History: Urdu/Hindi History Of The Moghuls Relevant .

Relevant LanguagesBollywood: History,Language and Gender Urdu (most formal)/Hindi (normal) Punjabi (“more informal”) English (“cool”)Miriam ButtNovember 2006 Bombay Hindi, Dialects (regional color)1History: Urdu/Hindi2History of the MoghulsTimurid Dynasty ( Mongols) 1556-1857The name Urdu or Oordoo originally meant “camp”, short forzaban-i-urdu “language of the camp”.TimurlaneGenghis KhanThe word Urdu comes from Turkish ordu, which is related toHorde.Founder of Moghul Dynasty:Oxford English DictionaryBaburReligion: Islam.Religions already present in India:Hindus, Muslims (Schia and Sunni), Jews (sinceAntiquity), Parsis (Zarathustra, since 8th cent.),Buddhists (since antiquity) a.o.Reminds one of theMongols 34

History of the MoghulsHistory of the MoghulsBABUR (1526-30) ! took NorthIndia from Afghanistan (Kabul).Was crowned in Agra, whichbecame a capital city of theMoghul Empire.HUMAYUN (1530-1556)consolidated the empire,quelled the rebellingAfghans, but thenslipped, fell and died inhis library.From the Autobiography Babur Nama5History of the Moghuls6History of the MoghulsJAHANGIR (1605-27) ! married to NurJahan, one of the most powerful womenof the time. Buried in Lahore.AKBAR (1556-1605) ! known forintegration of religions: Hindu,Muslim und Sikh.78

History of the MoghulsHistory of the MoghulsSHAH JAHAN (1628-58) ! Height of Empire. Modern Ergativecase was found first in this time.AURANGZEB (1658-1707) !fanatical Muslim. Literature andArt were curtailed, but Empirehat its greatest area. No greatemperors came after him.910Urdu/HindiUrdu/HindiUrduSpoken by:Spoken in:mainly MuslimsPakistan and IndiaHindimainly Hindus Dialects of the same language Urdu (vocabulary) is the declared/historic language ofpoetry/love, hence important for Bollywood.India1872 Beames Comp. Gram. Aryan Lang. I. 39:Differences:No structural ones (lexicon, a few sounds)draxt ‘tree’/f/ (filem), /x/ (xuda)pe ‘tree’no /f/ (philem), /x/ (khuda)11“By a curious caprice, Hindi, when it uses Arabic words, isassumed to become a new language, and is called by a newname Urdu.”12

Urdu/HindiExample: Riddles/Poets by Amir Khusro (1253-1325).HindiUrdu“You prepared the kheer (rice pudding) with much hard workand lit up the lamp.The dog came and ate it all,nothing for you now than to sit and play the drum.”13Language Basic Primer on Urdu/Hindi (see extra sheet)1. Words for Love/Heart2. Religion (Deities/Greetings)3. Significance of Names (Religion/Tribes/Caste)4. Basic Sentence Structure (Topic/Focus)5.6.7.8.PronounsCaseVerbs (Gender, etc.)Basic Vocabulary16

Language and GenderCode-Switching Gender Related Differences? A lot of code-switching goes on all the time1. Supposedly more use of hum ‘we’1. Between dialects/languages2. Less rapid topic changes2. Main one that is easy to notice is English/Hindi3. Interruptions? Question: who does it and why? Gender differences?4. Exclamations of Despair (ye nahiiN ho sakta!)?5. Tag Questions (hai na?)? For general linguistic background on Code-switching, seeSusanne Romaine’s book Bilingualism.6. Adjectives? Diminutives?7. Swear Words or Words of Violence?17Movie Clips K3G: 2nd Scene, Codeswichting K3G: Rich boy meets poor girl (use of Punjabi) Kahoo Na Pyaar Hai: Urdu Sickness Kahoo Na Pyaar Hai: Hindi dialect1918

Urdu (most formal)/Hindi (normal) Relevant Languages Bombay Hindi, Dialects (regional color) 3 History: Urdu/Hindi Oxford English Dictionary The name Urdu or Oordoo originally meant ÒcampÓ , short for zaban-i-urdu Òlanguage of the campÓ . The word Urdu comes from Turkish ordu,