NATIONAL REGISTER BULLETIN - National Park Service

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NATIONAL REGISTERBULLETINTechnical information on the the National Register of Historic Places:survey, evaluation, registration, and preservation of cultural resourcesU.S. Department of the InteriorNational Park ServiceCultural ResourcesNational Register, History and EducationHow to Apply the National RegisterCriteria for Evaluation

The mission of the Department of the Interior is to protect and provideaccess to our Nation's natural and cultural heritage and honor our trustresponsibilities to tribes.The National Park Service preserves unimpaired the natural and culturalresources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education,and inspiration of this and future generations. The Park Service cooperateswith partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resourceconservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world.This material is partially based upon work conducted under a cooperativeagreement with the National Conference ofState Historic Preservation Officersand the U.S. Department of the Interior.Date of publication:1990; revised 1991, 1995, 1997. Revised for Internet 1995.Cover(Top Left) Criterion B - Frederick Douglass Home, Washington, D.C. From 18771899, this was the home of Frederick Douglass, the former slave who rose to become aprominent author, abolitionist, editor, orator, and diplomat. (Walter Smalling, Jr.)(Top Right) Criterion D - Francis Canyon Ruin, Blanco vicinity, Rio ArribaCounty, New Mexico. A fortified village site composed of 40 masonry-walled roomsarranged in a cluster of four house blocks. Constructed ca. 1716-1742 for protectionagainst raiding Utes and Comanches, the site has information potential related to Navajo, Pueblo, and Spanish cultures. (Jon Samuelson)(Bottom Left) Criterion C - Bridge in Cherrytree Township, Venago County,Pennsylvania. Built in 1882, this Pratt through truss bridge is significant for engineering as a well preserved example of a type of bridge frequently used in northwesternPennsylvania in the late 19th century. (Pennsylvania Department of Transportation)(Bottom Right) Criterion A - Main Street/Market Square Historic District,Houston, Harris County, Texas. Until well into the 20th century this district markedthe bounds of public and business life in Houston. Constructed between the 1870s and1920s, the district includes Houston's municipal and county buildings, and served asthe city's wholesale, retail, and financial center. (Paul Hester)

PREFACEPreserving historic properties asimportant reflections of our Americanheritage became a national policythrough passage of the AntiquitiesAct of 1906, the Historic Sites Act of1935, and the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended.The Historic Sites Act authorized theSecretary of the Interior to identifyand recognize properties of nationalsignificance (National Historic Landmarks) in United States history andarcheology. The National HistoricPreservation Act of 1966 authorizedthe Secretary to expand this recognition to properties of local and Statesignificance in American history, architecture, archeology, engineering,and culture, and worthy of preservation. The National Register of Historic Places is the official list of theserecognized properties, and is maintained and expanded by the NationalPark Service on behalf of the Secretaryof the Interior. 1The National Register of HistoricPlaces documents the appearance andimportance of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects signifi-cant in our prehistory and history.These properties represent the majorpatterns of our shared local, S tate,and national experience. To guide theselection of properties included in theNational Register, the National ParkService has developed the NationalRegister Criteria for Evaluation.These criteria are standards by whichevery property that is nominated tothe National Register is judged. Inaddition, the National Park Servicehas developed criteria for the recognition of nationally significant properties, which are designated NationalHistoric Landmarks and prehistoricand historic units of the National ParkSystem. Both these sets of criteriawere developed to be consistent withthe Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelinesfor Archeology andHistoric Preservation, which are uniform, national standards for preservation activities. 2This publication explains how theNational Park Service applies thesecriteria in evaluating the wide rangeof properties that may be significantin local, State, and national history.It should be used by anyone whomust decide if a particular propertyqualifies for the National Register ofHistoric Places.Listing properties in the NationalRegister is an important step in a nationwide preservation process. Theresponsibility for the identification,initial evaluation, nomination, andtreatment of historic resources lieswith private individuals, State historicpreservation offices, and Federal preservation offices, local governments,and Indian tribes. The final evaluation and listing of properties in theNational Register is the responsibilityof the Keeper of the National Register.This bulletin was prepared by staffof the National Register Branch, Interagency Resources Division, NationalPark Service, with the assistance of theHistory Division. It was originally issued in draft form in 1982. The draftwas revised into final form by PatrickW. Andrus, Historian, National Register, and edited by Rebecca H.Shrimpton, Consulting Historian.Beth L. Savage, National Registerand Sarah Dillard Pope, National Register, NCSHPO coordinated the latestrevision of this bulletin. Antionette J.Lee, Tanya Gossett, and Kira Badamocoordinated earlier revisions.1Properties listed in the National Register receive limited Federal protection and certain benefits.For more information concerning the effects oflisting, and how the National Register may be used by the general public and Certified Local Governments, as well as by local, State, and Federalagencies, and for copies of National Register Bulletins, contact the National Park Service, National Register, 1849 C Street, NW, NC400, Washington,or by contacting any of the historicD.C., 20240. Information may also be obtained by visiting the National Register Web site at www.cr.nps.gov/nrpreservat10n offices m the States and territories.'The Secretary of the Interior's Standards and Guidelines for Archeology and Historic Preservation are found in the Federal Register, Vol. 48, No. 190(Thursday, September 29, 1983). A copy can be obtained by writing the National Park Service, Heritage Preservation Services (at the address above).

TABLE OF CONTENTSPreface . iI.Introduction . 1II.National Register Criteria for Evaluation . 2III.How to Use this Bulletin to Evaluate a Property . 3IV.How to Define Categories of Historic Properties . 4Building .4Structure .4Object .5Site.5District .5Concentration, Linkage, & Continuity of Features .5Significance .5Types of Features .58g ; {i; s s ;! :::::::::::::V.How to Evaluate a Property Within its Historfc Context . 7Understanding Historic Contexts .7How to Evaluate a Property Within Its Historic Context .7Properties Significant Within More Than on Historic Context .9Comparing Related Properties .9Local, State, and National Historic Contexts .9VI.How to Identify the Type of Significance of a Property . 11Introduction .11Criterion A: Event .12Understanding Criterion A .12Jy ! t:! s iation of the Property with the Events .12Significance of the Association .12Traditional Cultural Values .13Criterion B: Person .14Comparison to Related Properties .15Association with Groups .15Association with Living Persons .16Association with Architects/ Artisans .16Native American Sites .16ii

VII.Distinctive Characteristics of Type, Period, and Method of Construction .Historic Adaptation of the Original Property .Works of a Master .Properties Possessing High Artistic Values .18192020Criterion D: Information Potential .Understanding Criterion D .Applying Criterion D .Archeological Sites .Buildings, Structures, and Objects .Association with Human Activity .Establishing a Historic Context .Developing Research Questions .Establishing the Presence of Adequate Data .Integrity .Partly Excavated or Disturbed Properties .Completely Excavated Sites .212121212122222223232324How to Apply the Criteria Considerations.25Introduction .Criteria Consideration A: Religious Properties .Understanding Criteria Consideration A .Applying Criteria Consideration A .Eligibility for Historic Events .Eligibility for Historic Persons .Eligibility for Architectural or Artistic Distinction .Eligibility for Information Potential .Ability to Reflect Historic Associations .252626262627282828Criteria Consideration B: Moved Properties . 29Understanding Criteria Consideration B . 29Applying Criteria Consideration B . 29Eligibility for Architectural Value . 29Eligibility for Historic Associations . 30Setting and Environment . 30Association Dependent on the Site . 30Properties Designed to Be Moved . 31Artificially Created Groupings . 31Portions of Properties . 31Criteria Consideration C: Birthplaces and Graves .Understanding Criteria Consideration C .Applying Criteria Consideration C .Persons of Outstanding Importance .Last Surviving Property Associated with a Person .Eligibility for Other Associations .323232323233Criteria Consideration D: Cemeteries .Understanding Criteria Consideration D .Applying Criteria Consideration D .Persons of Transcendent Importance .Eligibility on the Basis of Age .

National Register is the responsibility of the Keeper of the National Register. This bulletin was prepared by staff of the National Register Branch, Inter agency Resources Division, National Park Service, with the assistance of the History Division. It .

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