Reviewing Physics: The Physical Setting
ANSWER KEYReviewing Physics:The Physical SettingTHIRD EDITIONAmsco School Publications, Inc.315 Hudson Street / New York, N.Y. 10013N 7310 CD
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CHAPTER1MechanicsPART A: Pages 9–101. A girl leaves a history classroom and walks 10.meters north to a drinking fountain. Then sheturns and walks 30. meters south to an artclassroom. What is the girl’s total displacement from the history classroom to the artclassroom?ANSWER: (1) 20. m south2. A projectile is fired with an initial velocity of120. meters per second at an angle, h, abovethe horizontal. If the projectile’s initial horizontal speed is 55 meters per second, thenangle h measures approximatelyANSWER: (3) 63 3. A student on her way to school walks fourblocks south, five blocks west, and anotherfour blocks south, as shown in the diagram.Compared to the distance she walks the magnitude of her displacement from home toschool isANSWER: (1) less4. The diagram below shows a resultant vector, R.RWhich diagram best represents a pair of component vectors, A and B, that would combineto form resultant vector R?AAHomeBB(3)(1)A4 blocksBAB(2)(4)ANSWER: (1)5 blocks4 blocks5. A vector makes an angle, h, with the horizontal. The horizontal and vertical componentsof the vector will be equal in magnitude if theangle isANSWER: (2) 45 PART B-1: Page 10School6. Which pair of forces acting concurrently onan object will produce the resultant of greatest magnitude?1
6.0 N4.0 N4.0 N6.0 N4.0 N4.0 N6.0 N6.0 N14.(1)(2)(3)(4)ANSWER: (4)7. Which vector diagram represents the greatestmagnitude of displacement for an R: (2)8. A car travels 90. meters due north in 15 seconds. Then the car turns around and travels40. meters due south in 5.0 seconds. What isthe magnitude of the average velocity of thecar during this 20-second interval?ANSWER: (1) 2.5 m/s9. A skater increases her speed uniformly from2.0 meters per second to 7.0 meters per second over a distance of 12 meters. The magnitude of her acceleration as she travels this 12meters isANSWER: (1) 1.9 m/s210. In a 4.0-kilometer race, a runner completesthe first kilometer in 5.9 minutes, the secondkilometer in 6.2 minutes, the third kilometerin 6.3 minutes, and the final kilometer in 6.0minutes. The average speed of the runner forthe race is approximatelyANSWER: (1) 0.16 km/min11. A golf ball is hit with an initial velocity of 15meters per second at an angle of 35 degreesabove the horizontal. What is the verticalcomponent of the golf ball’s initial velocity?ANSWER: (1) 8.6 m/s12. The speed of a wagon increases from 2.5 meters per second to 9.0 meters per second in 3.0seconds as it accelerates uniformly down ahill. What is the magnitude of the accelerationof the wagon during this 3.0-second interval?ANSWER: (2) 2.2 m/s213. An object with an initial speed of 4.0 metersper second accelerates uniformly at 2.0 me-217.18.19.20.25Velocity (m/s)PART A: Pages 15–16ters per second2 in the direction of its motionfor a distance of 5.0 meters. What is the finalspeed of the object?ANSWER: (1) 6.0 m/sAn astronaut drops a hammer from 2.0 meters above the surface of the moon. If the acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.62meters per second2, how long will it take forthe hammer to fall to the moon’s surface?ANSWER: (3) 1.6 sThe average speed of a runner in a 400.-meterrace is 8.0 meters per second. How long did ittake the runner to complete the race?ANSWER: (2) 50. sWhich statement about the movement of anobject with zero acceleration is true?ANSWER: (4) The object may be in motion.An object travels for 8.00 seconds with an average speed of 160. meters per second. Thedistance traveled by the object isANSWER: (3) 1280 mAn object is displaced 12 meters to the rightand then 16 meters upward. The magnitudeof the resultant displacement isANSWER: (3) 20 mAn object moves a distance of 10 meters in 5seconds. The average speed of the object isANSWER: (2) 2.0 m/sThe graph following represents the relationship between velocity and time for an objectmoving in a straight line.2015105012 3 4Time (s)5What is the acceleration of the object?ANSWER: (1) 0 m/s221. Acceleration is a vector quantity that represents the time-rate of change inANSWER: (2) velocity22. A moving body must undergo a change ofANSWER: (3) position23. What is the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity vector shown below?Reviewing Physics: The Physical Setting Answer Key
/sHorizontalPART B-1: Pages 16–18TimeSpeed vs. Time25Speed (m/s)20.1510.50123Time (s)45DistanceWhat is the total distance traveled by the object during the first 4 seconds?ANSWER: (3) 40 mTime(4)30. The graph below shows the velocity of a racecar moving along a straight line as a functionof time.Velocity vs. Time80.0Time0Time0Velocity(1)TimeVelocity (m/s)60.VelocityDisplacement029. The graph below represents the relationshipbetween speed and time for an object movingalong a straight line.ANSWER: (4)28. Which pair of graphs represents the same motion of an object?DisplacementTimeANSWER: elocity027. Which graph best represents the motion of ablock accelerating uniformly down an inclined plane?Time(1)Time(3)DisplacementANSWER: (4) 40. m/s24. The maximum number of components that asingle force may be resolved into isANSWER: (4) unlimited25. Which quantity has both magnitude and direction?ANSWER: (4) velocity26. If a man walks 17 meters east then 17 meterssouth, the magnitude of the man’s displacement isANSWER: (2) 24 .0Time (s)3.0Chapter 1: Mechanics4.03
Distance34. Which graph represents an object moving at aconstant speed for the entire time interval?DistanceWhat is the magnitude of the displacement ofthe car from t 2.0 seconds to t 4 seconds?ANSWER: (3) 120 m31. The displacement-time graph below represents the motion of a cart initially moving forward along a straight line.Time(1)DBTime(2)ETime (s)25VelocityVelocityDuring which interval is the cart moving forward at constant speed?ANSWER: (2) BC32. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween velocity and time for an object thataccelerates uniformly for 2 seconds, thenmoves at a constant velocity for 1 second, andfinally decelerates for 3 seconds?Displacement(meters)524Time (s)DSpeed (m/s)1 2 3 4 5 6Time (s)(4)6E2015B3211 2 3 4 5Time (seconds)CF105G0A4ANSWER: (3) 0.5 m/sB1025ANSWER: (1)33. The graph below represents the motion of anobject traveling in a straight line as a functionof time. What is the average speed of the object during the first 4 seconds?015ANSWER: (3) three times as greatBase your answers to questions 36 through 41on the graph below, which represents the relationship between speed and time for an objectin motion along a straight line.Velocity1 2 3 4 5 6Time (s)(2)A2001 2 3 4 5 6Time (s)(3)Velocity1 2 3 4 5 6Time (s)(1)Time(4)ANSWER: (4)35. The graph shows the relationship betweenspeed and time for two objects, A and B. Compared with the acceleration of object B, theacceleration of object A isSpeed (m/s)A4DistanceCTime(3)DistanceDisplacement (m)Displacement vs. Time123456Time (s)7891036. What is the acceleration of the object duringthe time interval t 3 s to t 5 s?ANSWER: (2) 7.5 m/s237. What is the average speed of the object duringthe time interval t 6 s to t 8 sANSWER: (4) 17.5 m/sReviewing Physics: The Physical Setting Answer Key
38. What is the total distance traveled by the object during the first 3 seconds?ANSWER: (3) 25 m39. During which interval is the object’s acceleration the greatest?ANSWER: (1) AB40. During the interval t 8 s to t 10 s, the speedof the object isANSWER: (3) decreasing41. What is the maximum speed reached by theobject during the 10 seconds of travel?ANSWER: (2) 25 m/sBase your answers to questions 42 through 46on the accompanying graph, which representsthe motions of four cars on a straight road.80CAR DSpeed (m/s)706050CAR ACAR CCAR BCAR B4030CARC2010CAR12DCAR1416Time (s)18A2042. The speed of car C at time t 20 s is closest toANSWER: (1) 60 m/s43. Which car has zero acceleration?ANSWER: (2) B44. Which car is decelerating?ANSWER: (1) A45. Which car moves the greatest distance in thetime interval t 10 s to t 16 s?ANSWER: (1) A46. Which graph best represents the relationshipbetween distance and time for car C?dThe worker’s pull on the handle of the cart canbest be described as a force havingANSWER: (3) both magnitude and direction48. Which is a vector quantity?ANSWER: (4) force49. A 5.0-newton force and a 7.0-newton force actconcurrently on a point. As the angle betweenthe forces is increased from 0 to 180 , themagnitude of the resultant of the two forceschanges fromANSWER: (3) 12.0 N to 2.0 N50. A 5.0-newton force could have perpendicularcomponents ofANSWER: (3) 3.0 N and 4.0 N51. Forces A and B have a resultant R. Force A andresultant R are represented in the followingdiagram.RAWhich vector best represents force B?Btd(2)BBd(1)(1)B(3)tdt(4)tANSWER: (2)PART A: Pages 20–2147. The diagram below shows a worker using arope to pull a cart.(2)(3)(4)ANSWER: (2)52. Two 10.0-newton forces act concurrently on apoint at an angle of 180 to each other. Themagnitude of the resultant of the two forces isANSWER: (1) 0.00 N53. A force of 3 newtons and a force of 5 newtonsact concurrently to produce a resultant of8 newtons. The angle between the forcesmay beANSWER: (1) 0 Chapter 1: Mechanics5
54. A table exerts a 2.0-newton force on a booklying on the table. The force exerted by thebook on the table isANSWER: (2) 2.0 NFθMassHorizontal55. The diagram represents two concurrentforces acting on a point.Which vector best represents their resultant?(1)(2)(3)Frictionless surfaceAs the angle is increased, the horizontal acceleration of the massANSWER: (1) decreases63. The diagram below represents a 5.0-newtonforce and a 12-newton force acting on point P.(4)56. The resultant of two forces acting on the samepoint at the same time will be greatest whenthe angle between the forces isANSWER: (1) 0 57. What is the magnitude of the vector sum ofthe two concurrent forces represented in thediagram?2.0 N5.0 NANSWER: (4)P12 NThe resultant of the two forces has a magnitude ofANSWER: (4) 13 N64. The vector diagram below represents twoforces, F1 and F2, simultaneously acting on anobject.F1F21.5 NANSWER: (2) 2.5 NWhich vector best represents the resultant ofthe two forces?58. The resultant of two concurrent forces is minimum when the angle between them isANSWER: (4) 180 59. As the angle between two concurrent forces of10 newtons and 12 newtons changes from180 to 0 , the magnitude of their resultantchanges fromANSWER: (2) 2.0 N to 2260. Two concurrent forces act at right angles toeach other. If one of the forces is 40 newtonsand the resultant of the two forces is 50 newtons, the magnitude of the other force must beANSWER: (3) 30 NRRR(1)(2)(4)30. N30. N30. 120. 30. N30. N(1)30. N(3)30.180. 60. PART B-1: Pages 21–226(3)ANSWER: (2)65. Two 30.-newton forces act concurrently on anobject. In which diagram would the forcesproduce a resultant with a magnitude of 30.newtons?61. If two 10.-newton concurrent forces have a resultant of zero, the angle between the forcesmust beANSWER: (4) 180 62. The diagram below shows a force of magnitude F applied to a mass at angle h relative toa horizontal frictionless surface.R30. N(2)ANSWER: (3)Reviewing Physics: The Physical Setting Answer Key30. N30. N(4)
PART A: Pages 26–2966. How far will a brick starting from rest fallfreely in 3 seconds?ANSWER: (3) 44 m67. If the sum of all the forces acting on a movingobject is zero, the object willANSWER: (4) continue moving with constantvelocity68. A net force of 10. newtons accelerates an object at 5.0 meters per second2. What net forcewould be required to accelerate the same object at 1 meter per second2?ANSWER: (2) 2.0 N69. The graph below represents the relationshipbetween gravitational force and mass for objects near the surface of Earth.76. A ball dropped from rest falls freely until it hitsthe ground with a speed of 20 meters per second. The time during which the ball is in freefall is approximatelyANSWER: (2) 2 s77. Two carts are pushed apart by an expandingspring, as shown in the diagram below.1 kg2 kgIf the average force on the 1-kilogram cart is 1newton, what is the average force on the 2kilogram cart?ANSWER: (1) 1 NGravitationalForce075. A 40.-kilogram mass is moving across a horizontal surface at 5.0 meters per second. Whatis the magnitude of the net force required tobring the mass to a stop in 8.0 seconds?ANSWER: (3) 25 N78. A lab cart is loaded with different masses andmoved at various velocities. Which diagramshows the cart-mass system with the greatestinertia?Mass4 m/sThe slope of the graph represents theANSWER: (1) acceleration due to gravity70. A 1200-kilogram car traveling at 10. metersper second hits a tree and is brought to rest in0.10 second. What is the magnitude of the average force acting on the car to bring it to rest?ANSWER: (4) 1.2 105 N71. A spring scale reads 20. newtons as it pulls a5.0-kilogram mass across a table. What is themagnitude of the force exerted by the mass onthe spring scale?ANSWER: (2) 20. N72. An object weighs 100. newtons on Earth’s surface. When it is moved to a point one Earth radius above Earth’s surface, it will weighANSWER: (1) 25.0 N73. A ball thrown vertically upward reaches amaximum height of 30. meters above the surface of Earth. At its maximum height, thespeed of the ball isANSWER: (1) 0.0 m/s74. Which object has the most inertia?ANSWER: (4) a 10.-kilogram sled at rest1.5 m/s3 kg1 kg(1)(3)3 m/s1.0 m/s2 kg(2)4 kg(4)ANSWER: (4)79. A 1.0-kilogram ball is dropped from the roof ofa building 40. meters tall. What is the approximate time of fall? [Neglect air resistance.]ANSWER: (1) 2.9 sChapter 1: Mechanics7
80. A 2.0-kilogram laboratory cart is slidingacross a horizontal frictionless surface at aconstant velocity of 4.0 meters per secondeast. What will be the cart’s velocity after a 6.0newton westward force acts on it for 2.0 seconds?ANSWER: (2) 2.0 m/s westBase your answers to questions 81 and 82 onthe diagram below, which shows a 1.0-newtonmetal disk resting on an index card that is balanced on top of a glass.Index cardtional force of attraction between satellite Band the planet isANSWER: (3) one-fourth as great85. After a model rocket reached its maximumheight, it then took 5.0 seconds to return tothe launch site. What is the approximate maximum height reached by the rocket? [Neglectair resistance.]ANSWER: (3) 120 mMetal disk86. A 70.-kilogram astronaut has a weight of 560newtons on the surface of planet Alpha. Whatis the acceleration due to gravity on planetAlpha?ANSWER: (2) 8.0 m/s2Glass87. The diagram below shows a horizontal 8.0newton force applied to a 4.0-kilogram blockon a frictionless table.81. What is the net force acting on the disk?ANSWER: (3) 0 N82. When the index card is quickly pulled awayfrom the glass in a horizontal direction, thedisk falls straight down into the glass. This action is a result of the disk’sANSWER: (1) inertia83. A 400-newton girl standing on a dock exerts aforce of 100 newtons on a 10,000-newton sailboat as she pushes it away from the dock.How much force does the sailboat exert onthe girl?ANSWER: (2) 100 N84. The diagram below represents two satellitesof equal mass, A and B, in circular orbitsaround a planet.F 8.0 NFrictionless TableWhat is the magnitude of the block’s acceleration?ANSWER: (2) 2.0 m/s288. An object is dropped from rest and falls freely20. meters to Earth. When is the speed of theobject 9.8 meters per second?ANSWER: (2) at the end of its first second of fall89. Which cart has the greatest inertia?ANSWER: (4) a 4-kilogram cart traveling at aspeed of 1 m/s90. A container of rocks with a mass of 65.0 kilograms is brought back from the Moon’s surface where the acceleration due to gravity is1.62 meters per second2. What is the weight ofthe container of rocks on Earth’s surface?ANSWER: (1) 638 N91. A satellite weighs 200 newtons on the surfaceof Earth. What is its weight at a distance of oneEarth radius above the surface of Earth?ANSWER: (1) 50 NA2R4.0 kgRPlanet92. The diagram below shows a 5.00-kilogramblock at rest on a horizontal, frictionless table.B5.00-kgblockCompared to the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite Aand the planet, the magnitude of the gravita-8Reviewing Physics: The Physical Setting Answer KeyTable
94.95.96.97.98.99.5.00 N(4)ANSWER: (1)A person is standing on a bathroom scale inan elevator car. If the scale reads a valuegreater than the weight of the person at rest,the elevator car could be movingANSWER: (4) upward at increasing speedThe acceleration due to gravity on the surfaceof planet X is 19.6 meters per second2. If anobject on the surface of this planet weighs980. newtons, the mass of the object isANSWER: (1) 50.0 kgA basketball player jumped straight up tograb a rebound. If she was in the air for 0.80second, how high did she jump?ANSWER: (4) 3.1 mA man is pushing a baby stroller. Comparedto the magnitude, or amount, of force exertedon the stroller by the man, the magnitude ofthe force exerted on the man by the stroller isANSWER: (4) the sameA man standing on a scale in an elevator notices that the scale reads 30 newtons greaterthan his normal weight. Which type ofmovement of the elevator could cause thisgreater-than-normal reading?ANSWER: (1) accelerating upwardAn object with a mass of 2 kilograms is accelerated at 5 meters per second2. The netforce acting on the mass isANSWER: (3) 10 NThe diagram below represents a constantforce F acting on a box located on a frictionless horizontal surface. As the angle h between the force and the horizontal increases, the acceleration of the box willANSWER: (1) decreaseFθHorizontal100. An object accelerates at 2.5 meters per second2 when an unbalanced force of 10. newtons acts on it. What is the mass of the object?ANSWER: (4) 4.0 nce(4)ANSWER: (1)108. Which is constant for a freely falling object?ANSWER: (4) acceleration109. An object starting from rest falls freely nearEarth’s surface. Which graph best representsthe motion of the object?Velocity(1)Block49.1 Velocity5.00 kgVelocity49.1 N101. An unbalanced force of 10.0 newtons causesan object to accelerate at 2.0 m/s2. What isthe mass of the object?ANSWER: (2) 5.0 kg102. An unbalanced force of 10 newtons acts on a20-kilogram mass for 5 seconds. The acceleration of the mass isANSWER: (1) 0.5 m/s2103. Two objects of equal mass are a fixed distance apart. If the mass of each object couldbe tripled, the gravitational force betweenthe objects wouldANSWER: (4) increase 9 times104. Which two quantities are measured in thesame units?ANSWER: (2) weight and force105. What is the weight of a 5.0-kilogram objectat Earth’s surface?ANSWER: (3) 49 N106. What is the gravitational acceleration on aplanet where a 2-kilogram mass has a weightof 16 newtons on the planet’s surface?ANSWER: (2) 8 m/s2107. Which graph represents the relationship between the mass of an object and its distancefrom Earth’s surface?MassWhich diagram best represents the force exerted on the block by the table?Time(2)Time(4)ANSWER: (2)Chapter 1: Mechanics9
cityVelocityANSWER: (3)114. An astronaut drops a stone near the surfaceof the Moon. Which graph best representsthe motion of the stone as it falls toward theMoon’s surface?VelocityTime(2)ANSWER: ionAccelerationAcceleration115. A constant unbalanced force is applied to anobject for a period of time. Which graph bestrepresents the acceleration of the object as afunction of elapsed time?Time(3)Time(4)ANSWER: (4)Base your answers to questions 116 and 117on
4 Reviewing Physics: The Physical Setting Answer Key What is the magnitude of the displacement of the car from t 2.0 seconds to t 4 seconds? ANSWER: (3) 120 m 31. The displacement-time graph below repre-sents the motion of a cart initially moving for-ward along a straight line. During which interval is the cart moving for-ward at constant speed .
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