Department of Building and HousingPO Box 10-729, Wellington.Telephone 0800 242 243Fax 04 494 0290Email: info@dbh.govt.nzCompliance Documents are available from www.dbh.govt.nz Department of Building and Housing 2011This Compliance Document is protected by Crown copyright, unless indicated otherwise.The Department of Building and Housing administers the copyright in this document.You may use and reproduce this document for your personal use or for the purposesof your business provided you reproduce the document accurately and not in aninappropriate or misleading context. You may not distribute this document to othersor reproduce it for sale or profit.The Department of Building and Housing owns or has licences to use all images andtrademarks in this document. You must not use or reproduce images and trademarksfeatured in this document for any purpose (except as part of an accurate reproductionof this document) unless you first obtain the written permission of the Departmentof Building and Housing.
Status of Compliance DocumentsCompliance Documents are prepared by the Department of Building and Housing in accordance with section 22 of theBuilding Act 2004. A Compliance Document is for use in establishing compliance with the New Zealand Building Code.A person who complies with a Compliance Document will be treated as having complied with the provisions of the BuildingCode to which the Compliance Document relates. However, a Compliance Document is only one method of complying withthe Building Code. There may be alternative ways to comply.Users should make themselves familiar with the preface to the New Zealand Building Code Handbook, which describesthe status of Compliance Documents and explains alternative methods of achieving compliance.Defined words (italicised in the text) and classified uses are explained in Clauses A1 and A2 of the Building Code and in theDefinitions at the start of this Compliance Document.D1: Document HistoryDateAlterationsFirst publishedJuly 1992Amendment 1December 1993p. 12, Table 5p. 15, 4.4.2, 4.5.2p. 30, 12.0, 12.1Amendment 219 August 1994pp. i and ii, Document Historyp. vii, Contentsp. viii, Referencespp. ix and x, Definitionsp. 1, 1.0, 1.0.1, 1.0.2p. 3, 1.2.1p. 4, Figure 2p. 6, 1.7.1p. 6A, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4pp. 6B, 6C, 6D, Table 1Ap. 6D, 2.2.1p. 7, 3.1.4p. 10, Figure 11p. 11, 4.1.3p. 12, Table 5, 4.1.4, 4.1.8p. 13, 4.4, 4.4.1p. 14, Figure 17p. 15, 4.4.3 deleted, Figure 18, 4.5, 4.5.1, 4.5.2, 4.6,4.6.1, 4.6.2p. 10, Table 1App. 33 to 35, IndexAmendment 31 December 1995p. ii, Document Historyp. viii, Referencesp. 15, 5.1.1Second edition28 February 1998Document revised – second edition issuedAmendment 41 July 2001p. 2, Document History, Statusp. 11, Referencesp. 13, Definitionsp. 25, Figure 8p. 30, 4.2.1 Commentp. 41, 6.0.7 Commentp. 46, 12.0.1Amendment 510 October 2011p. 2, Document History, Statuspp. 3–4, Code Clause D1p. 9, Contentsp. 11, Referencesp. 13, Definitionsp. 41, D1/AS1 6.0.7p. 46, D1/AS1 11.0pp. 47–49, IndexNote: Page numbers relate to the document at the time of Amendment and may not match page numbers in current document.Document StatusThe most recent version of this document, as detailed in the Document History, is approved by the Chief Executiveof the Department of Building and Housing. It is effective from 10 October 2011 and supersedes all previous versionsof this document.People using this Compliance Document should check for amendments on a regular basis. The Department of Buildingand Housing may amend any part of any Compliance Document at any time. Up-to-date versions of ComplianceDocuments are available from www.dbh.govt.nz
C l a u s e D1acc e ss r o u t e sNew Zealand Building CodeClause D1 Access RoutesThis Clause is extracted from the New Zealand Building Code contained in the First Schedule ofthe Building Regulations 1992.Objective D1.1(c) shall apply onlyto those buildings to whichsection 47A of the Act applies.Note: Section 47Ais in the BuildingAct 1991. Theequivalent sectionin the Building Act2004 is section 118.Effective from29 December 2000D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G10 October 2011
Clause D1acc e ss r o u t e sPerformance D1.3.2 shall not applyto Housing, Outbuildings, backcountryhuts, Ancillary buildings, and toIndustrial buildings where no morethan 10 people are employed. 10 October 2011Effective from31 October 2008D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G
C o n t e nts D1/VM1 & AS1acc e ss r o u t e sContentsPagePageReferences117.0Doors and Openings43Definitions138.0Places of Assembly43Verification Method D1/VM1158.1Spaces for wheelchairs431.0Slip Resistance158.2Access to performance areas43Acceptable Solution D1/AS1171.0General Criteria171.1Location179.0Accessible Accommodation43Units of Communal ResidentialBuildings1.2Slope171.3Changes in level171.4Height clearances181.5Obstructions181.6Structural stability201.7Barriers211.8Lighting212.0Level Access Routes212.1Slip resistance212.2Width252.3Protection from falling253.0 Ramps253.1Slope253.2Width263.3Landings263.4Kerb ramps274.0Stairways274.1Pitch, risers and treads274.2Width304.3Landings314.4Curved and spiral stairways334.5Stair winders334.6Visibility of stair treads335.0Fixed Ladders345.1General345.2Step-type ladders375.3Rung-type ladders385.4Individual rung-type ladders396.0Handrails39D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G9.1Number of units to be provided439.2Facilities to be provided4510.0Movement of Vehicles4610.1Car parking areas4610.2Modifications to AS 28904611.0 Other Acceptable Solutions4612.046LiftsIndexAmend 5Oct 20114710 October 2011
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R e f e r e nces D1/VM1 & AS1acc e ss r o u t e sReferencesAmend 4Jul 2001Amend 5Oct 2011For the purposes of New Zealand Building Code (NZBC) compliance, the Standards and documentsreferenced in this Compliance Document (primary reference documents) must be the editions,along with their specific amendments, listed below. Where these primary reference documents referto other Standards or documents (secondary reference documents), which in turn may also refer toother Standards or documents, and so on (lower-order reference documents), then the version ineffect at the date of publication of this Compliance Document must be used.Standards New ZealandAmend 5Oct 2011Amend 4Jul 2001Amend 5Oct 2011Where quotedNZS/AS 1657: 1992Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways andAS1 11.0.3ladders – Design, construction and installation(known as the SAA Code for fixed platforms,walkways, stairways, and ladders)NZS 3114: 1987Specification for concrete surface finishesAmend: 1AS1 Table 2NZS 3116: 2002Concrete segmental and flagstone pavingAmend: 1AS1 Table 2NZS 4121: 2001Design for access and mobility – Buildings andAS1 11.0.1,associated facilities12.0.2Standards AustraliaAS 2890:-Part 1: 2004Part 2: 2002Parking facilitiesOff street parkingAmend: 1Off street commercial facilitiesAmend: 1AS1 10.1, 10.2AS1 11.0.2AS/NZS 3661:-Slip resistance of pedestrian surfacesPart 1: 1993RequirementsVM1 1.0.2,AS1 2.1.1, 3.1.4,Table 2Part 2: 1994Guide to the reduction of slip hazardsAS1 2.1.3British Standards InstitutionBS 585:-Wood stairs.Part 1: 1989Specification for stairs with closed risers fordomestic use, including straight and winderflights and quarter or half landingsBS 5395:-Part 2: 1984Stairs, ladders and walkwaysCode of practice for the design of helical andspiral stairsD E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N GAS1 4.5.3AS1 4.4.110 October 201111
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D e f i n i tions D1/VM1 & AS1acc e ss r o u t e sDefinitionsAmend 5Oct 2011This is an abbreviated list of definitions for words or terms particularly relevant to this ComplianceDocument. The definitions for any other italicised words may be found in the New ZealandBuilding Code Handbook.Access route A continuous route that permitspeople and goods to move between theapron or construction edge of the buildingto spaces within a building, and betweenspaces within a building.Accessible Having features to permit use bypeople with disabilities.Accessible route An access route usableby people with disabilities. It shall be acontinuous route that can be negotiatedunaided by a wheelchair user. The routeshall extend from street boundary or carparking area to those spaces within thebuilding required to be accessible to enablepeople with disabilities to carry out normalactivities and processes within the building.Accessible stairway A stairway havingfeatures for use by people with disabilities.Buildings required to be accessible shallhave at least one accessible stairwayleading off an accessible route whether ornot a lift is provided.Amend 5Oct 2011Household unit(a) means a building or group of buildings,or part of a building or group of buildings,that is—(i) used, or intended to be used, only ormainly for residential purposes; and(ii) occupied, or intended to be occupied,exclusively as the home or residenceof not more than 1 household; but(b) does not include a hostel, boarding house,or other specialised accommodation.Kerb ramp means a short ramp either cuttingthrough a kerb or built up to the kerb.Main private stairway A private stairwayintended to provide access to and betweenfrequently used spaces such as living areas,kitchens and garages, and includes allexterior private stairways.Minor private stairway A private stairwaynot on a main thoroughfare, and intended toprovide infrequent access to a single roomwhich is not a living area or kitchen.Adequate Adequate to achieve the objectivesof the building code.Nosing The rounded projecting edge of astair tread.Building has the meaning given to it bysections 8 and 9 of the Building Act 2004.Person with a disability means a personwho has an impairment or a combinationof impairments that limits the extentto which the person can engage in theactivities, pursuits, and processes ofeveryday life, including, without limitation,any of the following:Common ramp A ramp which is used, orintended to be used by the public whetheras of right or not, and is not a service rampor accessible ramp.Common stairway A stairway which is used,or intended to be used, by the publicwhether as of right or not, and is not aprivate stairway, service stairway oraccessible stairway.Handrail A rail to provide support to, or assistwith the movement of a person.Amend 5Oct 2011Amend 4Jul 2001(a) a physical, sensory, neurological, orintellectual impairment:Amend 5Oct 2011(b) a mental illness.Pitch line The line joining the leading edge ornosings (if any) of successive stair treadswithin a single flight of a stairway.Private stairway A stairway used, orintended to be used, by the occupants of asingle household unit.D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G10 October 201113
acc e ss r o u t e sDefinitions D1/VM1 & AS1Secondary private stairway A privatestairway other than a main or minor privatestairway, intended to provide access toanother floor containing only bedrooms,bathroom or similar accommodationService ramp means a ramp that is used,or intended to be used, infrequently byservice personnel to gain access to spacesfor the purposes of maintenance and themovement of goods.Service stairway means a stairway that is used,or intended to be used, infrequently by servicepersonnel to gain access to spaces for thepurposes of maintenance and the movementof goods.Stairway A series of steps or stairs with orwithout landings, including all necessaryhandrails and giving access between twodifferent levels.Threshold A sill to an external door, or thefloor under an internal door.1428 February 1998D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G
A c c e p table Solution D1/AS16.0.2 Any stairway which exceeds 2.0 m inwidth shall:a) Have handrails on both sides and, where thewidth exceeds 4.0 m, shall also have anintermediate handrail provided at the centreof the stairway, orb) If the stairway is essentially an outdoorarchitectural feature and not required to be anaccessible stairway, have at least one handrail.Examples of such stairways are those leadingto civic areas, or to decks on Housing.Comment:A central rail gives all users a rail to use for safetypurposes. On stairways in public buildings, such assports stadia, intermediate rails are also effective forcrowd control. The 2.0 m width is a comfortable widthfor three people, two of whom can grasp a rail ifanyone trips.6.0.3 Accessible stairways and accessibleramps – Handrails shall be provided on bothsides of accessible stairways and on bothsides of accessible ramps where the rampslope is steeper than 1 in 20. The handrailsshall be continuous except where doors arelocated on landings (see Figures 9 and 25).6.0.4 Slope of handrails – Handrails shallhave the same slope as the pitch line, beginno further than the second riser from thelower end of the stairway, and extend the fulllength of the stairway they serve. Except that,where the handrail serves an accessiblestairway or accessible ramp, a 300 mm(minimum) horizontal extension shall beprovided at each end of the handrail, asshown in Figures 9 and 25.acc e ss r o u t e slocated to ensure that, under normal usage,a person’s hand will not contact adjacentwalls, supporting brackets or fixings, or anyother obstruction.Comment:It is important that in the event of stumbling on astairway or ramp an adult, even with a small hand,can firmly grasp the handrail to prevent a fall.Amends4 and 56.0.8 A graspable handrail profile shall have:a) A flat or convex upper surface,b) Arrised or radiused edges,c) A minimum cross section width of 20 mm,andd) A “relevant width” (as illustrated in Figure26 (a)) across the top surface of no greaterthan 80 mm. Figure 26 (a) and (b) indicatessome acceptable profiles but others mayalso be acceptable.6.0.9 Acceptable handrail profiles foraccessible stairways and accessible ramps areshown in Figure 26 (b).Comment:In most circumstances a handrail is used with a lightgrip to steady the user of a stairway or ramp. Ambulantpeople with disabilities use handrails for both leverageand support, and wheelchair users often need to firmlygrip the rails to pull themselves along, particularly onramps. In those circumstances a profile offering anadequate grip is important.6.0.5 The first riser shall be located a sufficientdistance back from the corner where the twowalls meet, to accommodate the extendedhandrail, as shown in Figure 25.6.0.6 Height of handrails – Handrails shall bepositioned between 900 mm and 1 m abovethe pitchline (see Figure 25).6.0.7 Handrail profiles – Handrails shall havea profile which can be readily grasped by anadult hand and shall be installed in a way thatavoids the likelihood of personal injury. Anacceptable handrail shall be shaped andD E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G10 October 201141
acc e ss r o u t e sFigure 26:42Acceptable Solution D1/AS1Handrail Profiles and ClearancesParagraphs 6.0.8 and 6.0.928 February 1998D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N G
A c c e p table Solution D1/AS1Figure 30:Table 9:acc e ss r o u t e sSeating Spaces for WheelchairsParagraph 8.1.2Accessible Accommodation UnitsParagraph 9.1.19.2Facilities to be provided9.2.1 Accessible accommodation unitsshall have:Total number ofguest unitsNumber of accessibleunits to be provided0–91a) Toilet and bathroom facilities complyingwith G1/AS1.10 – 252b) Kitchen facilities complying with G3/AS1.Plus 1 unit for every additional 25 guest unitsprovided.D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N Gc) Bedrooms, sitting and dining areas withsufficient floor area for a 1500 mmdiameter wheelchair turning circle.28 February 199845
Acceptable Solution D1/AS1acc e ss r o u t e s10.0 Movement of Vehicles12.0 Lifts10.1 Car parking areas12.0.1 For the purposes of determiningwhether a lift must be provided for peoplewith disabilities to access upper floors, thedesign occupancy shall be determined usingC/AS1 Paragraph 2.3.7 and Table 2.2.10.1.1 AS 2890: Part 1 as modified byParagraph 10.2 is an acceptable solution forcar parking areas and circulation routes.Comment:The width of an accessible car park is given inAS 2890.1 Figure 2.2 as 3.2 m, but it is noted in2.4.1 (b) (ii) of the Standard that if there is an adjacentobstruction the width of all car parks should beincreased by 300 mm. In the case of an accessible carpark an obstruction would include a kerb or gardenwhich would prevent the movement of a wheelchair.10.2 Modifications to AS 289010.2.1 AS 2890: Part 1 is modified as follows:Clause 4.7 Lighting: After final sentence add anew sentence – “These lighting provisionsmay exceed the performance criteria ofNZBC D1 and G8.”Comment:Alternative design occupancies being less than derivedfrom Table 2.2, must be justified with clear supportinginformation. Table 2.2 already takes account of effectivefloor area reductions for normal furnishings associatedwith a given activity, such as desks or workstations inoffices. However, in a factory situation with fixedmachinery, actual operator numbers may be acceptableas the occupant load.12.0.2 Building size may also be used todetermine the need for a lift for people withdisabilities. NZS 4121 is an acceptable solutionbased on gross floor area.Appendix C: Delete and replace with:“Accessible car parking spaces shall beprovided on the scale of:1 for up to 10 total spaces provided2 for up to 100 total spaces providedplus 1 more for every additional 50 spaceswhen car parks are provided in orassociated with a building whichis accessible.”Amend 5Oct 201111.0 Other Acceptable Solutions11.0.1 Accessible routes – The accessprovisions of NZS 4121 are an acceptablesolution for accessible routes, but may exceedthe requirements of NZBC D1.11.0.2 Commercial vehicles – AS 2890:Part 2 is an acceptable solution for loadingspaces and circulation routes for commercialvehicles, but may exceed the requirements ofNZBC D1.11.0.3 Access routes for service andmaintenance personnel – NZS/AS 1657 isan acceptable solution for fixed platforms,walkways, stairways, and ladders, but provisionsmay exceed the requirements of NZBC D1.4610 October 2011Amend 4Jul 2001D E PA R T M E N T O F B U I L D I N G A N D H O U S I N GAmend 4Jul 2001
I n d e x D1/VM1 & AS1acc e ss r o u t e sIndex D1/VM1 & AS1All references to Verification Methods and Acceptable Solutions are preceded by VM or ASrespectively.Access routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS1 1.1.5, 1.2.2, 1.4.1, 1.5.1,1.5.3 a), 1.5.4, 1.5.5,1.6.1, 1.7.1, 1.8.1, 2.0, 5.1.3,10.1.4, Figure 27see also Level access routesservice and maintenance personnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS1 11.0.4Accessible accommodation units . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS1 9.0, 9.1, 9.1.1,9.2.1, Table 9facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AS1 9.2bedrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
NZS/AS 1657: 1992 Fixed platforms, walkways, stairways and AS1 11.0.3 ladders – Design, construction and installation (known as the SAA Code for fixed platforms, walkways, stairways, and ladders) NZS 3114: 1987 Specifi
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