The Nova Scotia Fish Habitat Suitability Assessment

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The Nova Scotia Fish Habitat Suitability AssessmentA Field Methods ManualNova ScotiaFreshwater Fish Habitat Suitability Index AssessmentNSHSIVersion 2.1, June 2018

Table of ContentsTable of Contents . iiList of Tables and Figures Tables . ivFigures . ivACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . vi1. INTRODUCTION . 71.1 Field Work Considerations . 71.2 Safety Considerations . 71.3 Habitat Assessment . 81.4 The NSHSI Excel Spreadsheet. 91.5 Adopt A Stream Template . 101.6 River Terminology . 101.6.1 Landscape Features . 111.6.2 Channel Measurements . 111.6.3 River Meander Pattern . 121.7 Equipment . 131.7.1 Community Based Environmental Monitoring Network . 131.7.2 Water Quality Monitoring . 141.7.3 Benthic Macroinvertebrates Biomonitoring . 142. SITE IDENTIFICATION & TRANSECT ESTABLISHMENT . 142.1 Introduction . 142.2 Naming . 152.3 Site Bankfull Width . 152. 4 Transect Spacing and Site Length. 162.5 Stream Order . 172.6 Where to Take Transects . 173. WATER QUALITY. 173.1 Introduction . 173.2 Field Methods . 173.2.1 Water and Air Temperature . 183.2.2 pH . 18ii

3.2.3 Conductivity . 193.2.4 Total Dissolved Solids . 194. CHANNEL CROSS-SECTIONS . 194.1 Introduction . 194.2 Field Methods . 204.2.1 Floodplains . 204.2.2 Identifying Bankfull Level . 214.2.3 Measuring Bankfull Widths and Heights . 224.2.4 Wetted Widths and Depths. 224.2.4 Thalweg Depth and Location . 245. SUBSTRATE AND COVER . 245.1 Introduction . 245.2 Field Methods . 255.2.1 Substrate Percentages . 255.2.2 Embeddedness. 265.2.3 Instream Cover . 266. RIVERBANKS AND RIPARIAN AREAS . 276.1 Introduction . 276.2 Field Methods . 286.2.1 Riparian Vegetation . 286.2.2 Riverbank Stability. 286.2.3 Stream Shade . 296.2.4 Ice Scarring . 297. POOL MEASUREMENTS . 307.1 Introduction . 307.2 Field Methods . 317.2.1 Depth of Pool and Pool Tail . 317.2.2 Pool Length and Width . 327.2.3 Pool Cover . 328. Additional Considerations . 328.1 Introduction . 328.1.1 Spawning Areas . 338.1.2 Deposition areas . 33iii

8.2 Field Methods . 338.2.1 Spawning Areas . 338.2.2 Deposition Areas . 339. BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE MONITORING . 349.1 Introduction . 349.1.1 Canadian Aquatic Biomonitoring Network . 349.2 Field Methods: Rock Grab & Three Minute Kick . 359.2.1 Sampling Locations . 359.2.2 Rock Grab Sampling . 359.2.3 Three Minute Kick Sampling . 359.2.4 Additional Information . 36REFERENCES . 37APPENDIX 1: FIELD SHEET . 39APPENDIX 2: FIELD EQUIPMENT LIST . 42APPENDIX 3: FIELD PROCEDURE. 43APPENDIX 4: AQUATIC INSECT ID . 44APPENDIX 5: DEFINITION SHEET . 45List of Tables and FiguresTablesTable 1 - Brook trout summer growing season water temperature suitability . 8Table 2 - Substrate Sizes . 25Table 3 - Pool class descriptions . 31Table 4 - Indicator Taxa (Modified Hilsenhoff Index, Kilgour, 1998) . 36FiguresFigure 1 - HSI graph for maximum water temperature. 9Figure 2 - Landscape and channel components . 11Figure 3 - Full meander sequence and habitats in two hypothetical rivers . 12Figure 4 – illustration of a step-pool. 13Figure 5 - Where to find the crest of a riffle, tail of a pool . 13Figure 6 Mean Annual runoff (mm) map for Nova Scotia . 16iv

Figure 7 - Presence of organic acids in water sample . 19Figure 8 Wetted, bankfull, and floodplain widths . 20Figure 9 - Bankfull level indicators . 21Figure 10 - Bankfull levels in the field (left: inflection point and change in sediment, right: inflectionpoint and change in vegetation) . 22Figure 11 - Bankfull height and width measurements . 22Figure 12 - Wetted and bankfull widths . 23Figure 13 - Measured widths and depths at cross-sections . 24Figure 14 - A: Gravel, B: Cobble . 25Figure 15 - Using the grid .25Figure 16 - Axis of substrate (Adapted from Stanfield, 2010) . 25Figure 17 - Cover types and occurrence within a transect . 27Figure 18 - Stable rocky bank and actively eroding bank . 29Figure 19 - Ice scarring . 30Figure 20 - Estimating low flow. 31Figure 21 - Estimating depth of pool tail on a step pool stream . 32Figure 22 – Gravel Bar .34Figure 23 - Typical locations of gravel bars . 34v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe Nova Scotia Fish Habitat Suitability Index Assessment (NSHSI) was developed with the support ofvarious groups and individuals over several years.First, thank you to Environment Canada’s Science Horizons Program, Clean Nova Scotia and the NSLCAdopt A Stream Program (AAS), which provided funding and management support for the creation of thepreliminary Fish Habitat Assessment Protocol which is the basis of this document. In addition, the NSLCAdopt A Stream Program provided funding for the field testing and revisions phase of development.A special thanks to John-William Brunner, who authored the majority of the Protocol and who developedand managed the initial field testing program. Thanks to Julia Pelton, of Clean Nova Scotia, who gaveinvaluable assistance with project planning and management.Thank you to the staff and volunteers of the Bluenose Coastal Action Foundation and the CleanAnnapolis River Project, who participated in pilot field testing of the second revised methodology, andwho, along with the staff and volunteers at the Sackville Rivers Association, provided very usefulfeedback.Thank you to Lauryn LeBlanc, who developed the initial Excel spreadsheet data management andanalysis form. Thank you to Beth Schaffenburg who further developed sampling techniques and hasbroadened the analysis capabilities and revised the Excel data sheet for this latest version.Thank you to Bob Rutherford of NSLC Adopt A Stream, who continues to offered crucial guidance,literature, references, and valuable recommendations and to Amy Weston, of NSLC Adopt A Stream,who contributed insight and suggestions to the project’s design, implementation, and field testingvi

1. INTROD

The Nova Scotia Fish Habitat Suitability Index Assessment (NSHSI) is intended to standardize freshwater fish habitat assessment while making use of habitat suitability variables and values specific to the rivers of Nova Scotia. This index standardizes field method assessments fo

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