COVID-19 Vaccine FAQs - San Francisco

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COVID-19 Vaccine FAQsAbout the VaccineHow do COVID-19 vaccineswork?Vaccines work with your body’s naturaldefenses so your body will be readyto fight the virus if you are exposed.This is also called immunity. COVID-19vaccination works by teaching yourimmune system how to recognize andfight the virus that causes COVID-19,and this protects you from getting sickwith the virus.To learn more about how vaccineswork, see: t-vaccines/how-they-work.htmlWill the vaccine give meCOVID-19?No. There is no live virus in the vaccines,so they can’t infect you.How did they make the vaccineso quickly?quickly developing a vaccine forCOVID-19 because of the world-wideimpact of the pandemic. Both Pfizerand Moderna used similar processeswhen developing their vaccine. Eventhough COVID-19 is new, these typesof viruses (called coronaviruses)have been studied since the 1960s.This knowledge helped scientistsunderstand the virus to make a vaccine.How do we really know ifCOVID-19 vaccines are safe?The Advisory Committee onImmunization Practices (ACIP) reviewsall data before recommending anyCOVID-19 vaccine.More than 70,000 people of differentages, races, ethnicities, and medicalconditions participated in clinical trialsto make sure the vaccines meet safetystandards and offer the protections weneed.For more on ensuringthe safety of COVID-19vaccines, ety.htmlMany pharmaceutical companiesinvested significant resources intoPAGE 1 OF 7

Is the COVID-19 vaccine safe forchildren?Does the vaccine sterilizewomen?The focus of COVID-19 vaccinedevelopment has been on adults.Pfizer’s vaccine has been authorized forages 16 and up. Moderna’s vaccine iscurrently authorized for ages 18 and up.No. Stories and claims on social mediaand anti-vaccination websites sayingthat the vaccine interferes with theformation of the placenta are false.There is no evidence the vaccine wouldresult in sterilization of women.Will a COVID-19 vaccine alter myDNA?No. The COVID-19 vaccine has mRNAin it and is not able to change a person’sgenetic makeup (DNA). The vaccinenever enters the nucleus of the cell,which is where our DNA are kept. Thismeans the vaccine does not affect orinteract with our DNA in any way.Do either of these vaccineshave mercury, aluminum, orformaldehyde in them?No. The vaccines that are currentlyavailable do not have mercury, aluminum,formaldehyde, or preservatives.For information on the ingredients of thevaccines, see:Getting VaccinatedWhen will I get vaccinated?The federal and state governmentis overseeing the distribution of thevaccination. Most vaccines are beingdistributed directly to healthcareproviders. Due to the limited amountof vaccine, the state of Californiadeveloped a prioritization plan for whogets the vaccine when, based on theirrisk of getting COVID-19.For more on thepriority plan, tedPfizer-BioNTech COVID-19Vaccine EUA Fact Sheet forRecipients and Caregivers(Pfizer): www.fda.gov/media/144414/downloadHow can I get the COVID-19vaccine?Moderna COVID-19Vaccine EUA Fact Sheet forRecipients and Caregivers(Moderna): www.fda.gov/media/144638/downloadIf you are a healthcare worker, contactyour employer.Most people will get vaccinated throughtheir healthcare providers.If you are a Long-Term Care FacilitiesPAGE 2 OF 7

(LTCF) resident, contact your caretaker.In many parts of the state, CVS andWalgreen pharmacies will administerthe vaccines to residents in long-termcare and staff.What happens when I get thevaccine?The vaccines currently available requiretwo shots spaced 3–4 weeks apart. Thefirst shot helps your body recognizethe virus and helps prepare yourimmune system, and the second shotstrengthens that immune response.What happens if I only get 1shot?You need both shots to be fullyprotected. We strongly recommend thatyou get both shots.How much does it cost?Vaccine doses purchased with U.S.taxpayer dollars will be given to theAmerican people at no cost. However,vaccination providers will be able tocharge an administration fee for givingthe shot to someone. Vaccine providerscan get this fee reimbursed by thepatient’s public or private insurancecompany or, for uninsured patients, bythe Health Resources and ServicesAdministration’s Provider Relief Fund.Will I be able to choose whichvaccine I get?No. The vaccine you get will be basedon what your provider has available. ThePfizer and Moderna vaccines are almostidentical. There are no differences inhow well they work or their safety.Is taking the vaccinemandatory?No, but you are strongly encouraged toget the vaccine once it’s available.Do I need to have a COVID-19test before I get the vaccine?No, you do not need a COVID-19 testbefore getting a vaccine.I have allergies. Should I take thevaccine?CDC recommends that people witha history of severe allergic reactionsnot related to vaccines or injectablemedications—such as food, pet, venom,environmental, or latex allergies—getvaccinated. If you have had a severeallergic reaction to any ingredient in anmRNA COVID-19 vaccine, you shouldnot get either of the currently availablemRNA COVID-19 vaccines. If you hada severe allergic reaction after gettingthe first dose of an mRNA COVID-19vaccine, CDC recommends that youshould not get the second dose.PAGE 3 OF 7

Is there any reason I shouldn’tget the vaccine?Because of age, health conditions, orother factors, some people should notget certain vaccines or should waitbefore getting them.To learn more about who should NOTget the vaccine, linicalconsiderations.htmlDo I have to get a vaccine if I’vealready had COVID-19?Due to the severe health risksassociated with COVID-19 and thefact that re-infection with COVID-19 ispossible, people may be advised to geta COVID-19 vaccine even if they havebeen sick with COVID-19 before.At this time, experts do not knowhow long someone is protected fromgetting sick again after recovering fromCOVID-19. The protection someonegains from having an infection (callednatural immunity) varies depending onthe disease, and it varies from person toperson. Since this virus is new, we don’tknow how long natural immunity mightlast. So far reinfection has been rare.If I’m pregnant or breastfeeding,should I get the vaccine?for people who are pregnant to get avaccine for COVID-19. However, theydo state that if you are breastfeedingor are pregnant and are part of a grouprecommended to receive the vaccine,you may choose to be vaccinated. Wesuggest you talk with your health careprovider so you can make an informeddecision.Do I still have to wear a maskafter getting the vaccine?Yes. It’s possible for you to spread thevirus even after getting the vaccine.The vaccine is designed to stop thevirus from making you sick. We don’t yetknow if the vaccine will stop you fromspreading the virus.VaccineEffectivenessDo the vaccines work differentlyor have different side effects forpeople of diverse ages, racialbackgrounds, sexes, and otherdifferences?Trial results have shown that thevaccines are safe and work well foradults of all ages, races, genders, andethnic backgrounds.According to the CDC, we don’t yethave information about how safe it isPAGE 4 OF 7

How long will the COVID-19vaccine last?The research is not complete on this.Further research will tell us more abouthow long immunity lasts and if peoplewill need more shots in the future.Possible side effects include:On the arm where you got the shot: Pain, redness, and swellingThroughout the rest of your body: Fever ChillsCan I still get COVID after I getthe vaccine? HeadacheIt’s possible. While both vaccinesare shown to be highly effective inpreventing people from getting the virus(95%), you can still get COVID-19 andbe sick even if you get the vaccination.Most studies show that most peoplewho get the vaccine, get less sick thanthose who do not get the vaccine. Butuntil we can vaccinate everyone andbecause we don’t know if the vaccinecan stop you from spreading the virus,it’s important to continue wearinga mask, avoiding crowds, sociallydistancing, and washing your handsfrequently. Joint and body achesWhat to ExpectAfter VaccinationWhat are the side effects?The vaccines may cause side effects insome people. For most people, theseside effects will last no longer than a dayor two. TirednessTo reduce pain and discomfort whereyou got the shot: Apply a clean, cool, wet washclothover the area Use or exercise your armTo reduce other symptoms, talk toyour doctor about taking an over-thecounter medication such as Tylenol orIbuprofen.Side effects are a sign that the vaccineis working to help teach your body howto fight COVID-19 if you are exposed.They do NOT mean you have COVID-19.You can’t get COVID-19 from thevaccine. If you have questions aboutyour health after your shot, call yourdoctor, nurse, health or clinic.Are there long-term side effectsfrom COVID-19 vaccine?Because all COVID-19 vaccines are new,it will take more time and more peoplegetting vaccinated to learn about veryrare or possible long-term side effects.PAGE 5 OF 7

Vaccine PlanningWhen can we get the COVID-19vaccination?The state is determining who is gettingvaccinated and when. They haveoutlined a plan based who is most at riskat contracting the virus.The state has divided vaccine allocationinto phases. Currently, California hasonly defined Phase 1a, which is splitinto three tiers and covers more than80,000 people in San Francisco. Itincludes frontline healthcare workersat highest risk of being exposed toCOVID-19 from their job, such as: acutecare nurses, doctors, janitors, EMTs, andparamedics. It also includes residents ofskilled nursing facilities, assisted livingfacilities, and similar settings for older ormedically-vulnerable individuals.Phase 1a has 3 tiers.See ng-Phase-1ARecommendations.aspxTier 1 Acute care, psychiatric, andcorrectional facility hospitals Skilled nursing facilities First responders (paramedics,EMTs) Dialysis centersTier 2Who will get theCOVID-19 vaccinefirst?The state plan for vaccination providesthe vaccine to those most at risk ofgetting the COVID-19 from their job andas well as older or vulnerable people.The plan has been split into phases (1a,1b, 1c) and within those phases are tiers.San Francisco is currently in Phase1a. More than 80,000 people in SanFrancisco are in Phase 1a. Intermediate care facilities Home health care and in-homesupportive services Community health workers Public health field staff Primary and urgent care clinicsTier 3 Specialty clinics Laboratory workers Dental and other oral health clinics Pharmacy staff not working insettings at higher tiersPAGE 6 OF 7

Phase 1b is proposed buthas not been approved.You can find updates here:covid19.ca.gov/vaccines1b Tier One: Individuals 75 and older Those at risk of exposure at workin the following sectors: education,childcare, emergency services, andfood and agriculture1b Tier Two: Individuals 65–74 years of age Those at risk of exposure atwork in the following sectors:transportation and logistics;industrial, commercial, residential,and sheltering facilities andservices; critical manufacturing Congregate settings with outbreakrisk: incarcerated and homelessOther Links:There are several safety monitoring systems set up in the US, including:Vaccine AdverseEvent ReportingSystem (VAERS):vaers.hhs.govVaccine safety monitoring/vsd/index.htmlClinical ImmunizationSafety AssessmentProject nitoring/cisa/index.html“V-safe”: htmlFor additional and updated information about vaccine allocations,visit the California Department of Public Health’s VID-19/COVID-19Vaccine.aspxSan Francisco Vaccine InformationTo learn more about vaccines in San Francisco, visit:sf.gov/covidvaccinePAGE 7 OF 7

Is the COVID-19 vaccine safe for children? The focus of COVID-19 vaccine development has been on adults. Pfizer’s vaccine has been authorized for ages 16 and up. Moderna’s vaccine is currently authorized for ages 18 and up. Will a COVID-19 vaccine alter my DNA? No. The COVID-19 va

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