MIGRATION IN UKRAINE FACTS & FIGURES

2y ago
37 Views
2 Downloads
1.75 MB
7 Pages
Last View : 2m ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Mara Blakely
Transcription

International Organization for Migration (IOM)Mission in UkraineMIGRATION FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALLMIGRATION IN UKRAINEFACTS & FIGURESSEPTEMBER 2011

SEPTEMBER, 2011SEPTEMBER, 2011IOMFOREWORDDear Reader,With ‘Migration in Ukraine: Facts and Figures’, the Ukraine Mission of the InternationalOrganization for Migration (IOM) intends to provide you with a compilation ofmigration trends and statistics.While this short overview can only provide an introduction to the complex andoften inter-related topic of migration issues in Ukraine, we have tried to the extentpossible, to put the facts and figures in context and to highlight how the relevanttrends have evolved over time. This appears even more important given the oftenlimited information available.In line with IOM’s overall mandate, this fact sheet aims at advancing the understandingof the opportunities and challenges of migration in the Ukrainian context. Maximizingthose opportunities and minimizing the challenges accompanied with migratorymovements are the guiding principles of all activities and programmes the Missionis engaged in.In doing so, the IOM Mission in Ukraine continues fighting trafficking in humanbeings, assisting the Government in dealing with irregular migration and migrationmanagement, and creating migrant-inclusive health practices and policies. At thesame time, IOM Ukraine engages in exploring and promoting regular channels forUkrainian labour migrants, integrating ethnic minorities, promoting the benefits ofcultural diversity, and counteracting xenophobia.This overview is a dynamic document, which will be updated on a regular basis, andthus, we welcome any comments, advice and new data, which you might have andthat may help to improve this document in the future.Manfred ProfaziChief of Mission,IOM Mission in UkraineEstablished in 1951, the International Organizationfor Migration (IOM) is the leadinginter-governmental organization in the field ofmigration. It works closely with governmental,intergovernmental and non-governmental partners.IOM is committed to the principle that humaneand orderly migration benefits migrants andsociety. As an intergovermental organization,IOM acts with its partners in the internationalcommunity to: assist in meeting theoperational challenges of migration; advanceunderstanding of migration issues; encouragesocial and economic development throughmigration; and uphold the human dignity andwell-being of migrants.IOM has been operating in Ukraine since 1996,assisting the Government in dealing with thechallenging aspects of migration andpromoting the positive contributions ofmigrants to society. IOM works in the areas ofCounter-TraffickinginHumanBeings,Immigration and Border Management, Labourand Facilitated Migration, Migrant Health andMigration Movement Management.General InformationUKRAINE: Middle Income Country1 Population (as of 1 July 2011): 45.7 millionUkraine is the 29th biggest country in the world. Population growth2(average %, 2000-2011): -0.7 annuallyThe population of Ukraine is shrinking by330,000 per year.citizens were recorded as unemployed. Ifemployment abroad was impossible, theunemployment rate in Ukraine in 2008 is5estimated to have been 1.5 times higher .Immigration can be seen as a viable alternativeto reduce pressure on the local labour market.6 Ratio of economically active to economically3inactive population (2010): 1.75:1There is an increasing burden on the productivepart of the population to support the upbringingand pensions of the economically dependent.This directly impacts financial expenditures onsocial security. GDP (2010): USD 136.8 billion in current pricesIn 2008, Ukraine's economy was ranked 45th inthe world according to GDP (nominal). However,as a result of the economic crisis the country’s GDPcontracted by 15% in 2009, with fixed investmentsfalling by 46%. Since October 2008, the nationalcurrency Hryvnia has lost about 40% of its value7against the US Dollar (as of 2011). Unemployment rate according to theILO methodology (average 2010): 8% of4labour forceThe unemployment rate rose from 6.8% in 2006to 8.1% in 2010. In 2010, 545,000 Ukrainian Foreign direct investment (2010):8USD 5.5 billionThe net foreign direct investment (FDI) inUkraine increased by nearly 11% in 2010 from92009 (USD 5 billion) . All rights reserved, IOM Ukraine (2011)Waiver: Figures and statements presented in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of the International Organization for Migration (IOM).8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.uae-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.ua8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16

SEPTEMBER, 2011EmigrationImmigration17MAP 4. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF UKRAINIAN LABOUR MIGRANTS BY REGIONS OF ORIGINStock of emigrants*:106.5 million (expatriate Ukrainians according to the census ofStock of immigrants:1. 198,325 (number of immigrants registered by the Minisry*Persons, who reside not in the counries of their origin.2. 5.3 million*(residents of Ukraine bornabroad, according12Stock of emigrants as percentage of population:14.4%.*92% of them arrived from post-Soviet area, and 85% - before the USSR breakup, in other wordsthey were internal migrants then.Top destination countries: the RussianFederation, Germany, the United States,Israel, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland.Top countries of origin: the Russian Federation,Moldova, Uzbekistan, Belarus, Georgia, Armenia,Azerbaijan.the population of the foreign countries where they reside).SEPTEMBER, 2011of Internal Affairs of Ukraine in 2010)11to the census of the population in 2001)Labour MigrationFIGURE 1. MAIN DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF UKRAINIANLABOUR MIGRANTS WITH GENDER DISTRIBUTION (2005 - 2008)1350%FIGURE 2. GENDER BREAKDOWN14OF UKRAINIAN LABOUR MIGRANTSWomenMen40%67% Men30%20%Very HighHighAverageLowVery low10%0RussianFederationEU*Italy33% WomenCzechPolandRepublic*top six EU countries: Italy, Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Spain, Portugal.15FIGURE 3. MAIN EMPLOYMENT AREAS OF UKRAINIAN LABOUR MIGRANTS5% Other kinds of work9% Wholesale and retail trade17% Domestic care9% Agricultural sectorThe degree of economic divergence between Ukraine's regions is significant. For instance,per capita income in the Donetsk Region is USD 683 (in the first quarter of 2011), which is20% higher than the average income in Ukraine (USD 550), while the income in the ChernivtsiRegion (USD 352) is 37% less than the average. These economic disparities and asymmetricdevelopment paths between the regions have to be perceived as one of the factorsexplaining the current geographical distribution pattern18 (see Map 4). Other key factorsinclude EU border proximity, established migration networks, and cultural ties.6% Industry54% ConstructionThe dominant types of economic activity among Ukrainian labour migrants are construction,more prevalent among men, and domestic care, more common among women. It is estimatedthat approximately one quarter of all migrants are working abroad with an irregular status16.8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.uaEducationUkrainian labour migration, at least to a certain extent, can be characterized by‘brain waste’, in light of the existing mismatch between migrants’ skills andoccupied positions 19. Only few of the migrants manage to find jobs abroadcorresponding to their qualification levels, regardless of their education, almost allof them are working in low skilled jobs 20. This disparity is further evidenced whendata on migrants’ areas of employment abroad (see Figure 3) are juxtaposed withtheir education level (see Figure 5).e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.ua8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16

SEPTEMBER, 2011SEPTEMBER, 2011FIGURE 7. THE PROPORTION OFPOPULATION AGED 65 (2000 & 2025)2421FIGURE 5. EDUCATION LEVEL OF UKRAINIAN LABOUR MIGRANTSAging is an inevitable demographictrend and Ukraine is projected toexperience an increase in thepercentageofUkrainiansofretirement age (aged 65 or over) from14% to 20.5%24. This development willhave significant consequences for thelabour force, who will have to supportthe growing number of pensionersand people in need of health care.2510%% population59%15105014%59% Complete secondary17% Basic or incomplete higher14% Complete higher10% Primary or incomplete secondary2020002025Unemployment and Migration17%DemographicsThe population development of Ukraine is characterized by demographic decline. Between 1991and 2010 the total population declined from 51.7 million to 45.9 million, reflecting a sharp declinein birth rate and a negative migration balance. This trend is expected to continue, implying thatthe overall population will decline by another 10 million until 2050. By 2050, nearly half of thepopulation will be more than 45 years old22.Migrant-non-migrant wage differential: the average migrant wage abroad was USD 82025 in2008 , which was almost 3 times higher than the average salary in Ukraine (USD 28126). Themain migration push factors for Ukrainian labour migrants are the improvement of theirliving standards and the prospect of higher salaries (over 56%); whilst unemployment is a27marginal variable (less than 7%) . However income differentials are not the solemotivation factor for migration; the decision process includes non-fiscal variables such associal preferences and cultural values28.Migrant Monetary Transfers to Ukraine (Remittances)FIGURE 8.23FIGURE 6. POPULATION DECLINE IN UKRAINE 2010–20501046 mln8billion USD44 mln42 mln40 mln38 mln36 mln642034 mln32 mln30 mln201020158 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 162020202520302035e-mail: esFDIODANet FDI (2010): 5.5 billion USD29Remittances (2010): 5.2 billion USD30Official Development Assistance (2009): 0.667 billion USD31Remittances to Ukraine are nearly equivalentto Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and almosteight times higher than Official DevelopmentAssistance (ODA). Hypothetical modelsestimate that the Ukrainian economy wouldhave lost about 7% of its potential without thestimulating effects of migrant transfers32 andthat a 10% increase in per capita remittancesleads to a 3.5% decline in the share of peopleliving in poverty33. The biggest share ofremittances is used for living expenses (73%)and consumer goods (26%), whilst only 3.3%are used for setting up a business34. One percent reduction in transaction costs raisesrecorded remittances by 14-23%35.e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.ua8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16

SEPTEMBER, 2011Ukraine receives the largest shares of remittances from Russia, United States, Germany,Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom36, which indicates that it is not only Ukrainian labourmigrants making transfers but also the diaspora (see diaspora chart below).Ukrainian Diaspora37FIGURE 9. UKRAINIAN DIASPORA (STOCK, ussiaUSACanadaMoldova KazakhstanFIGURE 9. INFORMATION OF MOST INTEREST TOPOTENTIAL MIGRANTS FROM UKRAINE m/private visit5,0000*Based on the data collected by a network of Centres for Migrant Advice; most potentional migrants are interested in employment abroadand contact information of supporting organizations.e-mail: 2007200820092010Trafficking in Human Beings1,121MaleFemaleGender 62611%15,0008 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 161,20052525433242Trafficking info16%250,000FIGURE 12. VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING ASSISTED BY IOM IN UKRAINE (2000-2010)Contacts of organizations30,000FIGURE 11. NUMBER OF FOREIGN38CITIZENS REGISTERED IN UKRAINE (2003-2010)800Employment37%40,000inqueriesThe presented statistics refer only toregistered foreign nationals in Ukraine,whilst the real figure is beleived to behigher. The overall trend demonstratesa consistent decrease since 2006.OtherUkraine has one of the largest diaspora in the world, many of them maintainingcultural and economic linkages with the homeland.45,000Foreigners Residing in UkraineStudents comprise an importantsegment among the foreignpopulation in Ukraine. According tothe Ministry of Education, Science,Youth and Sports the number offoreign students has been constantlyrising – almost 47,000 foreign studentswere studying in Ukraine in 2010,which represents an 56% rise relativeto the figures for 2002 (22,022).3,000,00050,000SEPTEMBER, kraine remains one of the main countries of origin for victims of trafficking (VoTs). Out ofthe estimated 110,000 Ukrainian citizens who have become VoTs since 1991 (average5,500/annum) 39, IOM identified/assisted 7% (over 7,500). Numerous new trends areemerging, including an increase in labour exploitation; the risk group for traffickingexpanding from young women (15-24) to women and men of all ages; a rise in the numberof identified child victims; and an increasing number of foreign VoTs.e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.ua8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16

SEPTEMBER, 2011SEPTEMBER, 20114240FIGURE 15. IRREGULAR MIGRANTS APPREHENDED INSIDE UKRAINE (2003-2010)FIGURE 13. TOP DESTINATIONS OF VICTIMS OF TRAFFICKING* (2000-2010)4% Italy4% Ukraine20,0005% Czech Republic24% Other Countries18,00016,00014% vaOther8,0006,0004,00016% Turkey33% Russian Federation2,0000*Victims of trafficking assisted by IOM UkraineIrregular MigrationIn recent years, Ukraine has witnessed a shifting trend in main countries of origin ofirregular migrants detected at the border, with dominant nationalities changing from Asiato the newly independent states (CIS region).20032004200520062007200820092010Irregular migrants apprehended inside the country make up almost 50% of those detected at theborder, which indicates a need for an integrated migration management approach shifting beyonda border control focus.Detention43FIGURE 16. IRREGULAR MIGRANTS DETAINED IN UKRAINE (2009-2011)FIGURE 14. NUMBER AND NATIONALITY OF MIGRANTS WHO WERE NOT ALLOWED TO ENTER41UKRAINE, INCLUDING IRREGULAR MIGRANTS (2005 - 430020,000469427396350Other478218Apr'09Jun'09 Aug'09Oct'09Dec'09 Feb'10 Apr'10Jun'10 Aug'10Oct'10216Dec'10 Feb'115,000020058 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16200620072008e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.ua20092010Since 2009 the general trend signifies a decrease in the number of irregular migrants in detention,which is linked to the declining number of non-CIS (mainly Asian) third country nationals enteringUkraine irregularly.e-mail: iomkiev@iom.intwww.iom.org.ua8 Mykhailivska St., Kyiv, 01001, UkraineTel.: 38 044 568 50 15 Fax: 38 044 568 50 16

References1. State Statistics Committee ofUkraine (SSC), 20112. SSC, 20113. SSC, 20114. SSC, 20115. Ukrainian Centre for Social Reforms(UCSR), SSC, “Ukrainian ExternalLabour Migration”, 20096. SSC, Express Issue No 77, dd. 31 March20117. World Bank, 20108. SSC, 20119. SSC, 201110. World Bank Factbook (WBF), 2011;O. Malynovska, National Institute ofStrategic Studies, 201111. Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine(MOI), 201012. UNPD, 2009; O. Malynovska, NationalInstitute of Strategic Studies, 201113. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 200914. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 200915. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 2009 (includes regular andirregular migrants)16. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 200917. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 200918. M. Hoffman & D. Reichel, “UkrainianMigration: An analysis of migrationmovements to, through and fromUkraine”, 201119. O. Malynovska, “Internationalmigration in contemporary Ukraine:Trends and policy”, 200420. European Training Centre (ETF), 200921. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 200922. UNDESA, 200923. M. Hoffman & D. Reichel, “UkrainianMigration: An analysis of migrationmovements to, through and fromUkraine”, 201124. World Bank, 200725. UCSR, SSC, “Ukrainian External LabourMigration”, 200926. SSC, 201127. ETF, 200928. A. Manssoor, IBRD/World Bank,“Migration and Remittances: EasternEurope and the Former SovietUnion”, 200729. SSC, 201130. WBF, 201131. Organization for EconomicCo-operation and Development(OECD), 201132. Centre for Social and EconomicResearch (CASE), 200833. World Bank, 201034. ETF, 200935. C. Freund (World Bank), N.Spatafora(IMF), 200836. National Bank of Ukraine, 201037. Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofUkraine, 201038. MOI, 201039. IOM, 201140. IOM, 201141. State Border Guard Service of Ukraine(SBGS), 201142. MOI, 201143. MOI and SBGS , 2009-2011; datacollected from four main migrantholding facilities.We are interested in your opinion — please provide your commentsto this Facts & Figures brochure (iomkiev@iom.int).

Population (as of 1 July 2011): 45.7 million 1 Ukraine is the 29th biggest country in the world. Population growth (average %, 2000-2011): -0.7 annually2 The population of Ukraine is shrinking by 330,000 per year. Ratio of economically a

Related Documents:

The following Fact Fluency Card labels are included in this pack: 1. Plus One Facts 2. Plus Two Facts 3. Plus Three Facts 4. Minus One Facts 5. Minus Two Facts 6. Minus Three Facts 7. Facts of Five 8. Doubles Facts (Addition) 9. Doubles Facts (Subtraction) 10. Near Doubles Facts (e.g. 6 7 6 6 1 12 1 13) 11. Facts of Ten: Addition 12.

Data Migration Planning Analysis, Solution Design and Development Mock Migration Pilot Migration Released Data Migration Active Data and User Migration Inactive Data Migration Post Migration Activities Small Bang The details for each step include: Data Migration Planing - Develop the migration strategy and approach, and define the scope,

doubles-plus-one facts, doubles-plus-two facts, plus-ten facts, plus-nine facts, and then any remaining facts. For multiplication, the suggested sequence is the times-zero principle, times-one principle, times-two and two-times facts, times-five and five-times facts, times-nine and nine-times facts, perfect squares, and then any remaining facts .

Migration overview In the context of Migration Manager, migration is the process of promoting . A migration group can be either internal or user-defined. Internal migration groups are included with the product and are linked to other logically related migration groups called dependencies. You cannot modify internal migration

A New Migration Testing Strategy Pre-Migration Testing The concept of pre-migration testing is not often covered during migration planning. The professionals involved in migration planning are not much aware of comprehensive pre-migration testing and the value it can add to a migration and particularly those migrations that are considered complex.

dAlzheimer’s Association. 2019 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers Dement 2019;15(3):321-87. Alzheimer’s Association. 2019 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimers Dement 2019;15(3):321-87. About this report 2019 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures is a statistical

Math Bee Practice . 1st Round Mixed Multiplication and Division Facts 2 seconds. Multiplication Facts 6 x 6 _ Multiplication Facts 6 x 6 36. Multiplication Facts 32 8 _ Multiplication Facts 32 8 4. Multiplication Facts 7 x 6 _ Multiplication Facts 7 x 6 42. Multiplication Facts 56 7 _

Banking Market Investigation Order 2017 dated 2 February 2017 (the ‘Order’), alongside undertakings entered into by Bacs Payment Schemes Limited, gives effect to that package of remedies. It consists of: (a) three cross-cutting foundation measures that will underpin increased competition in the reference markets which have the object of increasing customer engagement and making it easier .