Yunit 3 Kilusan Para Sa Kasarinlan Sa Ilalim Ng .
Yunit 3Kilusan Para sa Kasarinlansa Ilalim ng Imperyalismong AmerikanoModyul 1 Ang Pananakop ng United States sa PilipinasMga Paksa1. Imperyalismo at Layunin ng United States na nakasaad sa Proklamasyong BenevolentAssimilation at iba pang sanggunian Posisyon ng Anti-Imperialist League.2. Posisyon ng Republika.3. Kaugnayan ng Adhikain ng Unang Republika sa Kasalukuyan.4. Digmaang Pilipino-AmerikanoTemaB. Panahon, Pagpapatuloy at PagbabagoE. Kapangyarihan, Awtoridad at PamahalaanBilang ng Araw Pito (7)Alignment MatrixPaksa1.SanggunianImperyalismoat Layunin ngUnited Statesof America nanakasaad saProklamasyongBenevolentAssimilation atiba pangsangguninaanPS #1 BenevolentAssimilation niPangulong WilliamMckinley2.Posisyon ngAntiImperialistLeague3.Posisyon ngRepublikaPS #3 Pabalat ngpolyeto (pamphlet cover)ng Anti-ImperialistLeaguePS #4 Manifestoni PangulongEmilio AguinaldoPS # 2 PoliticalCartoon tungkol saBenevolentAssimilationAno ang kakayahang nakapaloob sasanggunian?1.Naipaliliwanag ang kahulugan ngimperyalismo at ang papel nito sakasaysayan ng PilipinasSaangGawainmakakamitangkakayahan?Gawain 1 AGawain 1 B2.Naipaliliwanag ang posisyon ng iba’t Gawain 2Aibang panig tungkol sa digmaan ngPilipinas para sa kalayaan: angpamahalaang Amerikano, angRepublika ng Pilipinas, at ang AmericanAnti-Imperialist LeagueGawain 3Gawain 43.Natutukoy ang mga basehan,pagkakatulad at pagkakaiba ng mga Gawain 5Aposisyon ng bawat panig tungkol sapananakop PilipinasGawain 5B4.Nasusuri sa pamamagitan ngpagsagot sa mga graphic organizerGawin 6 Aang katangian at mensahe ngCcartoon ukol sa Benevolent1Anong level ofassessment angnakapaloob saGawain?Bilang ngArawKnowledge /UnderstandingUnderstandingKnowledge/ProcessSkills ng /Process113 araw(Takdang-aralin)rd14th arawTakdangaralin15th araw
Assimilation: ang mga simbolo,talinghaga (metaphor), balintuna (irony), at stereotypeNaipaliliwanag ang basehan ngreaksyon ni Aguinaldo saproklamasyong BenevolentAssimilation5.Naipaliliwanag ang basehan ngreaksyon ni Aguinaldo saproklamasyong Benevolent Assimilation6.Nailalahad sa sariling pagtingin angmga nilalaman ng sipi4.Kaugnayan ngAdhikain ngUnangRepublika saKasalukuyanPS #5Talumpati niPangulongBenigno Aquino III7.Nakabubuo ng konsepto ng mgakatangian at mga pamamaraan sapaghubog sa sarili bilang isangmapanuring mamamayan na maymataas na pagpapahalaga satungkulin at kalayaan.Gawain 6DSkills16th araw5.DigmaangPilipinoAmerikanoPS #6 Historicalmarkers ng UnangPutok ngDigmaang PilipinoAmerikano8.Nauugnay ang impormasyon satimeline sa konteksto ng mgaprimaryang sanggunianGawain 7AGawain 7BKnowledge/Understanding/Skills/ Process17th araw9.Naipaliliwanag kung paanonaapektuhan ng kontekstonghistorical ang nilalaman,perspektiba at kahalagahan ng ibaibang pag-aaral sa digmaan at mgasanggunian10.Natataya ang kahalagahan ng mgaprimaryang sanggunian atsekundaryang sanggunian sa pag-aaralng digmaanPagsusuri sa Larawan (Pagganyak)a. Ipasuri sa mga mag-aaral ang larawang makikita sa pahina ng modyul.b. Gamiting gabay ang mga pamprosesong tanong upang masuri ang mga larawan. Ito angmga inaasahang sagot sa mga pamprosesong tanong: burger , fries, softdrink, bandila ng USA, mga prutas na hindi likas na tumutubo saPilipinas ( mansanas, ubas, cherries, orange), karatula ng isang pampublikong paaralan,pantalong maong, salitang jazz, salitang democracy Hindi, sapagkat marami sa mga ito ay dala o impluwensiya ng mga dayuhan.Hindi sapagkat ang ito ay hindi naging bahagi ng kultura ng ating mga ninuno kahit pabago masakop ng mga banyaga ang ating bansa.2
Ang mga ito ay mula sa impluwensiya United States of America (Amerika).Unti unting nakapasok sa ating kultura nang tayo ay napasailalim ng pananakop ng mgaAmerikano.c. Maaring magdagdag ng mga pamprosesong tanong upang higit na maipalabas angkonsepto ng pagdating ng mga Amerikano sa Pilipinas.Mungkahing kapalit na gawain ng guro para sa Pagganyak1. Maaaring gamitin ang pagsusuri ng liriko ng awit ni Heber Bartolome na“Tayo’y mga Pinoy”.2. Maaari din panoorin at awitin ng mga mag-aaral mula sa weblink na itoang video: Heber Bartolome. November 12, 2012.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v zx-VcUFtDnQ3. Iproseso sa pamamagitan ng mga gabay na tanong na kanyang mabubuo.d. Ipaliwanag ang pangkalahatang tanong sa pagtalakay at pagsuri ng mga primaryangsanggunian sa modyul. Ang tanong ay: “Paano mapahahalagahan ang pagsusumikap ngUnang Republika na mapangalagaan o mapanatili ang tinamasang kalayaan?”o Paalala: Ipaliwanag na ang tanong na ito ay sasagutin matapos matalakay angkabuuan ng modyul.e. Ipabasa ang mga kakayahan na inaasahang makakamit sa pag-aaral ng Modyul 1.Pagtalakay sa Panimulaa. Talakayin ang panimula at kontekstong pangkasaysayan. Maaaring magpakita ng mapang daigdig (bigyang-diin ang lokasyon ng PIlipinas at United States) at mga larawang maykaugnayan sa pagdating ng mga Amerikano hanggang sa Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano.b. Ipaunawa ang time line na nasa Panimula.c. Ang sumusunod ay karagdagang impormasyon na Sipi mula sa “Readings in the Historyof Filipino Society” ni Erlinda Dizon, et al. pahina 100 – 101 upang mapalalim ang iyongpagtalakay sa Imperyalismo, ekspansyon at Manifest destiny ng United States.3
Uncovering the Mask:The Philippine- American ExperienceIn the beginning of the nineteenth century, the decay of Spain into a second-classpower is already is already evident. Since 1812 political party strife, coup d etat, and civilwar tore the country apart, as the Spaniards could not decide whether to be an absoluteor constitutional monarchy or a republic. The Spanish revolution of 1868 introducedstability but did not halt loss of overseas power. The Cubans rebelled in 1895, theFilipinos in 1896.Meanwhile, America’s dream of becoming a world power like Britain, Germany,france and Spain was too strong for its leaders to resist. They believe that this could beachieved by having a share of market in Asia. A late bloomer but with a vision of“manifest destiny” America aggressively pursued its expansionist dream by starting withthe Philippines. She fought and defeated Spain in Manila bay. Thus, acquiring thePhilippines as part of the rewards of war.However, America’s imperialist ambition clashed with the aspirations of theFilipinos. For as much as the Americans wanted the Philippines as their colony, theFilipinos wanted to be free and independent.This clash of interest led the Filipinos to reassess America’s motives in the socalled Philippine-American alliance. The Filipino suspicions was proven right when theirAmerican friends and their Spanish enemies contrived the fall of Manila in August 13,1893 and denied the Filipinos participation in such a momentous event that could havebeen the climax of the Filipino struggle for independence.Tensions continued between the two allies as America confirmed its motive tokeep the Philippines by establishing a military government in the country. The breakingpoint finally happened in February 4, 1899 when an American sentry fired up and killedtwo unarmed Filipino soldiers who were trying to cross into the American-held sector nearSan Juan Bridge in the suburb of Manila. Fighting immediately erupted and the wellarmed Americans, following a pre-arranged plan, easily overwhelmed the ill-preparedFilipino forces. Request of the Filipinos for a cease-fire was ignored as AmericanCommander General Otis tersely declared: “Fighting having been begun must go on untilthe grim end.”Within a month, the Filipino capital in Malolos fell to the Americans and thePhilippine government suffered from serious division within its ranks.4
In the United States, the American senators were made to believe that the Filipinosstarted the fighting. They ratified the Treaty of Paris whose discussion, until then, had beendeadlocked. US President McKinley began to set in motion the task of governing the formerSpanish colony. Addressing the US Congress, McKinley declared, “The Philippines are ours not toexploit, but to develop, civilize, educate and to train in the science of self-government.” In hisinstructions to the first and the second Philippine Commission, McKinley explained in effect thatthe US came to the Philippines not to conquer the Filipinos but to work for their benefits andwelfare.Ang sumusunod ay karagdagang impormasyon na Sipi mula sa “Readings in the History ofFilipino Society” ni Erlinda Dizon, et al. pahina 102 – 103 upang mapalalim ang iyongpagtalakay sa Imperyalismo, ekspansyon at Manifest destiny ng United States.“Manifest Destiny and the Philippine American War”Bernardita R. Churchill(Bernardita R. Churchill is a Professor in history at the University of the Philippines and DeLa Salle University Department of History)The United States has gone to war for many objectives; Americans have beenwilling to fight for their interests, their beliefs, and their ambitions. In 1898, the UnitedStates went to war, ostensibly, for “humanity and empire”. The events of 1898 leading tothe Philippine-American War from 1899 date to the middle of the nineteenth centurywhen a confluence circumstances or events transformed the United States into animperial nation with the acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. The startingpoint was, of course, the situation in sugar-rich Cuba, lying off the southern doorstep ofthe US mainland. Historian H. Wayne Morgan summarizes the diplomacy that precededthe Spanish-American War and the resulting conflict and American expansion thus:(1) The United States pursued a long logical and understandable peace policytoward Cuba, attempting to force Spain to reform the island and remove theissue from world affairs. The Spanish failure to do so provoked the Americanintervention in 1898. (2) The United States had legitimate strategic,commercial, and humanitarian reasons for pursuing that policy and for beingso deeply concerned over Cuba’s fate. (3) The McKinley administration didnot “surrender” to any sudden or inexplicable war hysteria after the Mainesank in Havana. The greatly overrated “yellow press” did not force thePresident to free Cuba. American’s Cuban policy had held the threat ofintervention since the days of Grant. By intervening in 1898, the McKinleyadministration merely with the question of motivation, accepted its inabilityto solve the Cuban issue peacefully. (4) The United States acquired Hawaii,the Philippine Islands, and other outposts of empire as part of a consciousprogram of extending American power into the arena of international politicsand trade and not by accident or default.5
Actually the Literature of American Imperialism, or “expansionism”, as someAmerican Historians would call it, define in terms of the motivation and expectations ofAmerican expansionists who advocated a “large policy in the 1890’s or were concernedspecifically with decision to annex the Philippines, is immense, although perhaps muchof the materials are not always available to Philippine academics. The literature hasdealt with the general terms of the historiographic debates on the leadership of WilliamMcKinley, American intervention on the Spanish-Cuban War, American expansionism inthe Pacific, including the Philippines and the emergence of the United States as animperialist power. American historians have written works considering and reconsidering the various motivations of American policy in acquiring and governing thePhilippines, invoking such explanation as the rise of “a collective psychic crisis” thatdemanded war and empire, naval and military strategy, the China trade and othercommercial and general economic factors, religious expansionism and humanitarianconcerns in view of Filipino incapacity for self-government. These, it has been claimed,in general, explain America’s perceived sense of mission, “manifest destiny,” andChristian duty. With a few exceptions, these works have tended to be heavily focusedon the relevance of these issues for American history and sense of identity. In otherwords, they looked at domestic and completely the significance of these issues in thelarger context of the other imperial players such as Spain, already a “dying nation” in1898, Britain, then still a very much a vigorous, established imperial nation but willing toacquiesce to sudden urge of American expansionism, and even Germany, a watchful inthe imperialistic maneuverings in the Pacific.Ang sumusunod ay karagdagang impormasyon na Sipi mula sa “Readings in the History ofFilipino Society” ni Erlinda Dizon, et al. pahina 108 – 113 upang mapalalim ang iyong pagtalakaysa Imperyalismo, ekspansyon at Manifest destiny ng United States.“Manifest Destiny” and the PhilippinesIt is probably safe to apply the term “Manifest Destiny” to the ideology of expansionthat informed the history of American expansionism at the turn of the century, whichresulted in the annexation of the Philippines. Contemporary Historians now accept thenotion that there was a certain consistency in US continental outlook, regardless of party,sectional, or economic affiliation. The ideology of expansion was not developed in thedecade of the 1890s, as has previously been veered, but was the logical outcome of policy ofeconomic expansion pursued by but not originally with, William McKinley, convinced thatAmerica was, or would soon be, suffering from over production. Administration from Grantto McKinley constantly sought to protect those markets America had and expand into thoseshe had not. The overall aim was the same: not an old fashioned territorial empire, but a“new empire,” whose rationale was commercial, whose style was “anti-colonial,” thus givingfull weight to the economic rhetoric of the late 1880s and 1890s. This scenario, however,ignored or played down the religious, political, national, and racist rhetoric, which wasequally prominent.6
Serious American interest in the acquisition of Cuba and Sto. Domingo canbe traced back to the days of the Jefferson Administration while the writing of JohnQuincy Adams clearly demonstrated early and continued interest in the Americandevelopment of an isthmian canal; likewise, in the Pacific, the desire to acquire theHawaiian Islands certainly antedated the Civil War. It was William H. Seward,secretary of State during the Lincoln and Johnson Administrations, who envisionedan expansionist master plan of an integrated empire that would be developed alongcarefully programmed lines, beginning with a strong continental base (includingCanada and Latin America), and moving systematically from an insular network inthe Caribbean across the way stations of the Pacific, by means of an isthmian canaland Hawaii, toward the ultimate goal of Asia.Julius W. Pratt, recognized as one of the foremost students on the history ofAmerican expansionism, sought to demonstrate in his various works the continuityof the ideology of “Manifest Destiny” in the American expansionist tradition.Despite the changing currents of time and circumstance, the principal commondenominator in each instance was an appeal to the Deity of sanction what had beendone- or was about to be done- a form of self-righteous moralism. It has beenobserved that Americans had never learned to do wrong knowingly; that wheneverthey compromise with principle or abandon it, they invariably find a piousjustification for their action this was true in the history of American territorialexpansion – for every step in that process ingenious minds have found the best ofreasons. Thus in 1898, for instance, when William McKinley alleged that he haddivine sanction for taking the Philippines, it has been found possible to fit eachsuccessive acquisition of territory into the pattern of things decreed by divine will orinescapable destiny- pious or fatalistic justification – fulfilling the design ofProvidence or Laws of Nature.The idea of destiny, which presided over and guide American expansion, hasrarely, if ever, been absent from the national consciousness. The precise characterof that destiny, however, as well as the ultimate goal to which it points, have variedwith the ideas and circumstance. One of its earliest forms was labelled geographicaldeterminism. Certain contiguous areas were thought of as surely destined forannexation because their location made them naturally part of the United States.These divinely fixed natural boundaries would vision Canada in the North; Florida,Cuba and Texas in the south and southwest; and the rocky Mountains, Oregon andthe shores of the Pacific in the west to be eventually drawn under the American flag.This divine mind also decreed the type of political organism, which should dominatethe divinely fixed natural boundaries of the United States. This would be democracy,which would spread throughout the American continent. Thus, happily foundedupon the perfect principle of equality and exampled growth in numbers, the UnitedStates was destined to a unique success.Thus “manifest destiny,” which must be thought of us embracing all theideas hitherto considered-geographical determinism, the superiority of democraticinstitutions, the superior fecundity, stamina, and ability of the white race- became ajustification for almost any addition of territory, which the United States had the willand the power to obtain.7
There was a continuity of the ideas of manifest destiny from 1850-1870, with thefollowing principal grounds used in the analysis of expansionist arguments in this period:economic value, strategic value to the navy, extension of republican institutions, andgeographic determinism.Following the publication of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species (1859), thesuperiority of the Anglo-Saxon race was further reaffirmed. This powerful race, guided byDestiny and Duty, it was contented, had the right “in the economy of the world to assumethe leadership in the establishment and administration of States.” Especially where theycalled “to carry the political civilization of the modern world into those parts of the worldinhabited by unpolitical and barbaric races; i.e., they must have a colonial policy. Ifbarbaric peoples resisted the civilizing efforts of the political nations, the latter mightrightly reduce them to subjection or clear their territory of their presence. If a populationwere not barbaric but merely incompetent politically, then [the superior race] might“righteously assume sovereignty over, and undertake to create State order for such apolitically incompetent population.”The greatest controversy in the historiographic debate on American expansioncenters on the American involvement in the Philippines, militarily, diplomatically, andpolitically. The records of the Navy department reveal, and the memoirs of GeorgeDewey confirm, that as early as 1873, the United States contemplated an attack upon theSpanish base at Manila. This idea was revived and contingency battle plans were ordereddrawn up in the waning months of the second Cleveland Administration. Following thedestruction of the Maine, the Philippines assumed a prominent role in Administrationthinking. Contrary to long-accepted view that Theodore Roosevelt was primarilyresponsible for preparing Dewey’s dramatic descent upon Manila, the documents clearlyindicate that similar and more comprehensive orders had been sent to Dewey at thebehest of McKinley a week prior to Roosevelt’s famous cable of 25 February 1898. Inaddition, the papers of John Bassett Moore, then serving as Assistance Secretary of Stateand charged with the task of drawing up a draft peace settlement following Dewey’svictory at Manila Bay, offer further revealing insights into Roosevelt’s thinking at thistime. As late as 9 May 1898, more than a week after the Administration learned ofDewey s defeat of the Spanish fleet, Roosevelt, upon hearing Moore s orders, personallyvisited him and far beyond” what Roosevelt considered to be the proper perimeters ofAmerican governmental control. Other
5. Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano PS #6 Historical markers ng Unang Putok ng Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano 8.Nauugnay ang impormasyon sa timeline sa konteksto ng mga primaryang sanggunian 9.Naipaliliwanag kung paano naapektuhan ng kontekstong historical ang nilalaman, perspektiba at kahala
malapyudal na naghaharing sistema, ang pambansa-demokratikong kilusan ay matatag na lumalaban sa dayuhang monopolyo kapitalismo lokal na pyudalismo at burukratang kapitalismo. Ipinabatid sa akin na mula noong 1987 ay ginagamit na sa rebolusyonaryong kilusan ang Philippine Crisis and Revolution bilang isang materyal sa pag-aaral. Ang
Sining at Kultura 27 Tula: Eleksyon Ni Elmer Aresgado 28 Tula: Takipsilim Ni Sarah Jane Espiritu 29 Maikling Kwento: Ebolusyon Ni Rene Bornilla 32 Tula: Pamana ng Hiyas mong Buhay Ay Lantay na Pagkamakabayan Ni L. Balgos Delacruz 33 Parangal: Jovito Salonga Mula sa Kilusan
Sa Unang Yunit ng aklat ay matatanto ang kahalagahan ng populasyon, kalusugan, at edukasyon, ang pagkilala sa tao bilang pinakamahalagang yaman ng bansa, at masusuri ang mga bumubuo sa sambayanang Pilipino. Matatalakay rin ang tungkol sa mga pagpapahalaga at paniniwala ng mga Pilipino. Mapag-aalaman sa Ikalawang Yunit ang heograpiya ng .
Matapos ang aralin, bigyang-diin ang mga kaisipan na nakatala sa kahon. Mayroon kang mga pisikal na katangian na naiiba sa iyong mga Tandaan kamag-aral tulad ng thumb print, sukat o laki ng katawan, hugis ng mukha, tangos ng ilong, hugis at kulay ng mata, at ang kulay at anyo ng buhok. Na
Las 7 claves para preparar un ultratrail Para carreras XXS, date 3-4 meses para prepararlas. Para carreras XS, date 4 meses para prepararlas. Para carreras S, date 5-6 meses para prepararlas Para carreras M y superiores, date al menos 6 meses para prepararlas. Hasta Categoría S, máximo 50% más duro. Para Categorías M y L, máximo 40% más duro.
La discapacidad física es una condición funcional del cuerpo humano que puede ocasionar dificultad o imposibilidad motriz; es decir para caminar, para correr, para tomar cosas en las manos, para subir gradas, para levantarse, para sentarse, para mantener el equilibrio, para controlar esfínteres, para acceder a lugares que tengan barreras físicas, etc. Si la persona usa silla de ruedas .
sistema. Hinawakan ng sambaya-nang Pilipino ang pampulitikang ka-pangyarihan at ginamit iyon para yanigin ang mga naghaharing uri. . sa-demokratikong kilusan na dala ang pinakamatatatag na pwersang matagal nang lumalaban sa dikta-dura. Sinuong nito ang buong haba
NORTH LANARKSHIRE COUNCIL AGmA REPORT 1 1 I I 1 1 IFROM: QR8FSocWWoRK PERlQD Ollff109 - 16mm I I SoClAtWoRK DATE : 16 SEPTEMBER1896 Ref. : EMch I I 1 1. introduction This report compares actual expenditure and income against estimates both for the year to date and the prc@cted &-turn. Explanations are provided for the major &-turn variance.
