“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development”
“Youth Entrepreneurship & SmallBusiness Development”INFORMATION RESOURCE CENTER(IRC)PUBLIC AFFAIRS SECTIONU.S. EMBASSY JAKARTAI NF OR MA T IO N P A CK AG EAUGUST 2010About Benedict T. Casnochaing." He founded Comcate,Inc., a leading e-governmentsoftware company, at age14.Benedict T. CasnochaAuthor, "My Start-Up Life"Ben is the author of the bestselling business book MyStart-Up Life: What a (Very)Young CEO Learned on HisJourney Through Silicon Valley, which the New YorkTimes called "precocious,informative, and entertain-Ben's work has been featured in dozens of international media including CNN,The Economist, CNBC, andABC's 20/20. PoliticsOnlinenamed him one of the "25most influential people in theworld of internet and politics." BusinessWeek namedBen "one of America's topyoung entrepreneurs."He writes prolifically on hisblog which the Silicon ValleyBusiness Journal called oneof the "Top 25 Blogs in Silicon Valley," and the SanFrancisco Chronicle called "athoughtful meditation onSpecial points of interest:life." He's a commentator forpublic radio's "Marketplace"and a contributing writer tothe American Enterprise Institute, Newsweek, and the U.S.State Department.Ben has given speeches atdozens of universities andorganizations around theworld. He has traveled tomore than 25 countries. Healso co-runs the Silicon Valley Junto, an intellectual discussion society for businessand technology executives.In his free time Ben enjoysplaying chess, ping-pong,reading, and writing. Small businesses haveflexibility to innovate, create new products and services. For details please y/20080603232512eaifas0.7224848.htmlFor more information, pleasevisit Ben’s blog at http://ben.casnocha.com/Inside this issue:Book: My Start UP LifeBen Casnocha discovered hewas an entrepreneur at age12 and hasn't slowed downsince. In this remarkably instructive book, Ben dissectsthe entrepreneurship "gene,"explaining that everyone hasinherited it if they have anidea to make the world abetter place. This book is thestory of his start-up, but alsoa conversation with his mentors, clients and fellow Entrepreneurship is an attractive career choice, butdecision making is a must.For details please y/20080603213245eaifas0.3291284.htmlentrepreneurs about how tomake a business idea work,and how to have the time ofyour life trying. From PatLencioni to Marc Benioff ofsalesforce.com, Ben has wonover the best and brightestof the business world. Nowit's your turn! - Review fromAmazon.com.(Check with the IRC for theavailability of this book).About Benedict T.Casnocha1Book: My Start UP Life1What Is Entrepreneurship?2About IRC2E-Publications3Books, Articles and Inter- 4net Resources
“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development”What Is Entrepreneurship?Meaning of entrepreneurship hasevolved over the centuriesWhat Is Entrepreneurship?What is meant by entrepreneurship?The concept of entrepreneurship wasfirst established in the 1700s, and themeaning has evolved ever since. Manysimply equate it with starting one's ownbusiness. Most economists believe it ismore than that.To some economists, the entrepreneur isone who is willing to bear the risk of anew venture if there is a significantchance for profit. Others emphasize theentrepreneur's role as an innovatorwho markets his innovation. Still othereconomists say that entrepreneurs develop new goods or processes that themarket demands and are not currentlybeing supplied.In the 20th century, economist JosephSchumpeter (1883-1950) focused onhow the entrepreneur's drive for innovation and improvement creates upheaval and change. Schumpeterviewed entrepreneurship as a force of"creative destruction." The entrepreneurcarries out "new combinations," therebyhelping render old industries obsolete.Established ways of doing business aredestroyed by the creation of new andbetter ways to do them.Compiled byInformation Resource CenterPublic Affairs SectionU.S. Embassy JakartaJl. Medan Merdeka Selatan 3-5Jakarta 10110Phone: 021-350-8467Fax: 021-350-8466E-mail: ircjakarta@state.govPage 2Business expert Peter Drucker (19092005) took this idea further, describingthe entrepreneur as someone who actually searches for change, responds toit, and exploits change as an opportunity. A quick look at changes in communications – from typewriters to personal computers to the Internet – illustrates these ideas.Most economists today agree that entrepreneurship is a necessary ingredient for stimulating economic growthand employment opportunities in allsocieties. In the developing world, successful small businesses are the primaryengines of job creation, income growth,and poverty reduction. Therefore, government support for entrepreneurship isa crucial strategy for economic development.As the Business and Industry AdvisoryCommittee to the Organization forEconomic Cooperation and Development (OECD) said in 2003, "Policies tofoster entrepreneurship are essential tojob creation and economic growth."Government officials can provide incentives that encourage entrepreneursto risk attempting new ventures. Amongthese are laws to enforce propertyrights and to encourage a competitivemarket system.The culture of a community also mayinfluence how much entrepreneurshipthere is within it. Different levels ofentrepreneurship may stem from cultural differences that make entrepreneurship more or less rewarding personally. A community that accords thehighest status to those at the top ofhierarchical organizations or those withprofessional expertise may discourageentrepreneurship. A culture or policythat accords high status to the "selfmade" individual is more likely to encourage entrepreneurship.This overview is the first in a series ofone-page essays about the fundamental elements of entrepreneurship. Eachpaper combines the thinking of mainstream economic theorists with examples of practices that are common toentrepreneurship in many countries. Theseries attempts to answer: Why andhow do people become entrepreneurs?Why is entrepreneurship beneficial toan economy? How can governmentsencourage entrepreneurship, and, withit, economic h/2008/May/20080603211339eaifas0.4090082.htmlThe U.S. Embassy’s Information Resource Center (IRC) in Jakarta is a specializedreference and research facility. Our goal is to provide you with accurate, up-todate and authoritative information about U.S. society and policy materials, covertopics such as U.S. foreign policy, government, economics and trade, history, andsocial and cultural issues.The IRC collection includes an up-to-date reference collection, a periodicals section,and access to extensive online databases.Our professionally-trained reference specialists use print and periodical collectionsas well as online resources to retrieve the information that you need quickly, conveniently, and free of charge.
“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development”Principles of EntrepreneurshipEconomists and business people differ intheir definitions of entrepreneurship.Most, however, agree that entrepreneurship is vital for stimulating economicgrowth and employment opportunities inall societies. This is particularly true in thedeveloping world, where successful smallbusinesses are the primary engines of jobcreation and poverty reduction. This series of 21 one-page primers discusses theessentials for building and running abusiness from the planning stages to marketing a product.There are 20 chapters that explained theprinciple of entrepreneurship. What IsEntrepreneurship?;What Makes Someonean Entrepreneur?;Why Become an Entrepreneur?; Decisions and Downfalls; Go ItAlone or Team Up?; Choosing a Productand a Market; Entry Strategies for NewVentures; Marketing is Selling; The Entrepreneur and the Internet; Selling Online;Choosing a Form of Business; Creating aBusiness Plan; The Entrepreneur's Needfor Capital; Sources of Financing; Intellectual Property: A Valuable BusinessAsset; The Strengths of Small Business;Entrepreneurship Aids the Economy; TheImportance of Government Policies; Resources and Glossary of Terms.Available online ples-of-entrepreneurship.htmlEntrepreneurship and Small BusinessSmall businesses built the United States inthe country's first century. Today theflexibility of small businesses provideslessons for big business. Successful smallbusinesses are critical to maintaining arobust U.S. economy. The numbers almostspeak for themselves: 99 percent of all American businessesare small. Small businesses provide approximately 75 percent of the net new jobsadded to the U.S. economy every year. Small businesses represent 99.7 percentof all employers. Small businesses employ 50.1 percentof the private workforce. Small businesses provide 40.9 percentof private sales in the country.It is truly the innovation, resilience, anddetermination of small-business ownersthat centers them at the heart of theAmerican economy.Available online 0106.htmlRoots of InnovationEconomic expansion depends more andmore on innovation — not simply producing more goods and services, but producing ever newer goods and services. Thisissue of eJournal USA explores one nexusof questions at the heart of these discussions: What is innovation? Can governments and societies encourage innovation?Page 3How do the emergence of semiconductorpowered computers and Internet-basedcommunication technologies affect theequation?Available online 1109.html
“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development”Indonesia Young EntrepreneurSocial Entrepreneur Powers - andEmpowers - Indonesian VillagesBy Christopher ConnellSpecial Correspondentfrom international development agencies in Japan, the Netherlands andelsewhere. Some large corporationssupport the work as well.IBEKA convinced authorities to allowthese microplants to connect to the gridand sell excess energy back to thestate utility, PLN. Those revenues, inturn, fuel school, road and health improvements in these communities.Tri Mumpuni at the Presidential Summiton Entrepreneurship, April 26, 2010Washington - If it is better, as a Chinese proverb instructs, to light one candle than curse the darkness, how muchbetter yet is it to bring electricity generated by clean, microhydroelectricplants to dozens of remote villagesacross Indonesia?That's been the life's work of Indonesian social activist and entrepreneur TriMumpuni - who, with her husband, Iskandar B. Kuntoadji, and their nonprofit IBEKA Foundation (Yayasan Institut Bisnis dan Ekonomi Kerakyatan orPeople's Business and Economic Institute), has built five dozen small powerplants that also serve as engines foreconomic development.Rivers turn the turbines in these compact plants, with villagers participatingfully in the planning and construction,then maintaining the facilities as cooperative ventures. Most plants generatefrom 5 kilowatts to 60 kilowatts, butIBEKA has also completed projects aslarge as half a megawatt. The construction costs range from 10,000 tomore than 600,000. Some capitalcomes from private investors, but IBEKAalso has attracted significant supportPage 4As a girl growing up in Semarang, thecapital of Central Java, Mumpuni accompanied her social worker mother asshe distributed medicine to the poor.The daughter grew up and studied theeconomics of agriculture (her father isan economist) at Bogor AgriculturalUniversity and later journeyed to Thailand, Africa and Latin America to learnabout energy, sustainable developmentand environment as a Rockefeller Foundation fellow.Mumpuni's geologist husband learnedabout microhydro plants in Switzerland. Now, graduate students, government managers and community activistscome to the couple's home in Bandungto learn about microhydro plants andbiogas, another clean, low-cost way ofproducing energy by fermenting biological materials. Fittingly for an environmental activist, Mumpuni alsobreeds butterflies at the couple's home,at the foot of a volcanic crater surrounded by a tea plantation. TheUnited Nations Economic and SocialCommission for Asia and the Pacificselected IBEKA Foundation's microhydromethods as a model for public-privatepartnerships. Mumpuni has been namedan Ashoka Fellow, a Climate Hero bythe World Wildlife Fund and Womanof the Year by Tempo magazine, theIndonesian weekly.President Obama also saluted her inhis speech at the April 2010 Presiden-tial Summit on Entrepreneurship (http://www.america.gov/entrepreneurship summit.html ), which brought together more than 200 business innovators, many of them, like Mumpuni, fromcountries with sizable Muslim populations. Obama briefly bantered with herafterward in Bahasa Indonesia, whichhe learned during four years of childhood spent in Jakarta with his American mother and Indonesian stepfather.Mumpuni said she was "over the moon"after the plaudits from the president.The recognition has since triggerednumerous news stories and interviews,"and even the president director of[the state utility PLN] came to my officeto have a discussion," said Mumpuni.The microhydroelectric plants are making a big difference in such places asWaikelosawa in Nusa Tenggara Timurand Cinta Mekar in West Java: IBEKAestimates that these small projects provide electricity for nearly 400,000people.But more than 100 million of Indonesia's 230 million people still live in thedark, as do 1.6 billion people worldwide. "Can you imagine?" said Mumpuni. "It really touches your heart whenyou come to a village and see the kidsvery tired at night trying to read theirbooks with a very small light."So Mumpuni and IBEKA are thinkingbigger. She recently flew to Vienna tonail down a 30 million euro bank loanfor a 2 megawatt project and is seeking 98 million in U.S. Agency for International Development support for 32new projects. "Insya Allah [God willing]," she said, the project will bringelectricity to 200,000 people "andcreate jobs for more than a half million.""What I am doing . is impossible forme to do on my own," she said.
“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development”Indonesia Young EntrepreneurShe and her husband were kidnappedin 2008 by former rebels in volatileAceh province, where IBEKA undertooka microhydro project in the mountainsof West Sumatra. She had welcomedthe militants to the project and toldthem they'd be heroes in their community if they used their gun-making skillsto build turbines instead.Nonetheless, they kidnapped Mumpuniand Kuntoadji, then released her in themiddle of the night with instructions togo back to the city and return with a 2million rupee ransom - 220,000 - orher husband would be beheaded. Shebargained them downward and frantically raised 60,000 from family andfriends to secure his release.It hasn't diminished her zeal for working with the poor. "I got in my life somany privileges from God, this is theway to pay back," said Mumpuni, whowill attend a meeting of former President Bill Clinton's Clinton Global Initiative in New York in September andspeak at the Legatum Center for Development and Entrepreneurship at theMassachusetts Institute of Technology inlate October. Afterward, she'll returnto Jakarta to participate in a regionalfollow-up to the Presidential Summit onEntrepreneurship.If she gets another chance to speakwith President Obama, Mumpuni willtell him of plans to build a new, modelclean energy and jobs project in WestJava. She has the name for it already:Obama Village.(This is a product of the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S.Department of State. Web site:http://www.america.gov)Page 5Job Loss, Bankruptcy Pushed Indonesian Tycoon to EntrepreneurshipBy Phillip KurataStaff WriterSandiaga UnoSaratoga Capital,IndonesiaWashington —A 40-year-oldtycoon who isone of Indonesia’s richest menwas not alwaysthat way.In 1997, Sandiaga Uno lost his job at a Canadianenergy company and returned homebroke with his new bride. His father,who worked for a U.S. oil company,and his mother, a teacher, supportedthem for a while.―It was one of the lowest points in mylife. It forced me to think how to get outof that awful situation,‖ he told America.gov. ―It was during the Asian financial crisis, and it was next to impossibleto find any kind of a job.‖Then, Uno, who never had thought ofhaving his own business, had what hecalled a ―light bulb experience.‖―I told myself that if I want to be financially independent, the only way to dothat is by setting up my own company,‖he said.In 1998, Uno co-founded SaratogaCapital, an investment firm.―We started with minimum capital withfour people in a small, rinky-dink, 75square-meter office. We had no customers, just a lot of faith,‖ he said.Saratoga Capital has grown into one ofIndonesia’s largest investment firms,employing about 20,000 people. It hasachieved double-digit rates of return onits investments, and Uno has risen meteorically to become one of Indonesia’sbusiness leaders in a little more than adecade. He epitomizes the new generation of Indonesian business peoplewho are both proud of their achievements as Indonesians and have an international outlook, Globe Asia magazine reported in a cover story abouthim in April 2008. Uno has served aschairman of the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association.The main target of Uno’s investmentstrategy is Indonesia’s infrastructure.―Better infrastructure will improveeconomic competitiveness. There is a lotof money waiting to go to infrastructure, both domestic and foreign, butinvestors need certainty and long-termstability,‖ Uno was quoted as saying toGlobe Asia. In his view, investment inIndonesia’s coal, geothermal energy,oil and gas sectors cannot be maximized because the infrastructure is notadequate.Uno also has established another investment house, ReCapital InvestmentPT, which sets aside 5 percent of itsgross revenues to fund schools andeducation for orphans. The financierfollows the example of legendaryAmerican investor Warren Buffet, whouses a portion of his wealth for charitable causes such as fighting disease andpoverty around the world.President Obama invited Uno to Washington to share his knowledge and experience with other entrepreneurs fromaround the world at the PresidentialSummit on Entrepreneurship April 26–27.Uno’s assets are reported to amount tothe tens of billions of dollars, but themost precious of them have no numerical value.―My wife [Nur Asia] and my twodaughters are my biggest supporters continue to page 6
“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development”Books, Articles and Internet Resources on EntrepreneurshipNOOSNGMICOFO R MO RE BO OK SOU R CA TA LO G ATECKCH6St aff /OP AC /http ://6 9.6 3.2 17. 22/ U1 008ind ex. aspARTICLES OF INTERESTAsian Entrepreneurs Are Bullish on theFuture by Ryan Streeter. Wall StreetJournal. (Eastern edition). New York,N.Y.: Aug 6, 2010. pg. A.13UP COMING BOOK COLLECTIONSMy Start-Up Life: What a (Very)Young CEO Learned on His JourneyThrough Silicon Valley by Ben Casnocha and Marc Benioff. Jossey-Bass,2007.Entrepreneurship: SuccessfullyLaunching New Ventures Value Package (includes Business Plan Pro, Entrepreneurship: Starting and Operating a Small Business) by Bruce Barringer and Duane Ireland. PrenticeHall, 2007.A new survey of more than 4,000 entrepreneurs, business managers and aspiring entrepreneurs, conducted by YouGov and released this week by theLegatum Institute, sheds light on thecountries' respective enterprising classes-- and raises some questions for policymakers and investors.Bring on the Entrepreneurs! by AdamBluestein, Amy Barrett. Inc. Boston:Jul/Aug 2010. Vol. 32, Iss. 6; pg. 76,13 pgsKiser. Planning for Higher Education. AnnArbor: Jul-Sep 2010. Vol. 38, Iss. 4; pg.44, 8 pgsThe first undergraduate course in socialentrepreneurship was taught at StanfordUniversity in 1997, also in the businesssc
“Youth Entrepreneurship & Small Business Development” of all employers. Small businesses employ 50.1 percent of the private workforce. Small businesses provide 40.9 percent of private sales in the country. It is truly the innovation, resilience, and determination of small-busin
To define the entrepreneurship. To explain the significance of Entrepreneurship. To explain the Entrepreneurship Development. To describe the Dynamics of Entrepreneurship Development. 1.1 Need and significance of Entrepreneurship Development in Global contexts It is said that an economy is an effect for which entrepreneurship is the cause.
What is entrepreneurship? Students will be able to: a. Define and give examples of entrepreneurship. b. Draw conclusions as to what they can expect to learn in a course called "Entrepreneurship and Business". c. Explain why entrepreneurship is so important to the United States economy. Readings G pp. 4-7, 15, 17-21, SW pp. 3-6
Entrepreneurship Development and Management, Vasant Desai, HPH 2. Entrepreneurship Management, Bholanath Dutta, Excel Books 3. Entrepreneurial Development, Sangeeta Sharma, PHI 4. Entrepreneurship, Rajeev Roy, Oxford University Press. CONTENTS MODULE I – ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1. The Concept
CENTRE FOR ENTERPRISE AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP STUDIES, CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, FREE STATE THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT (ICED) 2019 Theme: Sustainable entrepreneurship development for the 4th Industrial Revolution Conference Chair: Professor Dennis Yao Dzansi Professor of Entrepreneurship
Youth Social Entrepreneurship: Advancing the Field, Tina P. Kruse, PhD for the SUNDANCE FAMILY FOUNDATION PAGE 2 Youth Social Enterpreneurship (YSE) is a youth-designed, youth-led business or community social initiative that is supported within a framework of intergenerational participation.
UNDESA - Exploring Youth Entrepreneurship 2 Exploring Youth Entrepreneurship This paper was prepared under the project supported by the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Sub-Fund of the UN Peace and Development Fund (UNPDF), of which the People’s Republic of China is a major contributor.
These policies and strategies, however, are rarely implemented in full, if at all. In order to provide a coherent and consistent approach in the promotion of entrepreneurship in Mozambique, including youth entrepreneurship, a new Entrepreneurship and Innovation Strategy is included in this report among the recommendations.
Susannah G Tringe*‡, Andreas Wagner† and Stephanie W Ruby* Addresses: *Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. †Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA. ‡Current address: DOE Joint Genome Institute, 2800
