Revised K-4 Science Standards Topic Arrangement
Grades K-42015Realigned Fall 2016 to the Arkansas Mathematics Standardsand Arkansas English Language Arts Standards
Table of ContentsHow to Read the Standards . .2Grades K-4 Science Core Ideas and topics . 6Science K-4 Introduction .7KindergartenLearning Progressions and Standards Overview 8Forces and Interactions: Pushes and Pulls . 11Weather and Climate . 13Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems: Animals, Plants, and Their Environment . 15Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science. . 17Grade OneLearning Progressions and Standards Overview .19Waves: Light and Sound . 22Structure, Function, and Information Processing . 24Space Systems: Patterns and Cycles . 26Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science. . 27Grade TwoLearning Progressions and Standards Overview .29Structure and Properties of Matter . 32Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems . 34Earth’s Systems: Processes that Shape the Earth . 36Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science. . 38Grade ThreeLearning Progressions and Standards Overview .40Forces and Interactions . 43Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems . 45Inheritance and Variation of Traits: Life Cycles and Traits . 47Weather and Climate . 49Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science. . 51Grade FourLearning Progressions and Standards Overview .53Structure, Function, and Information Processing. . 56Waves: Waves and Information . 57Energy . 59Earth’s Systems: Processes that Shape the Earth . 62Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science. . 64Contributors . 661Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education2015
How to ReadArkansas K-12 Science StandardsGrades K-4 Science Core Ideas and TopicsKindergartenPHYSICALLIFESCIENCESSCIENCESK. Forces andK. InterdependentInteractions:Relationships in Ecosystems:Pushes and Pulls Animals, Plants, and TheirEnvironmentEARTH and SPACESCIENCESK. Weatherand ClimatePHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES1. Waves: Lightand Sound1.Structure, Function, andInformation Processing1.Space Systems:Patterns and CyclesPHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES2.Structure andProperties ofMatter2.InterdependentRelationshipsin Ecosystems2.Earth’s Systems:Processes that Shapethe EarthGrade 1Grade 2ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, and APPLICATIONS of SCIENCEK-2. Engineering DesignPHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES3.Forces andInteractions3.Interdependent 3.InheritanceRelationships in and VariationEcosystemsof Traits3.Weatherand ClimatePHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES4.Waves4.Structure, Function, andInformation ProcessingGrade 3Grade 44.EnergyENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, and APPLICATIONS of SCIENCE3-4. Engineering Design2Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education20154.Earth’sSystems:Processesthat Shapethe Earth
Arkansas K-12 Science Standards OverviewThe Arkansas K-12 Science Standards are based on A Framework for K-12 Science Education (NRC 2012) and aremeant to reflect a new vision for science education. The following conceptual shifts reflect what is new about thesescience standards. The Arkansas K-12 Science Standards reflect science as it is practiced and experienced in the real world, build logically from Kindergarten through Grade 12, focus on deeper understanding as well as application of content, integrate practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas, and make explicit connections to literacy and math.As part of teaching the Arkansas K-12 Science Standards, it will be important to instruct and guide students in adoptingappropriate safety precautions for their student-directed science investigations. Reducing risk and preventing accidents inscience classrooms begin with planning. The following four steps are recommended in carrying out a hazard and riskassessment for any planned lab investigation:1) Identify all hazards. Hazards may be physical, chemical, health, or environmental.2) Evaluate the type of risk associated with each hazard.3) Write the procedure and all necessary safety precautions in such a way as to eliminate or reduce the riskassociated with each hazard.4) Prepare for any emergency that might arise in spite of all of the required safety precautions.According to Arkansas Code Annotated § 6-10-113 (2012) for eye protection, every student and teacher in public schoolsparticipating in any chemical or combined chemical-physical laboratories involving caustic or explosive chemicals or hotliquids or solids is required to wear industrial-quality eye protective devices (eye goggles) at all times while participating inscience investigations.The Arkansas K-12 Science Standards outline the knowledge and science and engineering practices that all studentsshould learn by the end of high school. The standards are three-dimensional because each student performanceexpectation engages students at the nexus of the following three dimensions: Dimension 1 describes scientific and engineering practices.Dimension 2 describes crosscutting concepts, overarching science concepts that apply across sciencedisciplines.Dimension 3 describes core ideas in the science disciplines.Science and Engineering PracticesThe eight practices describe what scientists use to investigate and build models and theories of the world around them orthat engineers use as they build and design systems. The practices are essential for all students to learn and are asfollows:1. Asking questions (for science) and defining problems (for engineering)2. Developing and using models3. Planning and carrying out investigations4. Analyzing and interpreting data5. Using mathematics and computational thinking6. Constructing explanations (for science) and designing solutions (for engineering)7. Engaging in argument from evidence8. Obtaining, evaluating, and communicating informationCrosscutting ConceptsThe seven crosscutting concepts bridge disciplinary boundaries and unit core ideas throughout the fields of science andengineering. Their purpose is to help students deepen their understanding of the disciplinary core ideas, and develop acoherent, and scientifically based view of the world. The seven crosscutting concepts are as follows:1. Patterns- Observed patterns of forms and events guide organization and classification, and prompt questionsabout relationships and the factors that influence them.2. Cause and effect- Mechanism and explanation. Events have causes, sometimes simple, sometimesmultifaceted. A major activity of science is investigating and explaining causal relationships and the mechanisms5Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education2015
by which they are mediated. Such mechanisms can then be tested across given contexts and used to predict andexplain events in new contexts.3. Scale, proportion, and quantity- In considering phenomena, it is critical to recognize what is relevant at differentmeasures of size, time, and energy and to recognize how changes in scale, proportion, or quantity affect asystem’s structure or performance.4. Systems and system models- Defining the system under study—specifying its boundaries and making explicit amodel of that system—provides tools for understanding and testing ideas that are applicable throughout scienceand engineering.5. Energy and matter: Flows, cycles, and conservation- Tracking fluxes of energy and matter into, out of, andwithin systems helps one understand the systems’ possibilities and limitations.6. Structure and function- The way in which an object or living thing is shaped and its substructure determinesmany of its properties and functions.7. Stability and change- For natural and built systems alike, conditions of stability and determinants of rates ofchange or evolution of a system are critical elements of study.Disciplinary Core IdeasThe disciplinary core ideas describe the content that occurs at each grade or course. The Arkansas K-12 ScienceStandards focus on a limited number of core ideas in science and engineering both within and across the disciplines andare built on the notion of learning as a developmental progression. The Disciplinary Core Ideas are grouped into thefollowing domains: Physical Science (PS)Life Science (LS)Earth and Space Science (ESS)Engineering, Technology and Applications of Science (ETS)Connections to the Arkansas English Language Arts StandardsEvidence-based reasoning is the foundation of good scientific practice. The Arkansas K-12 Science Standardsincorporate reasoning skills used in language arts to help students improve mastery and understanding in all threedisciplines. The Arkansas K-8 Science Committee made every effort to align grade-by-grade with the English languagearts (ELA) standards so concepts support what students are learning in their entire curriculum. Connections to specificELA standards are listed for each student performance expectation, giving teachers a blueprint for buildingcomprehensive cross-disciplinary lessons.The intersections between Arkansas K-12 Science Standards and Arkansas ELA Standards teach students to analyzedata, model concepts, and strategically use tools through productive talk and shared activity. Reading in science requiresan appreciation of the norms and conventions of the discipline of science, including understanding the nature of evidenceused, an attention to precision and detail, and the capacity to make and assess intricate arguments, synthesize complexinformation, and follow detailed procedures and accounts of events and concepts. These practice-based standards helpteachers foster a classroom culture where students think and reason together, connecting around the subject matter andcore ideas.Connections to the Arkansas Mathematics StandardsScience is a quantitative discipline, so it is important for educators to ensure that students’ science learning coheres wellwith their understanding of mathematics. To achieve this alignment, the Arkansas K-12 Science Committee made everyeffort to ensure that the mathematics standards do not outpace or misalign to the grade-by-grade science standards.Connections to specific math standards are listed for each student performance expectation, giving teachers a blueprintfor building comprehensive cross-disciplinary lessons.Table below lists key topics relevant to science and the grades at which topics are first expected in the ArkansasMathematics Standards.4Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education2015
Number and OperationsGrade First ExpectedMultiplication and division of whole numbers3Concept of a fractiona/bBeginning fraction arithmetic34MeasurementGrade First ExpectedStandard length units (inch, centimeter, etc.)2Area3Convert from a larger unit to a smaller in the same system45Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education2015
Grades K-4 Science Core Ideas and TopicsKindergartenPHYSICALLIFESCIENCESSCIENCESK. Forces andK. InterdependentInteractions:Relationships in Ecosystems:Pushes and Pulls Animals, Plants, and TheirEnvironmentEARTH and SPACESCIENCESK. Weatherand ClimatePHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES1. Waves: Lightand Sound1.Structure, Function, andInformation Processing1.Space Systems:Patterns and CyclesPHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES2.Structure andProperties ofMatter2.InterdependentRelationshipsin Ecosystems2.Earth’s Systems:Processes that Shapethe EarthGrade 1Grade 2ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, and APPLICATIONS of SCIENCEK-2. Engineering DesignPHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES3.Forces andInteractions3.Interdependent 3.InheritanceRelationships in and VariationEcosystemsof Traits3.Weatherand ClimatePHYSICALSCIENCESLIFESCIENCESEARTH and SPACESCIENCES4.Waves4.Structure, Function, andInformation ProcessingGrade 3Grade 44.EnergyENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, and APPLICATIONS of SCIENCE3-4. Engineering Design6Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education20154.Earth’sSystems:Processesthat Shapethe Earth
Science K-4The Arkansas K-12 Science Standards for Grades K-4 is a curriculum framework of grade level student performanceexpectations based on the core ideas of the physical sciences (PS), life sciences (LS), earth and space sciences (ESS),and engineering (ETS) from A Framework for K-12 Science Education (NRC 2012). The performance expectations buildlogically from Grades K-4 to Grades 5-8. The performance expectations clarify what students need to know and be able todo at the end of each grade. Student performance expectations consist of three dimensions: science and engineeringpractices, disciplinary core ideas, and crosscutting concepts. Engineering performance expectations are meant to beintegrated into science instruction to support the learning of science phenomena at all levels from Kindergarten to Grade12.As part of teaching the Arkansas K-12 Science Standards, it will be important to instruct and guide students in adoptingappropriate safety precautions for their student-directed science investigations. Reducing risk and preventing accidents inscience classrooms begin with planning. There are four recommended steps in carrying out a hazard and risk assessmentfor any planned lab investigation.1) Identify all hazards. Hazards may be physical, chemical, health, or environmental.2) Evaluate the type of risk associated with each hazard.3) Write the procedure and all necessary safety precautions in such a way as to eliminate or reduce the riskassociated with each hazard.4) Prepare for any emergency that might arise in spite of all of the required safety precautions.According to Arkansas Code Annotated § 6-10-113 (2012) for eye protection, every student and teacher in public schoolsparticipating in any chemical or combined chemical-physical laboratories involving caustic or explosive chemicals or hotliquids or solids is required to wear industrial-quality eye protective devices (eye goggles) at all times while participating inscience investigations.Notes:1. Student Performance Expectations (PEs) may be taught in any sequence or grouping within a grade level.2. An asterisk (*) indicates an engineering connection to a practice, core idea, or crosscutting concept.3. The Clarification Statements are examples and additional guidance for the instructor. AR indicates Arkansasspecific Clarification Statements.4. The Assessment Boundaries delineate content that may be taught but not assessed in large-scale assessments.AR indicates Arkansas-specific Assessment Boundaries.5. The examples given (e.g.,) are suggestions for the instructor.6. Throughout this document, connections are provided to the nature of science as defined by A Framework for K-12Science Education (NRC 2012).7. Throughout this document, connections are provided to Engineering, Technology, and Applications of Science asdefined by A Framework for K-12 Science Education (NRC 2012).8. Each set of PEs lists connections to other disciplinary core ideas (DCIs) within the Arkansas K-12 ScienceStandards and to the Arkansas Mathematics Standards and the Arkansas English Language Arts Standards.7Grades K-4Arkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education2015
Kindergarten Learning Progression by TopicKindergartenPHYSICAL SCIENCESForces andInteractions: Pushesand PullsK-PS2-1K-PS2-2EARTH andSPACE SCIENCESLIFE SS3-2Interdependent Relationships inEcosystems: Animals, Plants, and INEERING, TECHNOLOGY, and APPLICATIONS of SCIENCEEngineering DesignK-ETS1-1, K-ETS1-2, K-ETS1-3Kindergarten Learning Progression by Disciplinary Core IdeaKindergartenEARTH and SPACELIFE SCIENCESSCIENCESMatter andEarth andFrom Molecules toEarth’sStability: ForcesEnergyHumanOrganisms: Structures andSystemsand S3-3ENGINEERING, TECHNOLOGY, and APPLICATIONS of SCIENCEEngineering DesignK-ETS1-1, K-ETS1-2, K-ETS1-3PHYSICAL SCIENCES8Kindergarten: Learning ProgressionArkansas K-12 Science StandardsArkansas Department of Education2015
Kindergarten Standards OverviewThe Arkansas K-12 Science Standards are based on A Framework for K-12 Science Education (NRC 2012) and aremeant to reflect a new vision for science education. The following conceptual shifts reflect what is new about thesescience standards. The Arkansas K-12 Science Standards reflect science as it is practiced and experienced in the real world, build logically from Kindergarten through Grade 12, focus on deeper understanding as well as application of content, integrate practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas, and make explicit connections to literacy and math.Science and Engineering PracticesStudents are expected to demonstrate grade-appropriate proficiency in asking que
5 Grades K-4 Arkansas K-12 Science Standards Arkansas Department of Education 2015 . Arkansas K-12 Science Standards Overview . The Arkansas K-12 Science Standards are based on A Framework for K-12 Science Education (NRC 2012) and are meant to reflect a ne
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4 Table of Contents Page Number(s) Preface 6 Introduction 7-8 How to Read the Standards 9 South Dakota Science Standards Kindergarten Science Standards 10-11 First Grade Science Standards 12 Second Grade Science Standards 13-14 Third Grade Science Standards 15-16 Fourth Grade Science Standards 17-18 Fifth Grade Science Standards 19
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Introduction to Science Section 2 The Branches of Science, continued The branches of science work together. -biological science: the science of living things botany, ecology -physical science: the science of matter and energy chemistry: the science of matter and its changes physics: the science of forces and energy -earth science: the science of the Earth, the
