Pile Group Program For Full Material

3y ago
130 Views
3 Downloads
7.01 MB
166 Pages
Last View : 2d ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Kaydence Vann
Transcription

Pile Group Program for Full MaterialModeling and Progressive FailureDivision of Research& InnovationReport CA02-0076December 2008Final Report

Pile Group Program for Full Material Modelingand Progressive FailureFinal ReportReport No. CA02-0076December 2008Prepared By:Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoReno, NV 89557Prepared For:California Department of TransportationEngineering Services Center1801 30th StreetSacramento, CA 95816California Department of TransportationDivision of Research and Innovation, MS-831227 O StreetSacramento, CA 95814

DISCLAIMER STATEMENTThis document is disseminated in the interest of information exchange. The contents of this reportreflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presentedherein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of Californiaor the Federal Highway Administration.This publication does not constitute a standard,specification or regulation. This report does not constitute an endorsement by the Department ofany product described herein.

STATE OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONTECHNICAL REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGETR0003 (REV. 10/98)1.REPORT NUMBER2. GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION NUMBERCA02-00764. TITLE AND SUBTITLE3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER5. REPORT DATEPile Group Program for Full Material Modeling and Progressive FailureDecember, 20086. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.7. AUTHOR(S)Mohamed Ashour, Gary NorrisUNR / CCEER 01-029. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS10. WORK UNIT NUMBERDepartment of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of NevadaReno, NV 89557-015211. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBERDRI Research Task No. 0076Contract No. 59A016012. SPONSORING AGENCY AND ADDRESS13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVEREDCalifornia Department of TransportationEngineering Services Centerth1801 30 StreetSacramento, CA 95816Final Report14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE913California Department of TransportationDivision of Research and Innovation, MS-831227 O StreetSacramento, CA 9581415. SUPPLEMENTAL NOTES16. ABSTRACTStrain wedge (SW) model formulation has been used, in previous work, to evaluate the response of a single pile or a group of piles (including itspile cap) in layered soils to lateral loading. The SW model approach provides appropriate prediction for the behavior of an isolated pile and pilegroup under lateral static loading in layered soil (sand and/or clay). The SW model analysis covers the entire range of soil strain or pile deflectionthat may be encountered in practice. The method allows development of p-y curves for the single pile based on soil-pile interaction by consideringthe effect of both soil and pile properties (i.e. pile size, shape, bending stiffness, and pile head fixity condition) on the nature of the p-y curve.This study has extended the capability of the SW model in order to predict the response of a laterally loaded isolated pile and pile groupconsidering the nonlinear behavior of pile material (steel and/or concrete) and its effect on the soil pile-interaction. The incorporation of thenonlinear behavior of pile material has a significant influence on the lateral response of the pile/shaft and its ultimate capacity. The reduction in pilelateral resistance due to degradation in the pile bending stiffness affects the nature of the accompanying p-y curves, and the distribution of lateraldeflections and bending moment along the pile. Contrary to the traditional Matlock-Reese p-y curve that does not account to the variations in thepile bending stiffness, the modulus of subgrade reaction (i.e. the p-y curve) assessed based on the SW model is a function of the pile bendingstiffness. In addition, the ultimate value of soil-pile reaction on the p-y curve is governed by either the flow around failure of soil or the plastic hingeformation in the pile.The SW model analysis for a pile group has been modified in this study to assess the p-y curves for an individual pile in a pile group. Thetechnique presented is more realistic and evaluates the variations in the stress and strain (i.e. Young’s modulus) in the soil around the pile inquestion due to the interference with the neighboring piles in a pile group in a mobilized fashion. The nonlinear behavior of pile material is alsoincorporated in the SW model analysis for a pile group.17. KEY WORDS18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENTLaterally Loaded Deep Foundations, Pile Groups, StrainWedge Model, Layered Soils, Nonlinear Behavior ofShaft Material19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION (of this report)UnclassifiedNo restrictions. This document is available to the publicthrough the National Technical Information Service,Springfield, VA 2216120. NUMBER OF PAGES166 PagesReproduction of completed page authorized21. PRICE

PILE GROUP PROGRAM FOR FULL MATERIAL MODELINGANDPROGRESSIVE FAILURECCEER 01-02Prepared by:Mohamed AshourResearch Assistant ProfessorandGary NorrisProfessor of Civil EngineeringUniversity of Nevada, RenoDepartment of Civil EngineeringPrepared for:State of CaliforniaDepartment of TransportationContract No. 59A0160July 2001

ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to thank Caltrans for its financial support of this project. The authorswould also like to acknowledge Mr. Anoosh Shamsabadi, Dr. Saad El-Azazy, Mr. SteveMcBride, Mr. Bob Tanaka and Mr. Tom Schatz for their support and guidance as the Caltransmonitors for this project.i

DISCLAIMERThe contents of this report reflect the views of the authors who are responsible for the facts andaccuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official viewsor policies of the State of California or the Federal Highway Administration. This report doesnot constitute standard specifications, or regulations.ii

ABSTRACTStrain wedge (SW) model formulation has been used, in previous work, to evaluate the response ofa single pile or a group of piles (including its pile cap) in layered soils to lateral loading. The SWmodel approach provides appropriate prediction for the behavior of an isolated pile and pile groupunder lateral static loading in layered soil (sand and/or clay). The SW model analysis covers a widerange over the entire strain or deflection range that may be encountered in practice. The methodallows development of p-y curves for the single pile based on soil-pile interaction by considering theeffect of both soil and pile properties (i.e. pile size, shape, bending stiffness, and pile head fixitycondition) on the nature of the p-y curve.This study has extended the capability of the SW model in order to predict the response of a laterallyloaded isolated pile and pile group considering the nonlinear behavior of pile material (steel and/orconcrete) and its effect on the soil pile-interaction. The incorporation of the nonlinear behavior ofpile material has a significant influence on the lateral response of the pile/shaft and its ultimatecapacity. The reduction in pile lateral resistance due to degradation in the pile bending stiffnessaffects the nature of the accompanying p-y curves, and the distribution of lateral deflections andbending moment along the pile. Contrary to the traditional Matlock-Reese p-y curve that does notaccount to the variations in the pile bending stiffness, the modulus of subgrade reaction (i.e. the p-ycurve) assessed based on the SW model is a function of the pile bending stiffness. In addition, theultimate value of soil-pile reaction on the p-y curve is governed by either the flow around failure ofsoil or the plastic hinge formation in the pile.The SW model analysis for a pile group has been modified in this study to assess the p-y curves foran individual pile in a pile group. The technique presented is more realistic and evaluates thevariations in the stress and strain (i.e. Young’s modulus) in the soil around the pile in question dueto the interference with the neighboring piles in a pile group in a mobilized fashion. The nonlinearbehavior of pile material is also incorporated in the SW model analysis for a pile group.iii

TABLE OF CONTENTSCHAPTER 1 . 1INTRODUCTION. 1CHAPTER 2 . 4LATERAL LOADING OF A PILE IN LAYERED SOIL USINGTHE STRAIN WEDGE MODEL2.1INTRODUCTION.42.2THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF STRAIN WEDGE MODELCHARACTERIZATION .42.3SOIL PASSIVE WEDGE CONFIGURATION INUNIFORM SOIL .52.4STRAIN WEDGE MODEL IN LAYERED SOIL .62.5SOIL STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP.82.5.12.6Horizontal Stress Level (SL) .10SHEAR STRESS ALONG THE PILE SIDES (SLt) .122.6.1 Pile Side Shear in Sand.122.6.2 Pile Side Shear Stress in Clay .122.7SOIL PROPERTY CHARACTERIZATION INTHE STRAIN WEDGE MODEL .142.7.1 Properties Employed for Sand Soil .142.7.2 The Properties Employed for NormallyConsolidated Clay .152.8SOIL-PILE INTERACTION IN THE STRAINWEDGE MODEL .172.9PILE HEAD DEFLECTION .202.10ULTIMATE RESISTANCE CRITERIA IN STRAINiv

WEDGE MODEL .212.10.1 Ultimate Resistance Criterion in Sand Soil .212.10.2 Ultimate Resistance Criterion in Clay Soil .222.11STABILITY ANALYSIS IN THE STRAIN WEDGE MODEL .222.11.1 Local Stability of a Soil Sublayer in theStrain Wedge Model .232.11.2 Global Stability in the Strain Wedge Model .232.12APPROACH VERIFICATION .242.12.1 Mustang Island Full-Scale Load Test on a Pilein Submerged Dense Sand.252.12.2 Pyramid Building at Memphis, Tennessee,Full-Scale Load Test on a Pile in Layered Clay Soil.262.12.3 Sabine River Full-Scale Load Tests on a Pile in Soft Clay.282.13SUMMARY .31FIGURES.32CHAPTER 3 .46PILE GROUPS IN LAYERED SOILS3.1INTRODUCTION.463.2CHARACTRIZATION OF PILE GROUP INTERFERENCE .473.3EVALUATION OF YOUN’S MODULUS, Eg .513.4EVALUATION OF MODULUS OF SUBGRADE REACTION, EEg .523.5CASE STUDIES.543.5.13.5.23.5.33.5.43.5.5Full Scale Load Test on a Pile Group in Layered Clay .54Full Scale Load Test on a Pile Group in Sand .54Full Scale Load Test on a Pile Group in Layered Clay .55Full Scale Load Test on a Pile Group with a Pile Capin Layered Soil .56Model Scale Load Test on a Pile Group in Loose andv

Medium Dense Sand .573.6SUMMARY .57FIGURES.39CHAPTER 4NUMERICAL MATERIAL MODELING.704.1INTRODUCTION.704.2THE COMBINATION OF MATERIAL MODELING WITH THE SWMODEL .724.2.1 Material Modeling for Concrete Strength and Failure Criteria .734.2.2 Material Modeling of Steel Strength .764.3MOMENT CURAVATURE RELATIONSHIP.784.4SOLUTION PROCEDURE .794.4.14.4.24.4.34.4.44.5Steel Pile.79Reinforced Concrete Pile and Drilled Shaft .84Steel Pipe Pile Filled with Concrete(Cast in Steel Shell, CISS) .88Steel Pipe Pile Filled with Reinforced Concrete(Cast in Steel Shell, CISS) .89ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES .904.5.1Example Problem, a Fixed-Head Steel Pile Supportinga Bridge Abutment.904.5.2 Example Problem, a Free-Head Drilled ShaftSupporting a Bridge Abutment .914.5.3 Example Problem, a Fixed-Head Drilled ShaftSupporting a Bridge Abutment .934.6SUMMARY .93vi

FIGURES.95CHAPTER 5EFFECT OF NONLINEAR BEHAVIOR OF PILE MATERIAL ON PILE ANDPILE GROUP LATERAL RESPONSE .1085.1INTRODUCTION.1085.2EFFECT OF PILE MATERIAL NONLINEAR RESPONSE ON THE P-YCURVE .1095.2.1 Steps of Constructing the p-y Curve in the SW Model Analysis.1115.2.2 Effect of Material Modeling on the p-y Curve Ultimate .1135.3CASE STUDIES.1155.3.1Pyramid Building at Memphis, Tennessee, Dull-Scale LoadTest on a Pile in Layered Clay Soil .1155.3.2Houston Full-Scale Load Test on a Reinforced ConcreteShaft in Stiff Clay.1185.3.3Las Vegas Test on Drilled Shafts and Shaft Groupin a Caliche Layer .1215.3.4Southern California Full-Scale Load Test in Stiff Clay .1225.3.5Islamorada Full-Scale load Test on a Pile Driven in Rock.1235.3.6University of California at Los Angeles Full-Scale LoadTest on a Pile Driven in Stiff Clay .1255.4SUMMARY .1265.5FIGURES.127vii

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONThis report presents a summary of strain wedge (SW) model assessment of the behaviorof piles and pile groups subjected to lateral loading in layered soil considering thenonlinear behavior of pile material. A computer code attached to this report has beendeveloped to assess the response of a single pile and pile group in layered soils (sand,clay and/or rock) and the associated p-y curves for various soil and pile conditions. Themain goal of this report is to address the influence of the nonlinear behavior of pile/shaftmaterial on the lateral response of isolated piles/shafts and pile groups. The significanceof accounting for the variations in strength of pile/shaft is to identify the actual behaviorand the ultimate capacity of such piles/shafts. In addition, the associated p-y curves willexperience different effects due to the degradation in pile materials.The California Department of Transportation (CALTRANS) sponsored a significant partof the SW model research through different phases of research project (Ashour et al.1996, Ashour and Norris 1998, and Ashour and Norris 2000). The SW model relatesone-dimensional beam on elastic foundation analysis to the three-dimensional soil pileinteraction response. It relates the deflection of a pile versus depth (or its rotation) to therelative soil strain that exists in the growing passive wedge that develops in front of a pileunder horizontal load. The SW model assumes that the deflection of a pile underincreasing horizontal load is due solely to the deformation of the soil within themobilized passive wedge, that plane stress change conditions exist within the wedge, andthat soil strain is constant with depth in the current wedge.The passive wedge will exhibit a height that corresponds to the pivot point as determinedby a linear approximation of the pile deflection. If the soil strain is known, an equivalentlinear Young's modulus value, associated with the soil within the wedge at any depth, canbe determined. Assuming plane stress change conditions exist, the increase in horizontal1

stress can then be determined. In addition, the beam-on-elastic-foundation line loadreaction at any depth along the pile face is equivalent to the increase in horizontal stresstimes the wedge width at that depth plus the mobilized side shear resistance that developsat that depth along the pile faces parallel to the direction of movement. Since thegeometry of the developing wedge is based on known soil properties and the currentvalue of soil strain, the wedge width can be determined at any depth within the wedge.An equivalent face stress from beam on elastic foundation (BEF) analysis can thereforebe related to the horizontal stress change in the soil.The SW model relates one-dimensional BEF analysis (p-y response) to a threedimensional soil pile interaction response. Because of this relation, t

pile bending stiffness, the modulus of subgrade reaction (i.e. the py curve) assessed based on the SW model is a function of the pile bending - stiffness. In addition, the ultimate value of soil-pile reaction on the py curve is governed by either the flow around failure of soil or the plastic hinge - formation in the pile. The SW model analysis for a pile group has been modified in this study .

Related Documents:

To observe the design capacity, a test pile is constructed and estimated load is given upon the designed pile. There are three kinds of static pile load testing. 1. Compression pile load test. 2. Tension pile load test. 3. Lateral pile load test. A lobal Journal of Researches in Engineering V olume XVI Issue IV Ve rsion I 41 Year 201 E

Bruksanvisning för bilstereo . Bruksanvisning for bilstereo . Instrukcja obsługi samochodowego odtwarzacza stereo . Operating Instructions for Car Stereo . 610-104 . SV . Bruksanvisning i original

to pile cap resistance to lateral loads. The focus of the literature review was directed towards experimental and analytical studies pertaining to the lateral resistance of pile caps, and the interaction of the pile cap with the pile group. There is a scarcity of published information available in the subject area of pile cap lateral resistance.

2.2 High-Strain Dynamic Pile Testing. 2.2.1 The contractor shall perform dynamic pile testing at the locations and frequency required in accordance with section 4.0 of this special provision. 2.2.2 Dynamic pile testing involves monitoring the response of a pile subjected to heavy impact applied by the pile hammer at the pile head.

The pile driving analyzer (PDA) was developed in the 1970's as a method to directly measure dynamic pile response during driving. As the name implies, it was developed to analyze pile driving and evaluate pile driveability, including the range of stresses imparted to the pile, hammer efficiency, etc.

PHC pile, with a diameter of 1000mm and a wall thickness of 130mm , is adopted for the wall pile frame structure of this project. The pipe pile prefabrication is carried out by dalian prefabrication factory. The parameters of the PHC prestressed concrete pipe pile are as follows: Table 1 parameters of PHC pile of wall pile frame structure .

The nonlinear springs are defined using API p–y curves at regular depth . intervals, where p represents the lateral soil resistance per unit length of the pile and y is the lateral deflection of the pile (API, 2007). As it was discussed before response of a single pile is different from response of a pile in a pile group due to group effect. One of the most common methods of accounting for .

recession, weak pound; increase in adventure tourism 3 Understand roles and responsibilities of organisations responsible for the management of UK rural areas Roles and responsibilities: eg promotion of rural pursuits, giving information, offering advice, providing revenue channels, enforcement, protecting the environment, protecting wildlife, educating Types of organisation: eg Natural .