Effects Of Global Warming Lesson Plan

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EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMINGLesson Concepts: Students will read an article on one effect of climate change (global warming) in smallgroups. They will answer questions on this article and fill in a graphic organizer. The graphic organizerwill be presented to the class. After all presentations, each group of students will develop a graphicorganizer that looks at the causes, implications, and solutions to the eight different effects of global warmingdiscussed in the articles.Learning Objectives — Students will be able to: Explain how climate change affects hurricanes, wildfires,animal populations, human health and allergies, and sea levels. Present information to their peers. Read and understand information on how to combat theeffects of climate change.Link to Air -The Search for One Clean Breath from ExecutiveProducer Barbara L. PageIn the film we visit Dr. Robert Mulvaney at the BritishAntarctic Survey Programme in Cambridge, England.Dr. Mulvaney is an international ice core expert. He linkshis ice core research to climate change. Climate change isa result of the increased production of greenhouse gasesand has long-reaching and severe effects.Materials1. Four copies of the following articles and their correspondingworksheet and graphic organizer: Why Global Warming May Be Fueling Australia’s FiresHow Climate Change Will Impact AnimalsCan Climate Change Make Us Sicker?Is Global Warming Worsening Hurricanes?Could Rising Seas Swallow California’s Coast?Allergies Getting Worse? Blame Global Warming?Why Global Warming Portends a Food CrisisThe Dire Fate of Forests in a Warmer World2. Choose one of the following articles. Make a copy for each student. A Last Warning on Global Warming Is Global Warming Drowning Africa?3. Eight pieces of butcher paper for presenting graphic organizers.4. One pack of markers per group.Advanced PreparationMake copies of handouts as directed in the Materials section.Time and Student GroupingTwo to four 50 minute class periods; three or four students per group.Global Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 1Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CAGrade Level: 9-12California Science Standards:HS Earth Science 6.c. Students know how Earth’sclimate has changed over time, corresponding tochanges in Earth’s geography, atmosphericcomposition, and other factors, such as solar radiationand plate movement.HS Earth Science 6.d. Students know how computermodels are used to predict the effects of the increase ingreenhouse gases on climate for the planet as a wholeand for specific regions.National Science Standard:Grade 9-12 Science & Technology Content Standard FEducation and the Environment InitiativeEducational Principles and ConceptsPrinciple IV: The exchange of matter between naturalsystems and human societies affects the long-termfunctioning of both. As a basis for understanding thisprinciple:Concept a. Students need to know that the effects ofhuman activities on natural systems are directly relatedto the quantities of resources consumed and to thequantity and characteristics of the resulting byproducts.Concept b. Students need to know that the byproductsof human activity are not readily prevented fromentering natural systems and may be beneficial, neutral,or detrimental in their effect.VocabularyClimate change: long term, significantchange in the climate of an area or of theearth, usually seen as resulting fromhuman activity.Global warming: the gradual increase inthe overall temperature of the earth’satmosphere due to the greenhouse effectcaused by increased levels of carbondioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and otherpollutants.Extinction: the state or process of ceasingor causing something to cease to exist.Asthma: a respiratory condition markedby spasms in the bronchi of the lungs,causing difficulty in breathing. It usuallyresults from an allergic reaction or otherforms of hypersensitivity.

Teacher BackgroundSince the Industrial Revolution, there has been a significant increase in the amount of carbon dioxide andother greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As a result, more of the solar radiation reaching the surface of theEarth is absorbed causing a significant increase in the average temperature worldwide (see graphic below).Scientists have predicted that the average temperature of the Earth will increase by at least 3.6 F. Whilethis does not seem like a large change, it is very significant. The last ice age was caused by a decrease inaverage temperatures of less than 2 F. The predicted increase in average temperature has severeconsequences including rising sea levels, more intense hurricanes, increased disease, increased extinctions,and food shortages.Teacher TipsIt may be helpful to use an electronicclassroom polling system to conduct theinterest inventory if this technology isavailable. A Last Warning on GlobalWarming, Is Global Warming DrowningAfrica?, and Global Warming is Hot Stuff,are articles that discuss many effects ofclimate change. It is up to teachers tochoose the article that best meets the needsof their classroom. Climate Change andGlobal Warming are both terms that referto the increase of the average temperatureon Earth. While there are differencesbetween these two terms, they are usedinterchangeably throughout this ming2.htmProcedureDay 11. Start by having students take the Climate Change pre-quiz. (5 minutes) For advanced students, you may wantto add additional questions.2. Poll the class to tabulate student answers.3. Explain to students that they will find the answers by reading articles on the effects of climate change.4. Read either A Last Warning on Global Warming ( reading level of 10.7) or Is Global Warming DrowningAfrica? (reading level of 12.0) as a class.5. Have students list the causes and effects of climate change.6. Each group will look at one effect in more detail by reading an article and answering questions and filling in agraphic organizer. Hand these out to each group.7. After answering the questions, have each group fill in the graphic organizer and enlarge it on the butcherpaper.Day 21. Each group will present their graphic organizer to the class. While other groups are presenting, studentsshould be copying down the graphic organizers.2. After the presentations, students should work in their groups to construct an overall concept map for the causesand effects of climate change.Closure: Have students take the Climate Change post-quiz.Global Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 2Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

Assessment: Climate Change post quiz, graphic organizers.Extensions: This could be developed into a full research paper where students further investigate theeffects of climate change and how to combat them.Homework: /ce/eek/earth/air/global.htmIs Global Warming cle/0,8599,1664429,00.htmlA Last Warning on le/0,8599,1685199,00.htmlThe Dire Fate of Forests in aWarmer 9,1891121,00.htmlWhy Global Warming Portendsa Food 99,1870766,00.htmlAllergies Getting Worse?Blame Global 599,1841125,00.htmlCould Rising Seas SwallowCalifornia’s 99,1884618,00.htmlIs Global Warming h/article/0,8599,1839281,00.htmlCan Climate Change Make ,8599,1728139,00.htmlHow Climate Change WillImpact 8599,1849698,00.htmlWhy Global Warming May BeFueling Australia’s 9,1878220,00.htmlGlobal Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 3Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

Climate Change QuizFor each of the following statements circle whether you think it is true or false. Afterreading articles on climate change you will review these statements again and see ifyour answers have changed.Pre-quizPost-quiz1.Warmer temperatures will lead to increased food supplies due tolonger growing seasons.TFTF2.Warmer temperatures are NOT responsible for the recentincreased severity of hurricanes.TFTF3.Warmer temperatures are causing Arctic sea ice to melt, which isincreasing sea levels.TFTF4.Climate change is expected to be responsible for the extinctionof 30% of current animal species.TFTF5.Forests will not be affected by climate change because trees arevery hardy species.TFTF6.People in the United States may be at risk for malaria iftemperatures continue to rise.TFTF7.Allergies and asthma will get better because of the decrease inhumidity associated with climate change.TFTF8.Wild fires will be more intense and more frequent in the future.TFTF9.Climate change will only cause a small increase in temperatures.TFTF10.Climate change is something that will affect future generations,it is NOT happening now.TFTFGlobal Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 4Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

Climate Change Quiz KeyFor each of the following statements circle whether you think it is true or false. Afterreading articles on climate change you will review these statements again and see ifyour answers have LSEWild fires will be more intense and more frequent in the future.TFTF9.TRUEClimate change will only cause a small increase in temperatures.TFTFTFTF2.3.4.5.6.7.10.Warmer temperatures will lead to increased food supplies due tolonger growing seasons.FALSEWarmer temperatures are NOT responsible for the recentincreased severity of hurricanes.FALSEWarmer temperatures are causing Arctic sea ice to melt, which isincreasing sea levels.FALSE, sea ice does not contribute to rising sea levelsClimate change is expected to be responsible for the extinctionof 30% of current animal species.TRUEForests will not be affected by climate change because trees arevery hardy species.FALSEPeople in the United States may be at risk for malaria iftemperatures continue to rise.TRUEAllergies and asthma will get better because of the decrease inhumidity associated with climate change.Post-quizTRUE (but the changes will be significant)Climate change is something that will affect future generations,it is NOT happening now.FALSEGlobal Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 5Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

Allergies Getting Worse? Blame Global Warming?One of the few potentially positive effects of climatechange, at least in the short term, is that increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may enhancethe growth of plants. That could be good for agriculture —though warming temperatures and changing rain patterns in awarmer world might wipe out that advantage. But there areno unalloyed gifts from climate change. Recent research suggests that global warmingwill also exacerbate respiratory allergies, as higher CO2 concentrations lead to vastincreases in ragweed pollen production. "There's no denying there's a change," saysPaul Ratner, an immunologist with the American College of Allergies. "It's definitelybad news for people who have allergies."Asthma and other respiratory ailments are already on the rise in much of the world.The World Health Organization estimates that 300 million people globally have asthma,with 250,000 dying from the disease each year. That rate is up considerably over thepast few decades, and scientists say a number of factors could be at work. One clearreason is rising levels of ragweed pollen — which can be connected directly to risinglevels of CO2. Researchers have shown repeatedly that elevated levels of CO2 stimulate weeds to produce pollen out of proportion with their growth rates — meaning youget more pollen per plant, which means more allergies. Even worse, it seems that theweediest species seem to thrive disproportionately in high CO2 environments. Thewave of urbanization in America and much of the world doesn't help — the urban environment, often hotter and with more CO2than rural areas, is ragweed heaven. "Urbanplaces, because of the baking effect of that increased concrete, definitely pollinatemore," says Ratner. It doesn't help that warming will also increase the production ofground-level ozone, a respiratory irritant that worsens asthma.Longer growing seasons in a warmer world may further worsen allergies. A study inSeptember's Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology reported data from 1982 to2001 showing that, for example, increasingly early pollination of the European olive inSpain led to higher overall pollen counts, similar to what is found in warmer parts ofthe Mediterranean; comparable outcomes can be expected in other temperate parts ofthe world as climate change kicks in. A similar effect will also be felt in the northwardshift of what is known as the hardiness zones — meaning that northern countrieswhere allergies were once rare may no longer be as safe. "Those borderline northernregions will definitely feel changes," says Ratner.Global Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 6Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

The causes of allergies and respiratory disorders are complex, and scientists cannotpredict exactly how much impact climate change will have on their global rates. Butthe recent data — records on pollen counts rarely go back more than 20 years —certainly would indicate that warming will only make things worse. So, what can bedone to help millions of sneezing, watery-eyed patients? As allergy sufferers alreadyknow, not a whole lot. But any action taken to control rising CO2 levels might at leasthelp stem the increase in global allergy rates. So far, the global asthma epidemicshows no signs of abating, and in a warmer world, effective treatments for allergieswill likely become even more important. One option for allergy suffers might be tostart agitating for action to reduce CO2 emissions — after all, the only thing you haveto lose is your breath.Source: Time Magazine, Bryan Walsh, September 15, 9,1841125,00.htmlGlobal Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 7Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

Allergies and Climate Change1. How many people currently have asthma?2. How many people die from asthma each year?3. What is one reason for the recent increase of people with asthma?4. What are two causes mentioned in the article for the rise in ragweed pollen?5. What is a second reason that asthma will be worse if average temperatures continueto increase?6. What will warmer temperatures do to growing seasons? How will this affect allergies?7. What solution is offered to combat this issue? How will this help?Global Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 8Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

Allergies and Climate Change Key1. How many people currently have asthma?300 million2. How many people die from asthma each year?250,000 per year3. What is one reason for the recent increase of people with asthma?Rising level of ragweed pollen4. What are two causes mentioned in the article for the rise in ragweed pollen?Increase in CO2 concentrationIncreased temperatures with urbanization5. What is a second reason that asthma will be worse if average temperatures continueto increase?Warming increases ozone which is an asthma irritant6. What will warmer temperatures do to growing seasons? How will this affect allergies?Early pollination and longer growing season. Records indicate that warming will makeallergies worse.7. What solution is offered to combat this issue? How will this help?Control rising CO2 levels will reduce global warming.Global Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 9Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

AllergiesGlobal Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 10Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

How Climate Change Will Impact AnimalsThe threats to wildlife on the African island of Madagascarare manifold: rampant deforestation that has stripped most ofthe island of its original forest cover, leaving a wasteland; ahuman population that is growing at 3% a year, strainingnatural resources and hunting animals for food, especiallyMadagascar's emblematic lemurs; extractive industry, including a nickel mine not far from a national park that couldbecome the world's biggest.There's another danger that's invisible, but may be more dangerous than the others puttogether: climate change. Global warming will do to wildlife what it may do to humans.As the climate changes, animals may be forced to move out of the habitats they're accustomed to — like human refugees. "Global warming is something that all conservationists are worried about," says Russell Mittermeier, the president of Conservation International. "It has the possibility to undo a lot of the work we've done."While the impact of climate change on human populations is likely to be dire, we'repretty good at adapting to change overall. Animals, however, are not. When theirhabitats change irrevocably — when the rain forest dries up or cool mountains in tropicalzones heat up — animals may simply go extinct. A recent study in Science demonstrateshow that can happen. Robert Colwell, an evolutionary biologist at the University ofConnecticut, analyzed data from nearly 2,000 species of plants, insects and fungi in thetropics, where organisms often lack the ability to escape warming temperatures by goingnorth or south; instead, they have to go up in elevation to find cooler temperatures.Colwell found that as populations in lowland areas move up, they tend not to be replaced.That means that we may see a reduction in overall biodiversity and what scientists call"species richness." Meanwhile, species that already live at the highest elevations haveno place to go, except perhaps to extinction. Case in point: the Golden Toad, which livedin the high-altitude cloud forests of Costa Rica and suddenly went extinct. Its disappearance may be due in part to warming, which made its habitat unlivable.The toad may be the first animal whose extinction scientists will link to global warming,but it certainly won't be the last. Last year, the U.N.'s Intergovernmental Panel onClimate Change estimated that if global temperatures increase more than two to threedegrees Farenheit above current levels — which seems quite possible, given currenttrends in carbon emissions — up to one-third of the species on Earth could be at riskfor extinction. "We're already seeing nature react badly to climate change," says LarrySchweiger, the president of the National Wildlife Federation. "We're changing therules of the game."Global Warming Lesson. Air -The Search for One Clean Breath. Page 11Ventura County Air Pollution Control District, Ventura, CA

For one thing, the grand design of conservationism is to create reserves, protectedareas like national parks where wildlife can live free from the impact of human populations. That strategy has been overwhelmingly successful, but conservationists nowfear that global warming could make those reserves meaningless, if animals that areaccustomed to a different climate can't survive in them. "We're used to focusing onprotecting real estate," says Schweiger. "Now we have to be able to make sure animalscan move to safe areas."First, conservationists say, we need to do everything we can to slow carbon emissionsand reduce the impact of climate change. "That's priority number one," says Mittermeier. But

2. Poll the class to tabulate student answers. 3. Explain to students that they will find the answers by reading articles on the effects of climate change. 4. Read either A Last Warning on Global Warming ( reading level of 10.7) or Is Global Warming Drowning Africa

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