GRADE 10 SCIENCE Administered April 2009

STUDENT NAMETexas Assessmentof Knowledge and SkillsGRADE 10SCIENCEAdministered April 2009Copyright 2009, Texas Education Agency. All rights reserved. Reproduction of all or portions of this work is prohibitedwithout express written permission from the Texas Education Agency.

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FORMULA CHARTDensity massvolumeD mvchange in( heator gained) ( mass )( temperature)( specificlostheat )Q (m)(ΔT)(Cp )Speed distance traveledtimefinal velocity initial velocityAcceleration change in timev Momentum mass velocityp mvForce mass accelerationF maWork force distanceW FdPower dtvf via ΔtWtWO% 100WIworktimeP work output 100work input1Kinetic energy 2 (mass velocity 2)% efficiency KE mv 22Gravitational potential energy mass acceleration due to gravity heightPE mghEnergy mass (speed of light) 2E mc 2Velocity of a wave frequency wavelengthv fλCurrent voltageresistanceI VRElectrical power voltage currentP VIElectrical energy power timeE PtConstants/Conversionsg acceleration due to gravity 9.8 m/s 2c speed of light 3 10 8 m/sspeed of sound 343 m/s at sea level and 20 C1 cm 3 1 mL1 wave cycle/second 1 hertz (Hz)1 calorie (cal) 4.18 joules1000 calories (cal) 1 Calorie (Cal) 1 kilocalorie (kcal)newton (N) kgm/s 2joule (J) Nmwatt (W) J/s Nm/svolt (V)Page 5ampere (A)ohm (Ω)

Page ordiumActinide SeriesLanthanide tunium237.048Np93Praseodymium Neodymium 6Tungsten183.84W74Molybdenum Sb51Arsenic74.922As33PhosphorusNameMass numbers in parentheses are those ofthe most stable or most common 46Cu2910.815VBBBe5Li13IIIA41.00834IVBAtomic mass2IIA3IIIBSi28.086SymbolSilicon14Atomic numberHydrogenH1Group1IAPeriodic Table of the lium4.0026Revised November 30, ur32.066S16Oxygen15.999O816VIAHe218VIIIA

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DIRECTIONSRead each question and choose the best answer. Then fill in the correct answer on your answerdocument.SAMPLE AWhen a 10% hydrochloric acid solution isheated in an open test tube, the test tubeshould always be pointed —Aso bubbles are visibleBat a 180 angle from the flameCtoward a ventilated areaDaway from nearby peoplePage 8GO ON

SAMPLE BMass 40 gVolume 20 mLThe picture shows a cube that contains 20 mL of a solution. The solution has a mass of 40 grams. What isthe density in g/mL of this solution? Record and bubble in your answer on the answer document.Page 9

1An experiment requires the use of a lab apron,goggles, and insulated mitts or beaker tongs.The purpose of these safety items is primarilyto protect against —Arelease of hazardous gasesBhot materials and spills of harmful liquidsCcontamination of chemicals and glasswareDstaining of lab clothingPage 10GO ON

2In which of the following circuits will all of the remaining lightbulbs continue to operate if the fifthlightbulb fails?122F35314514H123GJ5Page 1142354GO ON

Site12343Contaminant Yield 2967279041450291126132025The table shows samples of contaminated soil from four different sites. In the sample from Site 3,which contaminant is present in the greatest concentration?ACadmiumBCopperCLeadDZinc1. THE CAT SAW THE FAT RAT2. THE CAT SAW THE RAT4The change in Statement 1 to formStatement 2 is most similar to what type hiftPage 12GO ON

Temperature( C)0566560555045403530252015105How does using killed or weakened bacteria inan immunization help the body preventinfections?FAntibodies are formed that fight thosetypes of bacteria.GThe body develops a fever that killsbeneficial bacteria.HBacterial reproductive cycles aredisrupted.JBacteria-fighting viruses are activated.1 2 3 4 5Time(h)The graph shows the interior temperature of abox with a heat lamp shining on its outsidewalls. The best estimate of the interiortemperature after 5 hours is —A50 CB55 CC60 CD65 CPage 137The Pioneer 10 spacecraft was launched inMarch 1972 to explore the solar system.Pioneer 10 has continued on its journey and isnow traveling beyond the solar system. Whichstatement best explains why Pioneer 10continues to travel farther out into space?AFor every action force, there is an equaland opposite reaction force.BObjects in space accelerate at a greaterrate than objects on Earth.CThe force of the solar wind propels objectsthrough space at a constant speed.DObjects in motion will remain in motionunless acted on by unbalanced forces.GO ON

Magnet Heating Time(h)12389244896Average Massof Iron Lifted(g)161210Three identical magnets are heated to 50 C for different lengths of time. The strength of the magnets isdetermined by the mass of iron they attract and then lift to a height of 1 meter. The data obtained areshown in the table above. Which question is best answered by this investigation?FDoes the elemental composition of a magnet determine its magnetic strength?GWill the mass of iron that is lifted be affected by the length of the magnet?HDoes the amount of time a magnet is heated affect its strength?JWill an electric current heat a magnet?One example of a genetic variation within abird species is individual organisms having —Abeaks of different lengthsBbroken wingsCdouble-stranded DNADpairs of chromosomesPage 14GO ON

11Na2CO3 solutionSome students are testing water samples fromdifferent ponds. Exactly 20 milliliters of wateris needed for each test. Students shouldmeasure the samples using a —A25 mL graduated cylinderB25 mL beakerC50 mL measuring cupD50 mL flaskWhite solidCaCl2 solution10A student added a small amount of sodiumcarbonate solution (Na2CO3) to a test tubecontaining calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution.A white solid immediately appeared. Whatconclusion can be made from this experiment?FHeat is generated by the chemicalreaction.GAt least one product of the reaction isinsoluble.HSodium carbonate is less soluble thancalcium chloride.JThe chemical reaction requires energy tooccur.Page 15GO ON

MitochondrionCytoplasmCell membraneLysosomeSmooth ERRough ERVacuoleNucleusRibosomeGolgi body1213In animal cells like the one shown above, which organelle is used for storing water?FNucleusGMitochondrionHRibosomeJVacuoleLiana plants are woody vines that grow onsome trees in rain forests. These climbingplants are most likely adapted for —Acompeting with other plants for oxygenBpreventing predators from eatingbeneficial insectsCgrowing through layers of foliage to reachavailable sunlightDabsorbing some of the nutrients found inthe soilPage 16GO ON

35DCoietlaCo5mlaL355mL1415A diet cola and a regular cola in identical cans are each placed in separate beakers containing water.Which of the following conclusions is the best for the experiment shown above?FThe diet cola is less dense than the regular cola.GThe diet cola has fewer calories than the regular cola.HThere is more buoyant force on the can of diet cola than on the regular cola.JThere is more liquid in the can of diet cola than in the regular cola.Why will knowledge of the human genomeenable scientists to better understand proteinsinvolved in human diseases?ADNA contains the information used tomake proteins.BNucleic acid molecules have shapessimilar to those of proteins.CThe bases that make up DNA are alsopresent in RNA.DChromosomes can combine to formproteins.Page 1716When copper and oxygen chemically unite,they form —Fan ionGa gasHa compoundJa mixtureGO ON

Reflects 100% of sunlight yet allows you to see outsidewithout annoying light and glare in your roomONLY 19.95 per square meter17The advertisement for the Magic Window Shade is inaccurate because —Asome light must enter a window in order for people to see outBfew substances can block light from window glassCreflected light causes some unwanted light insideDunwanted light must be refracted in order to be blockedPage 18GO ON

An open circulatory system is one in which the tissues in anorganism are bathed directly in circulatory fluid that is notentirely contained in vessels. A closed circulatory system is one in which the blood flowsthrough a network of vessels that form a closed loop.18Which of the following shows an example of an open circulatory asshopperAmphibianPage 19GO ON

Phylogenetic TreeVirusQSRTT cellWUV211920According to this phylogenetic tree, whichorganism is most closely related toOrganism V?AQBUCWDXWhich of the following would most increasethe rate at which magnesium nitrate dissolvesin a liquid solvent?FIncreasing the pressure on the liquidGKeeping the liquid still and undisturbedHLowering the temperature of the liquidJBreaking the crystals into smaller piecesPage 20 CORBISX22The photograph above shows a virus attackinga human T cell (immune cell). Which diseasecould result if many T cells are destroyed inthis manner?AAIDSBTuberculosisCChicken poxDMultiple sclerosisIf a 2.0 kg mass is moving at a constantvelocity of 15 m/s, what is its momentum inkg · m/s? Record and bubble in your answer onthe answer document.GO ON

23Two students added a piece of zinc to asolution of hydrochloric acid in an openbeaker. The mass of the products was found tobe less than the total mass of the reactants.Which of the following statements bestexplains the loss of mass?AZinc metal is more dense than the acid.BThe chemical activity of the aciddestroyed metal atoms.CA gas was released during the reaction.DSome of the zinc atoms failed to react.Page 2124SamplepHWXYZ7.13.35.2A student records the pH values of threesamples and is asked to predict the pH of afourth sample. The student is told thatSample Z is less acidic than Sample X butmore acidic than Sample Y. Which of thefollowing is a valid conclusion about the pH ofSample Z?FIt is less than 3.3.GIt is between 3.3 and 5.2.HIt is between 5.2 and 7.1.JIt is greater than 7.1.GO ON

SecondaryconsumersPrimaryconsumersProducers25The diagram above shows a simplified food pyramid. The number of organisms is generally smaller atthe top than at the bottom because organisms at the top usually —Ahave more offspringBhave more predatorsCadapt more quicklyDrequire more energyPage 22GO ON

2627Some members of the pumpkin family produceroots capable of storing large amounts ofwater. Some of these roots have a mass ofabout 30 kg. In which type of environment arethese plants most likely found?28Botanists cross a heterozygous (Pp) planthaving purple flowers with a homozygous (pp)plant having white flowers. About whatpercentage of the offspring will have 5%What color will a ripe strawberry appear to beunder these lights if no other light is present?ABlueBGreenCWhiteDRedPage 23GO ON

Use the information below and your knowledge of science to answer questions 29–31.Cave CricketsWhen acidic rainwater dissolves limestone over millions of years, weathering causes small openings inrock to become larger. A network of underground passages and caves forms. The type of landform resultingfrom this process is called karst topography.Courtesy of U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceKarst CaveKarst caves in the Texas Hill Country provide habitats for many animal species, including frogs,salamanders, rattlesnakes, porcupines, and cave crickets. Cave crickets, which belong to the genusCeuthophilus, live on the cave floors and lay eggs in the caves. Cave crickets exit the caves most nights tofind food. These cave crickets consume a wide variety of food, including fungi, plant material, and deadinsects.Page 24GO ON

2930How do cave crickets affect the food web towhich they belong?ACave crickets increase the amount ofabiotic resources.BCave crickets provide nutrients to othercave-dwelling organisms.CCave crickets reduce the number ofpredators in a cave.DCave crickets compete with producers.31The cells of cave crickets release energythrough the process of —AphotosynthesisBrespirationCDNA replicationDprotein synthesisA researcher wants to determine the averagenumber of cave crickets that exit a certaincave in the first two hours after sunset. Thebest procedure for collecting precise data inthis investigation is to count cricketsexiting —Fthe cave on several nights and calculatethe average valueGthe cave for 15 minutes on one night andmultiply by 8Hthe caves in the surrounding area onseveral nights and calculate the averagevalueJthe cave during one night and use thisvaluePage 25GO ON