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Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationParasitology is an immensely important aspect of biological science.This manual presents 50 easy-to-follow laboratory exercises for studentpractical (lab) classes. All the exercises are tried and tested by theauthors and are used in a wide variety of university undergraduateteaching departments. They range from relatively simple observationalexercises, using local materials and requiring little in the way of equipment, to more technically demanding experiments in physiology andmolecular parasitology.Each exercise includes a list of necessary equipment, consumablesand sources of parasite material, instructions for staff and students,including aspects of safety, expected results and some analysis provided by questions; there are ideas for further exploration and information on similar exercises, and lists of selected further reading.This book should be an essential purchase for all teachers of parasitology at the university undergraduate level and for students takinglaboratory practical classes in the subject. Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationB R ITISH SOCI ETY FOR PARASITOLOGYPractical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited byDavid W. HaltonQueen’s University of BelfastJerzy M. BehnkeUniversity of NottinghamIan MarshallLiverpool School of Tropical Medicine Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationCAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESSCambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São PauloCambridge University PressThe Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU, UKPublished in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New Yorkwww.cambridge.orgInformation on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521791045 British Society for Parasitology 2001This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exceptionand to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,no reproduction of any part may take place withoutthe written permission of Cambridge University Press.First published 2001This digitally printed first paperback version 2005A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British LibraryISBN-13 978-0-521-79104-5 hardbackISBN-10 0-521-79104-9 hardbackISBN-13 978-0-521-02214-9 paperbackISBN-10 0-521-02214-2 paperback Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationCONTE NTSList of contributors page xiPreface xviiGeneral advice11 Observational Exercises on ParasitesA Local wild and domestic hosts as sources of parasites1.1 Parasites of the earthworm: Monocystis (Protozoa) and Rhabditis(Nematoda) 11d. wakelin, d. i. de pomerai & j. m. behnke1.2 Parasites of marine molluscs (Littorina)r. e. b. hanna & d. w. halton191.3 Parasites of fish:(a) Whiting and Diclidophora merlangi (Monogenea)d. w. halton311.4 Parasites of fish:(b) Plaice/flounder and Lepeophtheirus pectoralis (Copepoda)p. a. heuch & t. a. schram1.5 Parasites of domestic livestock:(a) Pig and Ascaris suum (Nematoda)j. m. behnke37451.6 Parasites of domestic livestock:(b) Sheep and Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda)c. e. bennett531.7 Parasites of crops:Potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida (Nematoda)j. t. jones63v Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationvi ContentsB Laboratory maintained species1.8 Protozoan parasites of the intestinal tract of the cockroach,Periplaneta americana 73j. e. williams & d. c. warhurst1.9 Protozoan parasites of the mouse intestinal tractj. e. williams & d. c. warhurst1.10 Rodent malariaj. e. smith77811.11 Malaria: an example of a vector transmitted parasiteh. hurd & r. e. sinden1.12 Larval and adult Echinostoma spp. (Trematoda)b. fried89971.13 Schistosoma mansoni (Trematoda) 107m. j. doenhoff, l. h. chappell & j. m. behnke1.14 Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda)j. m. behnke1151.15 Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Nematoda) 123j. m. behnke, l. h. chappell & a. w. pike2 Ecology2.1 Pinworms (Nematoda, Oxyuroidea) in the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana 133w. m. hominick & j. m. behnke2.2 Distribution and microhabitat of a monogenean on the gills ofmackerel 141c. r. kennedy2.3 Population dynamics of Gyrodactylus on sticklebackr. c. tinsley1472.4 Intraspecific competition in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, inrats 161c. r. kennedy & j. m. behnke2.5 Transmission dynamics and the pattern of dispersion of thecestode Hymenolepis diminuta, in the intermediate hostpopulation 167c. r. kennedy & j. m. behnke Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationContents vii3 Physiology and Biochemistry3.1 Hatching in vitro of oncospheres/hexacanth larvae of Hymenolepisdiminuta 175c. e. bennett3.2 Activation of the cysticercoids of Hymenolepis species in vitroj. m. behnke1833.3 Membrane transport in the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta, invitro 191c. arme3.4 Glycogen utilisation and deposition in flatworm parasitesd. w. halton2013.5 Effects of classical transmitters on the motility of parasiticroundworms and flatworms 209a. g. maule, n. j. marks & j. w. bowman3.6 Electrophysiology of Ascaris suum body muscler. j. martin2193.7 Immunocytochemical localisation of neuroactive substances inhelminth parasites 231n. j. marks, a. g. maule & d. w. halton4 Pathology and Immunology4.1 Encapsulation of foreign matter (not-self) by earthwormsd. wakelin, d. i. de pomerai & j. m. behnke4.2 Opsonisation of trypanosomesc. m. r. turner2432494.3 Production and screening of monoclonal antibodies againstLeishmania promastigotes 255m. hommel & m. l. chance4.4 Pathological effects of Mesocestoides corti and Schistosomamansoni 267j. chernin4.5 Quantification of lymphocyte populations in the spleen andthymus 277j. chernin Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationviii Contents4.6 Use of basic indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies producedby experimental immunisation 283d. a. johnson & c. mcguire4.7 SDS PAGE and Western blotting for the detection of antibodiesproduced by experimental immunisation 293c. mcguire & d. a. johnson5 Chemotherapy5.1 Sensitivity of a coccidial parasite, Eimeria, to an ionophore,monensin 305m. w. shirley5.2 Egg hatch assay for determination of resistance of nematodes tobenzimidazole anthelmintics 313f. jackson, e. jackson & r. l. coop5.3 Larval migration inhibition assay for determination ofsusceptibility of nematodes to levamisole 321f. jackson, e. jackson & r. l. coop5.4 Effect of anthelmintics on nematodesd. l. lee & j. e. smith3296 Molecular Parasitology6.1 Purification of DNA 335p. a. bates, t. knapp & j. m. crampton6.2 DNA digestion and gel electrophoresis 343p. a. bates, t. knapp & j. m. crampton6.3 Restriction enzyme mapping 349p. a. bates, t. knapp & j. m. crampton6.4 Construction of a genomic library 357p. a. bates, t. knapp & j. m. crampton6.5 Detection and differentiation of Entamoeba histolytica and E. disparby PCR 365j. e. williams & d. britten6.6 Differentiation between parasite species by agglutination anddetection of parasite surface carbohydrates, using non-conjugatedlectins 375g. a. ingram Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationContents ix6.7 Tentative identification of parasite and tissue surfacecarbohydrates by conjugated lectins 385g.a. ingram7 Behaviour7.1 Behaviour of the miracidia of Fasciola hepatica and demonstrationof other larval stages 397c. e. bennett7.2 Effects of age and environmental factors on the swimmingbehaviour of the cercariae of Cryptocotyle lingua (Trematoda)j. g. rea & s. w. b. irwin4077.3 Changes in host behaviour as a consequence of parasiteinfection 415h. hurd7.4 Behaviour of the amphipod Gammarus pulex, infected withcystacanths of acanthocephalans 423d. b. a. thompson & a. f. brown7.5 Effects of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) on stickleback feedingbehaviour 433i. barberAppendix 1 Reagent index 445Appendix 2 UK suppliers 447Appendix 3 US suppliers 450Index 452 Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationCONTR I B UTORSC. ArmeDepartment of BiologicalSciencesCentre for Applied Entomologyand ParasitologyKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshire ST5 5BGUKI. BarberEdward Llwyd BuildingInstitute of Biological SciencesUniversity of Wales AberystwythAberystwythCeredigionSY23 3DAWales, UKP. A. BatesDivision of Molecular Biology andImmunologyLiverpool School of TropicalMedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L3 5QAUKJ. M. BehnkeSchool of Life and EnvironmentalSciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK Cambridge University PressC. E. BennettSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonBiomedical Sciences BuildingBassett Crescent EastSouthampton SO16 7PXUKJ. W. BowmanAnimal Health DiscoveryResearchPharmacia and Upjohn Co301 Henrietta StreetKalamazooMI 49001USAD. BrittenDepartment of Infectious andTropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene andTropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUKA. F. BrownUplands TeamEnglish NatureNorthminster HousePeterborough PE1 1UAUKxiwww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationxii List of contributorsM. L. ChanceDivision of Molecular Biology andImmunologyLiverpool School of TropicalMedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L3 5QAUKL. H. ChappellDepartment of ZoologyUniversity of AberdeenTillydrone AvenueAberdeen AB9 2TNScotland, UKJ. CherninSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthKing Henry I StreetPortsmouth PO1 2DYUKR. L. CoopMoredon Research InstitutePentlands Science ParkBush LoanPenicuikMidlothian EH26 0PZScotland, UKJ. M. CramptonSchool of Biological SciencesLife Sciences BuildingCrown StreetLiverpool L69 7ZBUKM. J. DoenhoffSchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of WalesBangorGwynedd LL57 2UWWales, UK Cambridge University PressB. FriedDepartment of BiologyLafayette CollegeEastonPennsylvania 18042USAD. W. HaltonSchool of Biology and BiochemistryMedical Biology CentreQueen’s University of BelfastBelfast BT9 7BLNorthern Ireland, UKR. E. B. HannaVeterinary Sciences DivisionDepartment of Agriculture N. I.Stoney RoadBelfast BT4 3SDNorthern Ireland, UKP. A. HeuchNational Veterinary InstituteFish Health SectionPO Box 8156 Dep.N-0033 OsloNorwayW. M. HominickCABI BioscienceBakeham LaneEghamSurrey TW20 9TYUKM. HommelDivision of Molecular Biology andImmunologyLiverpool School of TropicalMedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L3 5QAUKwww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationList of contributors xiiiH. HurdDepartment of BiologicalSciencesCentre for Applied Entomologyand ParasitologyKeele UniversityKeeleStaffordshire ST5 5BGUKG. A. IngramDepartment of BiologicalSciencesUniversity of SalfordSalford M5 4WTUKS. W. B. IrwinSchool of Applied Biological andChemical SciencesUniversity of Ulster atJordanstownShore Road, NewtownabbeyCo. Antrim, BT37 0QBNorthern Ireland, UKE. JacksonMoredon Research InstitutePentlands Science ParkBush LoanPenicuikMidlothian EH26 0PZScotland, UKF. JacksonMoredon Research InstitutePentlands Science ParkBush LoanPenicuikMidlothian EH26 0PZScotland, UK Cambridge University PressD. A. JohnsonSchool of Biological Sciences,University of Nottingham,Nottingham NG7 2RDUKJ. T. JonesDepartment of ZoologyScottish Crop Research InstituteInvergowrieDundee DD2 5DAScotland, UKC. R. KennedyDepartment of BiologicalSciencesHatherly LaboratoriesUniversity of ExeterExeter EX4 4PSUKT. KnappThe Royal Castle InternationalCentre for Lung Cancer Research200 London RoadLiverpool L3 9TAUKD. L. LeeShildon CottageBlanchlandNr ConsettCo. Durham DH8 95UUKI. MarshallDivision of Parasite and VectorBiologyLiverpool School of TropicalMedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L3 5QAUKwww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationxiv List of contributorsN. J. MarksSchool of Biology and BiochemistryMedical Biology CentreQueen’s University of BelfastBelfast BT9 7BLNorthern Ireland, UKR. J. MartinDepartment of BiologicalSciencesCollege of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowa 50011-1250USAA. G. MauleSchool of Biology and BiochemistryMedical Biology CentreQueen’s University of BelfastBelfast BT9 7BLNorthern Ireland, UKC. McGuire,University of SouthamptonDermatopharmacology UnitSouthampton General HospitalSouthampton SO16 6YDUKA. W. PikeDepartment of ZoologyThe UniversityTillydrone AvenueAberdeen AB9 2TNScotland, UKD. I. de PomeraiSchool of Life and EnvironmentalSciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK Cambridge University PressJ. G. ReaSchool of Applied Biological andChemical SciencesUniversity of Ulster atJordanstownShore Road, NewtownabbeyCo. Antrim, BT37 0QBNorthern Ireland, UKT. A. SchramDepartment of BiologySection of Marine Zoology andMarine ChemistryUniversity of OsloNorwayM. W. ShirleyInstitute for Animal HealthCompton LaboratoryComptonNr. NewburyBerkshire RG16 0NNUKR. E. SindenDepartment of BiologyBiomedical Sciences BuildingImperial College of Science andTechnologyImperial College RoadLondon SW7 2AZUKJ. E. SmithDepartment of Pure and AppliedBiologyThe UniversityLeeds LS2 9JTUKD. B. A. ThompsonScottish Natural Heritage2 Anderson PlaceEdinburgh EH6 5NPScotland, UKwww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationList of contributors xvR. C. TinsleySchool of Biological SciencesUniversity of BristolWoodland RoadBristol BS8 1UGUKC. M. R. TurnerParasitology LaboratoryIBLSJoseph Black BuildingUniversity of GlasgowGlasgow G12 8QQScotland, UKD. WakelinSchool of Life and EnvironmentalSciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity ParkNottingham NG7 2RDUK Cambridge University PressD. C. WarhurstDepartment of Infectious andTropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene andTropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUKJ. E. WilliamsDepartment of Infectious andTropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene andTropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUKwww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationPR E FACEThis manual describes a range of well-tried practical exercises,drawn largely from the membership of the British Society forParasitology, and currently used in the teaching of parasitologyat undergraduate level. The primary aim is to promote and,hopefully, stimulate practical teaching in parasitology in institutions where levels of experience and resources devoted to thesubject vary from substantial to none. For this reason, the exercises selected range from the simple, requiring little in the wayof sophisticated equipment, and focusing on locally-availablematerials, to the more elaborate, in the fields of molecularbiology and immunology; it is not intended to provide comprehensive coverage of practical parasitology. Use of the manualoutside of the UK may require alternative materials and/orsources of materials.Although the seven sections presented comprise informationand exercises in different aspects of the subject, it is recognisedthat merging of a number of the exercises cited, or othermodifications, may suit the local situation. For example, thespecies used in Section 1 could be substituted depending onavailability; these and other adaptations are to be encouragedand, in many instances, alternative sources of material are suggested by authors. The decision on how best to produce a benchtop handout is a personal one, but readers are welcome to usethe text and ideas presented here.It is important to note that while every consideration to healthand safety has been given by the authors, editors and the Society,no responsibility can be accepted if things go wrong. In the UK,we advise each laboratary co-ordinator to carry out a hazardassessment for any of the exercises used so as to ensure that theControl of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations (COSHH,1986), part of the UK Health and Safety at Work Act, 1974, are fullymet. Note that these now include the Categorisation of Biological xvii Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

Cambridge University Press0521022142 - Practical Exercises in ParasitologyEdited by David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke and Ian MarshallFrontmatterMore informationxviii PrefaceAgents, according to hazard and categories of containment, prepared by the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens, 1995.A number of exercises include the use of laboratory animals.In the UK, it is essential that Home Office regulations are followed and the local laboratory co-ordinator and/or departmentmust take responsibility for this. The transfer of animals fromone laboratory to another also requires Home Office approval.The editors hope that the ideas presented here will contributeto securing the future of teaching in parasitology, and welcomeany suggestions or comments for possible improvement andfurther development of the content.Finally, we are indebted to the authors of the exercises thathave been selected for this publication, but equally grateful tothose who submitted exercises which, for a variety of reasons,we have been unable to include. We would also like to record ourthanks and appreciation to many other colleagues for theirencouragement, criticisms and comments, and especially theCouncil of the British Society for Parasitology for their continued support.David W. Halton, Jerzy M. Behnke, Ian MarshallJanuary 2000 Cambridge University Presswww.cambridge.org

This manual presents 50 easy-to-follow laboratory exercises for student practical (lab) classes. All the exercises are tried and tested by the authors and are used in a wide variety of university undergraduate teaching departments. They range from relatively simple observational exercises,

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