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Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersDecember & January Garden To Do List December2018HaltonMasterGardeners@gmail.com Indoor house conditions in December and January are difficult for manyhouseplants. Follow these best practices for healthier plants:Watering - All plants should be watered with room temperature waterkeep a container filled and ready to use. Never use ice cubes to waterorchids-there is NO ice in the tropical forest! Water only as needed-checkby lifting the pot. If it feels “heavy”, wait for another week or so. Plantswith thick, rubbery leaves usually need less water. Plants with thin ordelicate leaves usually need more water and humidity. Actively growingplants need more water. Plants enjoying a winter “rest”, will need less.Humidity - Increase humidity by grouping plants together or sprayingweekly. Place plants on an inverted saucer within a bottom saucer filledwith water. (see photo page 2)Clean & tidy – A water spray in the sink, shower or with a spray bottlekeeps leaves healthy & free of dust and pests. Remove dead or dyingleaves and stems.Light – Place plants in brighter south facing windows, use LED lighting orreflective white surfaces to increase lighting. Rotate pot ¼ turn weeklyfor even growth.Fertilizer – Most houseplants will not need any fertilizer as they are notactively growing. Orchids can be fed, “weakly, weekly”, using a diluteorganic fertilizer. Dilute by ¼ or more.Pests – Inspect weekly for sticky areas, dulling of leaves, fuzzy or scalyparts. Use a magnifying glass or phone app such as “Magnifier Camera”to identify pests. Many insects can be kept in check with a weekly sprayof water.HaltonMasterGardeners.com Pot up paperwhites and amaryllis bulbs for winterbloom. Lawn - If you still have leaves on your lawn, rakethem into the garden (or bags/compost to store forspring mulching) when the weather permits. Avoidwalking on lawn if soil is soft and leaves footprints. Watch – How trees talk to each other Read – “100 Easy to Grow Native Plants for CanadianGardens” by Lorraine Johnson. For more readingsuggestions visit our website under “Learn/Books &Magazines”Have a wonderful holiday season!Please note there is no January newsletter, so talk to you again in February!1
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersCare of House Plants in WinterDecember2018Air plants & Phalaenopsis orchids will benefit from a brief weekly soak. Float whole airplant in a bowl, & soak the roots & soil of orchids, for 10 minutes, about once a week.Drain orchids well before returning to pot or saucer and don’t leave water in thecrowns. Do not soak again if still humid or wet.Cactus & Succulents Place plants in your brightest window. Avoid spraying leaves ofsucculents as this can lead to fungal problems. Water the soil instead. Allow soil to dryout between watering.African violets & spring primroses Water from below by placing pot in a container ofwater or carefully water just the soil. Avoid splashing water on leaves or wateringcrown which can lead to rot. Drain after soaking. Do not allow to dry out completely.Holiday plants Keep your poinsettia moist, but not wet. “Christmas” Cactus arerainforest plants and prefer bright indirect light and moist soil. When the plantfinishes blooming, try placing it in a bright window, but with no artificial light, inorder to induce it to bloom actus arerainforestplants andprefer brightindirect lightand moistsoil”Place plant pot on an inverted saucer/lid, within a 2nd shallow container. When you water theplant, the bottom container will act as a reservoir, increasing humidity around the plant.HaltonMasterGardeners.comIncreasing Humidity2
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersAmaryllisby Patty King MG“Apple Blossom” from Wikipedia commonsConfusion over whether these plants are named Amaryllisor Hippeastrum has been debated for two hundred years.Nonetheless, Amaryllis is the most used common name forthe plants we buy today for the holidays.Amaryllis are a tropical/sub-tropical plant native to theAmericas with an epicenter in Brazil. These large bulbswith trumpet blooms first made their way to Europe in the17th century to adorn the glasshouses of botanists, plantcollectors and wealthy patrons. Since then technologicaladvances in refrigeration and transportation and initiativesin plant breeding have created new varieties with tallerstems, larger blooms, bigger bulbs and more colours.“Adele”Patty’s January 2017 AmaryllisContinued on next page .I heard a bird sing, in the dark of December,A magical thing, and sweet to remember:"We are nearer to spring, than we were inSeptember.“ Oliver Herford, "Hope," in The Century Magazine,January tonMasterGardeners.comWhen the garden is quieting down andyou are already beginning to think ofnext spring there is a wonderfulmoment in-between to satisfy yourplant cravings with holiday themedplants such as the amaryllis. Along withthe red Poinsettia and Christmas cactusthe Amaryllis or Hippeastrum will fillthe darker days with large red trumpetshaped blooms atop a two foot stem.The leaves are wide and can easilyreach a foot in length. Quite a sight tobehold!Winter wren singing3
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersAmaryllis– cont’dMost of today’s varieties are bred in the Netherlands, South Africa and SouthAmerica, but also the U.S., Japan and Israel. Breeding has been taking place forabout 200 years and there are now hundreds of varieties. The number that aresold commercially is much smaller and have names such as ‘Apple Blossom’,‘Picotee’, ‘Magnum’ and ‘Double Delicious’.“Red Double l.comGrowing an amaryllis is not difficult. Mostgarden centers will sell you a package whichincludes the bulb, potting medium, and acontainer along with planting instructions. Youcan also buy the bulbs separately.To successfully flower an amaryllis:1. Get a large enough pot. These are bigbulbs. A pot of 7 or 8 inches across is a goodsize. Clay or ceramic pots will add weight andbalance for this tall plant and is a betterchoice than plastic.2. Average potting soil is fine.3. Leave the top third of the bulb exposed.4. Water well at planting. After that, let the soil dry outbetween watering. Once a stem starts to appear waterregularly.5. Amaryllis like sunlight and warmth. Room temperature isgood and a window with bright indirect light is ideal.6. To prevent the plant from leaning too much rotate thepot regularly.To grow them from year to year just takes somepreparation. Once the flowers have faded, cut theflower stalk to about an inch above the bulb.Continue to water the bulb and the leaves willcontinue to grow throughout the summer. Once theleaves start to decline and turn yellow cut backthe water and allow the foliage to die back.Watering can be stopped at this point to allow thebulb to go dormant. Place the bulb in a cool darkand dry place for eight weeks. After this time haspassed bring your Amaryllis back to a bright andwarm place in your home, water it well, and waitfor the cycle to begin terGardeners.caThe bulbs you purchase from garden centers at this timeof year are ready to grow and bloom once you pot them up.Amaryllis bulbs can give you many years of pleasure.Amaryllis!Amarylliswho?!Amaryllis StateAgent wannabuy a house?4
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersOrigin of the SpicesHad Charles Darwin been a foodie, he might have penned an article answering thetasty teasers below. Test your knowledge of the following 10 spices – name eachAND identify the part of the plant it come from.158269710Name41.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.Plant sterGardeners@gmail.comJust for fun, score yourself. Give yourself 1 point for naming the item and 2 pointsfor correctly identifying the plant part. Tweet us your score @HaltonMGs.Need a hint or two? See p. 7. Answers on last 2 pages.5
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersWhat’s Growing er WalksDaily, December 27 to January 6*11:30 a.m. and 2:30 p.m.; Hendrie ParkTake a guided walk to discover how theforest has changed to survive the comingwinter. Meet in the Hendrie Park Tunnel.*RBG closed January 1. Afternoon WinterWalks will not be available December 24 or31.More Activities Included in your GeneralAdmission or MembershipRBG Back to Nature HikeSundays2 p.m.; Location RotatesEach Sunday of the month our volunteer Back to Naturehike leaders offer free hikes through the vast ecosystemsof RBG’s lands, allowing people to familiarize themselveswith the area so they can continue to explore with theirfriends and family. Learn More December 31: Rock Chapel; meet at the Rock Chapeltrailhead parking lot.Free Guided Hike! Parking charges apply.HaltonMasterGardeners.comRBG Mini-Exhibit: Seedsin DisguiseNovember 17 to January1310 a.m. to 5 p.m.; RBGCentreSeeds are all around us:we eat them; we plantthem; they parachutefrom dandelions; theycatch in the dog’s coat or on your socks; they dropfrom the trees; and sometimes they even hangaround your neck. This exhibition featuresornamental seeds “disguised” as beads in jewelry,trinkets and ornaments.Included in your General Admission or Membership6
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersHints for Origin of the Spices (from p. 5)The list of plant parts may beused once, more than once ormaybe not at all!Have ingerPeppercornsSaffronStar AnisePlant PartBarkCalyxFlowerFlower budPetioleRhizomeSeedStemStyle & l.comEach of the names to the leftmatches only one of thepictures on page 5.HaltonMasterGardeners.comOur next newsletter will be February 2019. Stay in touch with usthrough our newly revamped haltonmastergardeners.comwebsite and our @HaltonMGs Facebook page–trusted sources forthe latest in gardening news and information!You can still email us with a plant, disease or pest issueany time at HaltonMasterGardeners@gmail.comHappy New Year!7
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersAnswers: Origin of the SpicesCheck your score!Just a reminder: Give yourself 1 point for naming the item and 2 points for correctlyidentifying the plant part. Tweet us your score @HaltonMGs. We’ll publish topscores in our February newsletter.Cardamon originated in India and Indonesia and is usedprimarily as a spice in cooking. Currently Guatemala isthe largest producer followed by tem #1: Cardamon Seed Pod and SeedsIt’s the world's third-most expensive spice, surpassed inprice per weight only by vanilla and saffron.Item #2: Cumin SeedsCumin is a dried seed of the herb Cuminum cyminum, amember of the Apiaceae family to which parsley, carrotsand celery also belong. It is native to the Middle East and asfar east as India.It is used in various cuisines in both whole and ground form.Item #3: Saffron – Stigmas and Styles of “Crocus sativus” crocusCultivation of saffron crocus and use ofsaffron have taken place for more than3,500 years and spans different cultures,continents, and civilizations, see thehistory of saffron.HaltonMasterGardeners.caItem #4: Ginger – rhizomeGinger belongs to the Zingiberaceae family to whichturmeric (Curcuma longa) and cardamon (Elettariacardamomum) also belong.Dry ginger ale, the sort we’re all used to, was invented by aCanadian pharmacist John J. McLaughlin right near us inDurham County!8
Cross PollinationNewsletter of the Halton Master GardenersOrigin of the Spices: Answers cont’dItem #5: Black Peppercorns - FruitBlack peppercorns are the cooked and driedunripe fruit. Green peppercorns are driedunripe fruit and white pepper is the ripe fruitseeds.Caraway is another member of the Apiaceaefamily (parsley, carrot etc.) native to westernAsia, Europe, and North Africa. Well knownto flavour rye breads, cheeses and mItem #6: Caraway SeedsItem #7: Star Anise – Seed pod of the fruit of Illicium verum evergreen treeIllicium verum is native to northeast Vietnamand southwest China. The seed pod (staranise) has a licorice flavour and is the mainingredient in Chinese Five Spice, an ingredientin Indian garam masala and used in liquors likeabsinthe and sambucca.Item #8: Cinnamon – Bark of the Cinnamomum treeFrom cinnamon buns, red-hot cinnamon heartsto Christmas pot pourris, we’d be hard pressedto live without this hard working spice. Trygoogling ‘cinnamon health benefits’ – 86.6million hits. Not bad for tree bark!Item #9: Celery – Petiole of the leafHaltonMasterGardeners.comWho knew! Makes perfect sense when youlook at the picture with the answer in mind.Another member of the Apiaceae family.Item #10: Cloves – Immature flower budsCloves are the flower buds of the Syzygiumaromaticum, an evergreen tree that’s nativeto Indonesia and grows 8’ to 12’ tall. It’s amember Myrtaceae family (myrtle) whichalso includes allspice.Where do spicesgo when they’resick?To see Dr.Pepper!9
Dec 06, 2018 · Newsletter of the Halton Master Gardeners Cross Pollination Care of House Plants in Winter 2 December 2018 om Air plants & Phalaenopsis orchids will benefit from a brief weekly soak. Float whole air plant in a bowl, & soak the roots
But how does pollination take place? This BBC video will explain how pollination by insects occurs and will also look at other types of plant and flower pollination. Read the detailed information about pollination below and then: 1) Put the mixed up stages of pollination in eth correct order.
importance of pollen for plant reproduction and diversity. A.CONTENT - Use terminology and processes related to plant pollination, fertilisation, germination and seed dispersal - Self.pollination and cross-pollination. - Seed dispersal: animals. Wind, water, self dispersal. - Explain reproduction in flowering plants. - recognise the huge variety of
5 stages of reproduction in a flowering plant. 1. Pollination 2. Fertilisation 3. Seed and fruit formation 4. Seed dispersal 5. Germination 1. Pollination Definition: Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the stamen (anther) of one plant to the carpel (stigma) of another.
Pollination in Rainforest Trees: Techniques for a Community-level Approach S. L. Boulter, R. L. Kitching, J. M. Zalucki and K. L. Goodall Reproductive Biology and Pollination in Rainforest Trees: Techniques for a Community-level Approach Boulter et al. Cooperative Research Centre for Tropical Rainforest Ecology and Management BEST PRACTICE MANUAL
Selfing and crossing are the essential procedures in crop improvement process which depends on the floral structure and pollination. I. Selfing In the selfing of cross-pollinated species, it is essential that the flowers are bagged or protected to prevent natural cross-pollination before flower opening and the breeder should
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2. A positive linear relationship between fruit size and number of seeds per fruit exists. 3. Where cross pollination is required, use of honey bees remains the most consistent, effective and economical means of ensuring adequate yields. Another look at the requirements for citrus pollinati
Buku Pedoman Penggunaan Herbal dan Suplemen Kesehatan dalam Menghadapi COVID-19 di Indonesia merupakan informasi mengenai penggunaan herbal dan suplemen kesehatan di saat krisis pandemi ini, khususnya untuk tujuan memelihara dan meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dan kesehatan secara umum. Daya tahan tubuh merupakan aspek penting bagi manusia untuk melawan infeksi virus, salah satunya adalah virus .
