CHEMISTRY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT 2018-19

CHEMISTRYINVESTIGATORYPROJECT2018-19SETTING OF CEMENTBYDIVYANSHU KUMARCLASS- XII-B2018-19

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA NO 2NAUSENABAGH, VISAKHAPATNAMDEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYCERTIFICATETHIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT DIVYANSHUKUMAR OF CLASS XII-A HAS SUCESSFULLYCOMPLETED THE RESEARCH ON THEMENTIONED TOPIC UNDER THE GUIDANCEOF MR.B.SREEDHAR [SUBJECT TEACHER]DURING THE YEAR 2018-19 IN PARTIALFULFILMENT OF PRACTICAL EXAMINATION.SIGNATURE OF EXTERNAL EXAMINERSIGNATURE OF CHEMISTRY TEACHER

INDEXACKNOWLEDGEMENTAIM OF THE EXPERIMENTINTRODUCTIONTHEORY EFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ONSETTING OF CEMENT MORTAR CONSTRUCTION OF BUILDINGUSING CEMENT PORTLAND CEMENT EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTING OFCEMENT MORTARAPPARATUS IBLIOGRAPHY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to mychemistry teacher MR.B.SREEDHAR as well as ourschool principal MR.NISHIKANT AGGARWAL whogave the golden opportunity to do this wonderful projecton the topic "SETTING OF CEMENT" which also helpedme in doing a lot of research work and I came to knowabout so many new things. I am really thankful to them.

AIM OF THEEXPERIMENTTo study the setting of mixture ofcement with sand time and fly ash withrespect to time and strength.

INTRODUCTIONIn the most general sense of the word, CEMENT is abinder, a substance that sets and hardens independently,and can bind other materials together.The word "cement" traces to the Romans, who used theterm opus caementicium to describe masonry resemblingmodern concrete that was made from crushed rock withburnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and a pulverizedbrick additive that were added to the burnt lime toobtain a hydraulic binder were later referred to ascementum, cimentum, cament and cement.The most important use of cement is the production ofmortar and concrete.The bonding of natural or artificial aggregates toform a strong building materials that is durable nthe face of normal environment effects.

THEORYEFFECT OF QUALITY OF SAND ONSETTING OF CEMENT entsourcesexamples,seahassandobtained from sea contains unwanted salts andretards setting of cement and is not suitablefor making mortar.On the other hand, Pit sand is obtainedfrompitsinthesoilandtheRiversandobtained from riverbed is considered excellent forpreparing mortar and concrete.

CONSTRUCTION OFBUILDING USING CEMENTCement used in construction is characterized ashydraulic or non-hydraulic Hydraulic cement (e.g.Portland cement) harden because of hydrationchemical reactions that occur independently ofthe mixture's water content; they can hardeneven underwater or when constantly exposed towet weather. The chemical reaction that resultswhen the anhydrous cement powder is mixedwith water produces hydrates that are notwater soluble. Non-hydraulic cements (e.g. Limeand Gypsum plaster) must be kept dry in orderto retain their strength.

PORTLAND CEMENTCement is made by heating limestone(calcium carbonate),with small quantities of other materials (such as clay) to14500C in a kiln, in a process known as calcination, wherebya molecule of carbon dioxide is liberated from the calciumcarbonate to form calcium oxide, or quicklime, which is thenblended with the other materials that have been in the mix.The resulting hard substance, called 'clinker', is then groundwith a small amount of gypsum in a powder to make‘Ordinary Portland Cement’, the most commonly used typeof cement (offered referred to as OPC). Portland cement isa basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and non specialtygrout. The most common use for Portland cement is in theproduction of concrete. Concrete is a composite materialconsisting of aggregate (gravel and sand), cement and water.

EFFECT OF TIME ON SETTINGOF CEMENT MORTARTime has an important role on strength of developedcement mortar. When a cement mixture in the ratioof 1:3 with water is allowed to dry, the strength ofsolid mass keeps on increasing with the time given forsetting. It acquires a nearly full strength in 28 days.

APPARATUS REQUIREDBEAKERSBEAKERSWEIGHT BOXMATCH BOX

LIMESTONECEMENTFLY ASH

PROCEDURE1. Prepare mixtures of various compositions as given inObservation table.2. Take each of the given mixtures in different beakersand prepare their pastes by adding minimumamount of water.3. Take nine cases of empty match boxes and markfrom 1 to 9.4. Fill the three cases with the paste of eachcomposition.5. Spray water from time to time over the paste, sothat they remain moist all the time.6. After three days, take out one slab of eachcomposition and test their strengths.7. Similarly, take out a set of three slabs after 7 daysafter 30 days respectively and test their strengths.

OBSERVATIONSNO.COMPOSITIONOF MIXTURE ANDRATIOMINIMUMWEIGHT TOBREAK THE :RIVERSAND:FLY 8g 20g 30g16g 18g 26g10g 15g 20g

CONCLUSIONTHE STRENGTH OF THE SLABINCREASES WITH INCREASE IN THESETTING TIME ALLOWED.

PRECAUTIONSHandle the glass wares carefullyAllow the time required to setSpray only required amount ofwater

BIBLIOGRAPHYHELP FROMINTERNETHELP FROMLIBARYHELP FROMTEACHERS

chemistry investigatory project 2018-19 setting of cement by divyanshu kumar class- xii-b 2018-19 . kendriya vidyalaya no 2 nausenabagh, visakhapatnam department of chemistry certificate this is to certify that