Assessment Chapter Test B

BackPrintNameClassDateAssessmentChapter Test BClassification of OrganismsIn the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches theterm or phrase.1. Archaeaa. kingdom; includes Euglena and amoebas2. Bacteriab. domain; includes chemosynthetic bacteria3. Eukaryac. kingdom; includes mushrooms and molds4. Animalia5. Archaebacteria6. Eubacteriad. kingdom; includes humans and insectse. kingdom; includes disease-causing bacteriaf. domain; includes both plants and animalsg. kingdom; includes chemosynthetic bacteria7. Fungi8. Protista9. orderh. domain; includes disease-causing bacteriai. group of related generaj. group of related classes10. classk. group of related species11. genusl. group of related orders12. phylumm. group of related families13. familyIn the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completeseach statement or best answers each question.14. Which of the following taxonomic categories refers only to plants?a. phylumc. divisionb. classd. kingdom15. Linnaeus grouped structurally similar organisms of a single type intothe category called aa. species.c. class.b. genus.d. order.16. The species identifier denoting the species of the leopard frog, Ranapipiens, isa. leopard.c. Rana.b. frog.d. pipiens.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Modern Biology133Chapter Test

BackPrintNameClassDateClassification of Organisms, Chapter Test B continued17. The main criterion used by Linnaeus to classify organisms is theira. phylogeny.c. morphology.b. taxonomy.d. habitat.18. The branch of biology that names and groups organisms according totheir characteristics and evolutionary history isa. morphology.c. phylogeny.b. taxonomy.d. embryology.19. An ancestry diagram made by grouping organisms according to theirshared derived characters is called aa. phylogenetic diagram.c. phylum.b. taxonomic category.d. cladogram.20. A modern systematic taxonomist would likely consider the followingwhen classifying an organism:a. the fossil record, morphology, embryological development, andmacromoleculesb. the fossil record, morphology, embryological development, andhabitatc. behavior, morphology, embryology, and habitatd. the fossil record, macromolecules, habitat, and embryologicaldevelopment21. The evolutionary history of an organism is itsa. morphology.c. classification.b. taxonomy.d. phylogeny.22. In the table below, which level of classification is represented by thecell labeled A?a. kingdomc. divisionb. phylumd. order23. In the table below, which of the following best fits the cell labeled B?a. sapiensc. Homob. Canisd. AnimaliaClassification of Three Different cteriaSpirochaetalesSpirochaetaceaeCristispiraBox lisPrimatesHominidaeBCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Modern Biology134Chapter Test

BackPrintNameClassDateClassification of Organisms, Chapter Test B continuedRead each question, and write your answer in the space provided.24. List the levels of classification developed by Linnaeus, from the broadestcategory to the most specific.25. Compare and contrast Aristotle’s system of classification with that of Linnaeus.26. The kingdom Protista includes a wide variety of organisms that are moredistantly related to each other than plants are to animals. Why are theygrouped together in one kingdom?27. What does a cladogram of a group of organisms represent.28. Explain how embryological evidence helps to define phylogeny.29. Compare and contrast the six-kingdom system of classification withthe three-domain system. What evidence prompted the developmentof the three-domain system?Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Modern Biology135Chapter Test

BackPrintNameClassDateClassification of Organisms, Chapter Test B continuedFollow the directions given below.30. The phylogenetic diagram below shows one hypothesis about the relationshipsamong the Galápagos finches that Darwin catalogued. The diagram is basedon morphological evidence alone. Use the tree to answer the questions below.C. heliobatesCamarhynchuspallidusWoodpeckerlikeG. fortisG. magnirostrisG. fuliginosaG. scandensC. pauperG. conirostrisC. psittaculaSeed-eatingC. parvulusCactus-eatingG. ectivorousC. crassirostrisVegetarianGround finchesWarblerlikeTree finchesCommon ancestora. Early finches diverged into ground finches and tree finches (which includethe warblerlike finches). What environmental pressures might have causedthis divergence?b. Compare the number of insectivorous species with the number of cactuseating species. What does this suggest about the diversity of food sourcesfor both types of birds?c. The finches’ environments and food are noted on this tree, but this information did not contribute to shaping the diagram. The diagram derives fromthe birds’ morphology. What morphological feature might all three seedeating ground finches have in common?d. What evidence might a cladistic taxonomist use to propose that any twospecies in this diagram share a close evolutionary relationship?e. What kinds of information available to modern taxonomists might causethem to reconsider the branching patterns shown on this diagram?Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Modern Biology136Chapter Test

BackPrint PAGETEACHER RESOURCEPopulation Geneticsand SpeciationChapter Test B 7.28.29.c12. cf13. ba14. ah15. be16. cb17. bd18. dg19. ca20. ab21. dcIn a small population, an individualaccounts for a relatively large fractionof the total number of alleles. Thus,the reproductive success of anindividual can have a large impact onallele frequencies in the population.no net mutations; no immigration oremigration; large population; randommating; no selectionGene flow results in changes in allelefrequencies.The graphic representation of a traitin a population is a bell-shaped curvebecause the average form of the traitis found in most members, whileextreme forms of the trait are foundin few members.In punctuated equilibrium, a speciesdoes not change for a long period oftime but then changes rapidly over ashort period of time. In gradual evolutionary change, a species changesslowly and steadily over a long periodof time.allele frequencies: R 10/16 0.625;r 6/16 0.375; phenotype frequencies:red 3/8 0.375, pink 4/8 0.5,white 1/8 0.125Morphological species are classifiedbased on the internal and/or externalstructure and appearance of an organism. Biological species are classifiedby whether a group of organisms cansuccessfully interbreed, but cannotbreed with other groups.To be in genetic equilibrium, individuals in a population must only materandomly. In sexual selection, femaleschoose to mate with males based oncertain traits.30. (a) stabilizing (b) disruptive (c) about6.0 cm in 1940; about 3.25 and 8.0 cmin 1980 (d) The fish prefers mediumsize (4 cm–7 cm long) leeches(e) Answers will vary. For example,fish in captivity could be offered anumber of leeches ranging from1 cm to 10 cm long, and the fishes’preferences could be noted.Classification of OrganismsChapter Test A ion of OrganismsChapter Test B (Advanced)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.24.b13. ih14. cf15. ad16. dg17. ce18. bc19. da20. am21. dl22. dk23. cjkingdom, phylum/division, class,order, family, genus, species25. Aristotle grouped organisms as plantsand animals, as did Linnaeus. Aristotlealso grouped organisms by habitat.Linnaeus grouped morphologicallyrelated organisms into a seven-levelhierarchy.Copyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Modern Biology419Answer Key

BackPrint PAGETEACHER RESOURCE26. Kingdom Protista includes all eukary-27.28.29.30.otes that are not plants, animals, orfungi. It contains unicellular andmulticellular organisms that lackspecialized tissues.A cladogram for a group of organismsrepresents one possible interpretationfor the evolutionary relationshipsbetween the organisms in the groupbeing investigated.Animals that have similar embryological development probably shared arelatively recent ancestor.In the three-domain system, domainArchaea consists of kingdomArchaebacteria; domain Bacteria iscomposed of kingdom Eubacteria; anddomain Eukarya is composed of kingdoms Protista, Plantae, Fungi, andAnimalia. The three-domain system isbased on comparisons of rRNA, whichindicates how long ago any two organisms shared a common ancestor.(a) This divergence might have beencaused by a decreased availability offood preferred by the ancestral birds.(b) Insects probably were a moreplentiful food source than cactus.(c) Their beaks are adapted for crackingseeds. (d) A cladistic taxonomist mightuse evidence of shared derived characters, such as a beak shape that differedfrom that of an ancestor. (e) analysesof genetic material24. Energy is always lost when it is trans-ferred from one trophic level to thenext.25. Producers capture from the sun all theenergy for an ecosystem.Introduction to EcologyChapter Test B ction to EcologyChapter Test A (General)1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.23.d12. ba13. cb14. bc15. dd16. fb17. gb18. dc19. ad20. bb21. cc22. eWithout bacteria and fungi, deadorganisms would not decompose, andthe nutrients within their bodieswould be unavailable to other livingorganisms.24.25.26.27.28.d11. af12. cg13. bh14. ba15. cc16. bb17. ce18. bc19. bdA trophic level indicates an organism’sposition in a sequence of energytransfer levels in an ecosystem thatis occupied by one or more types oforganisms. An organism’s trophic levelis determined by its source of food.Models help ecologists understand theenvironment and make predictionsabout how it might change. Models arelimited in their applications becausethey cannot account for every variablein an environment.A species with a broad niche can livein a variety of places and can use avariety of resources.biosphere, ecosystem, community,population, and organismTrees, grass, animals, flowers, and allother living components are bioticfactors. Sunlight, seasonal changes,storms, fires, and earthquakes aresome examples of abiotic factors.Each is a response that allowsorganisms to avoid unfavorableenvironmental conditions.A regulator could tolerate a widerrange of environmental conditions,because their internal conditions arekept at the optimal range over a widerange of external conditions.photosynthesis and chemosynthesisThe three major processes in thewater cycle are evaporation, precipitation, and transpiration. Evaporation isthe change from liquid water to waterCopyright by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.Modern Biology420Answer Key

Modern Biology 136 Chapter Test Name Class Date Classification of Organisms, Chapter Test B continued Follow the directions given below. 30. The phylogenetic diagram below shows one hypothesis about the relationships among the Galápagos finches that Darwin catalogu