Urbanization In Victorian London

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Urbanization in Victorian LondonIt has been said that, “When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for thereis in London all that life can afford.” London is a densely populated metropolis thatserves as the capital city of England and the larger United Kingdom. Perhaps London’smost popular and well-known period, the Victorian Era is full of beautiful attributesincluding art, architecture, a revitalization of chivalry, and an over all new British culturethat would pave the way for the current lifestyle of Londoners. The time period isreferred to as “Victorian” because it falls under the reign of Queen Victoria .

Victoria was the longest reigning British monarchy and figurehead having ruledfrom 1837 until her death in 1901. During the Victorian Era, the city of Londonexperienced extensive changes. She is the namesake to an entire age for she oversawenormous changes in British society. Among these changes is the urbanization of thegreat city of London. Throughout the Victorian Era, London would develop into thecultural, economic, religious, educational, and political center of Great Britain .

It was during the Victorian Era that Buckingham Palace was built, completed in 1850.Buckingham House, the garden front: detail from an oil paintingattributed to Adrian van Diest (c. 1700) depicting the house as it was in the Duke of Buckingham'stime The Royal Collection 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth IIWatercolour of Buckingham Palace by Joseph Nash, 1846, showingthe entrance side of the Palace before the closing of the quadrangle with a new front wing and theremoval of the Marble ArchThe Royal Collection 2006, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II

It was purchased by King George III in 1761 as a gift for his wife, QueenCharlotte. It has been used as the official London residence for British sovereigns since1837. Queen Victoria was the first person to take up residence at the palace and wouldlater become the first Queen to leave for a coronation from Buckingham Palace . Thepalace also serves as the administrative headquarters of the Monarchy.Also during this era, in 1834, the Houses of Parliament at Westminster Palace hadburned down. New houses would be built complete with arguably the most famous clocktower in the world, Big Ben. It was built in 1859 and officially called the clock tower ofthe Houses of Parliament .

Buckingham Palace and Big Ben are not the only urban developments of theVictorian age. The Industrial Revolution finds its roots in the Victorian age . As the worldknows, it owes industry and technology, in large part, to Great Britain.There were three major industries that would develop and become successful inLondon during the reign of Victoria. The textile industry was a great new breakthroughin the manufacturing of clothing. Clothing had exclusively been made in the privatehomes of Londoners. Clothing was made by hand with thread bought by the family froma wholesale outlet . Several machines had been invented in order to weave clothing at amuch faster pace which, in turn, would make mass production a new possibility.

Iron and steel manufacturing was also very important throughout the IndustrialRevolution. Great Britain had rich land from which iron ore and coal was gathered . Theuse of steel and iron made it possible for skyscrapers to come into existence. In crowdedcities such as London, sometimes the only place to go is up .

Perhaps the most important of the breakthroughs made during the IndustrialRevolution and the Victorian age, new forms of transportation had Londoners movingfaster than ever before.The steam engine had proved to produce the sufficient amount of energy to makethings move and keep moving without extra efforts from man power . It was originallyused as a stationary power source. It was not in Great Britain that the steam engine wasused first for transportation purposes. France and the United States had invented steamboats that could work against the current making travel easier on the water ways .

It was in London, however, where the steam carriage would be invented in orderto carry people through the streets of London. Such inventions would lead to thedevelopment of large scale public railways that would transform London’s social andbusiness life. It allowed for people to leave the ridiculously crowded city and move to theoutskirts or suburbs of London.

As great as urbanization was for the city of London, it had its negative affects .William Morris would found the Society for Preservation of Ancient Buildings to combatthe harmful affects that the new industries were having on London. In his work, TheEarthly Paradise, He wrote,Forget six counties overhung with smoke,Forget the snorting steam and piston stroke,Forget the spreading of the hideous town;Think rather of the pack-horse on the down,And dream of London, small, and white, and clean,The clear Thames bordered by its gardens green. . .While nigh the thronged wharf Geoffrey Chaucer's penMoves over bills of lading. . .Hippolyte Taine would write, “Nothing here is natural: everything istransformed, violently changed, from the earth and man himself, to the very light and air.But the hugeness of this accumulation of man-made things takes off the attention fromthis deformity and this artifice; in default of a wholesome and noble beauty, there is life,teeming and grandiose.”And John Ruskin would refer to it as "That great foul city of London, — rattling,growling, smoking, stinking — ghastly heap of fermenting brickwork, pouring out poisonat every pore. . . ."At this point in history, 1/10 of every English person was living in London. It wasovercrowded with the poorest of poor living in the center of the city and those withwealth living in suburbs or further away from the core of the city. By 1871, thepopulation of London was 3,000,000 people and would increase to 8,000,000 people inless than a century later. With the rise of urbanization came the rise in crime and povertyin London.

As important as industrialization and urbanization is to the economy of a city andnation, it can be harmful in the short term aspect of it all. In the front pages of EdwardRutherford’s London, there is a map of London from its beginning and its progressionsince then. London has always been a growing city and will continue to grow, if not insize, in importance to the world and the history of the world.Jerrel BurgoHIST 203LMay 14, http://tigger.uic.edu/ /www.britainexpress.com/History/Late Victorian /viclon.html

Victorian age. The Industrial Revolution finds its roots in the Victorian age. As the world knows, it owes industry and technology, in large part, to Great Britain. There were three major industries that would develop and become successful in London during the reign of Vi

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