Lake Lizzie 56-0760-00 OTTER TAIL COUNTY - RMBEL
Lake Lizzie56-0760-00 OTTER TAIL COUNTYLake Water QualitySummaryLake Lizzie is located 6 miles northeast of Pelican Rapids, MN inOtter Tail County. It is a long and narrow lake covering 3,734 acres(Table 1).Lake Lizzie has two inlets and one outlet, which classifies it as adrainage lake. The Pelican River enters Lizzie from Pelican Lake tothe north and exists to the south where it flows through Prairie Lake,and eventually joins the Otter Tail River at Fergus Falls. A culvertunder County Road 4 connects North Lida to South Lizzie.Water quality data have been collected on Lake Lizzie consistentlyfrom 2002-2012 (Tables 2 & 3). These data show that the lake ismesotrophic (TSI 44) with moderately clear water conditions mostof the summer and excellent recreational opportunities.The Lake Lizzie Association is involved in many activities, including water quality monitoring, and isa member of the Otter Tail Coalition of Lake Associations (COLA).Table 1. Lake Lizzie location and key physical characteristics.Location DataPhysical CharacteristicsNorth: 56-0760-01South: 56-0760-02Surface area (acres):North: 1902South: 1831Littoral area (acres):North: 815South: 1831County:Otter Tail% Littoral area:North: 43South: 100Ecoregion:North Central HardwoodForestsMax depth (ft), (m):North: 65South: 9Inlets:North: 1South: 1Outlets:South: 1Public Accesses:North: 1MN Lake ID:Major Drainage Basin:Red RiverLatitude/Longitude:North: 46.6432, -96.0136South: 46.6130, -96.0018Invasive Species:Zebra musselsTable 2. Availability of primary data types for Lake Lizzie.Data AvailabilityTransparency dataExcellent data source from 2002-2012.Chemical dataExcellent data source from 2002-2012.Inlet/Outlet dataNo inlet or outlet data is available.RecommendationsFor recommendations refer to page 20.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.1 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Lake MapFigure 1. Map of Lake Lizzie with 2010 aerial imagery and illustrations of lake depth contour lines, sample sitelocations, inlets and outlets, and public access points. The light green areas in the lake illustrate the littoralzone, where the sunlight can usually reach the lake bottom, allowing aquatic plants to grow.Table 3. Monitoring programs and associated monitoring sites. Monitoring programs include the MinnesotaPollution Control Agency Lake Monitoring Program (MPCA) and RMB Environmental Laboratories LakesProgram (RMBEL).Lake Site100*101201202203Depth (ft)NA535055Monitoring ProgramsMPCA: 1951, 1961, 1979MPCA: 1980RMBEL: 2002-2012MPCA: 2002 (only 1 data point)MPCA: 2008 (only 1 data point)*Lake site 100 is a location in the middle of the lake assigned to data collected at unknown coordinates.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.2 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Average Water Quality StatisticsThe information below describes available chemical data for Lake Lizzie through 2012 (Table 4).Data for total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depth are from the primary site 201. Alladditional chemical data is from site 201 and reflects mean values from 1980.Minnesota is divided into 7 ecoregions based on land use, vegetation, precipitation and geology.The MPCA has developed a way to determine the "average range" of water quality expected forlakes in each ecoregion. For more information on ecoregions and expected water quality ranges,see page 11.Table 4. Water quality means compared to ecoregion ranges and impaired waters standard.ParameterTotal phosphorus (ug/L)3Chlorophyll a (ug/L)Chlorophyll a max (ug/L)Secchi depth (ft)Dissolved oxygenMean16.45.613.012.2EcoregionRange123 – 505 – 227 – 374.9 – 10.5Dimicticsee page 8ImpairedWatersStandard2 40 14InterpretationResults are better than theexpected range for theecoregion. 1.40.76 0.60 – 1.2Alkalinity (mg/L)19375 – 150Color (Pt-Co Units)710 – 20pH8.48.6 – 8.8Chloride (mg/L)6.34 – 10Total SuspendedSolids (mg/L)Specific ConductanceNA2–6Dissolved oxygen depth profilesshow that the deep areas of thelake are anoxic in late summer.Indicates insufficient nitrogen tosupport summer nitrogeninduced algae blooms.Indicates a low sensitivity toacid rain and a good bufferingcapacity.Indicates clear water with littleto no tannins (brown stain).Indicates a hard water lake.Lake water pH less than 6.5can affect fish spawning andthe solubility of metals in thewater.Within the expected range forthe ecoregion.No data available.NA300 – 400No data available.46:125:1 – 35:1Indicates the lake isphosphorus limited, whichmeans that algae growth islimited by the amount ofphosphorus in the lake.Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen(mg/L)(umhos/cm)Total Nitrogen : TotalPhosphorus1ththThe ecoregion range is the 25 -75 percentile of summer means from ecoregion reference lakesFor further information regarding the Impaired Waters Assessment program, refer to hlorophyll a measurements have been corrected for pheophytinUnits: 1 mg/L (ppm) 1,000 ug/L (ppb)2RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.3 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Water Quality Characteristics - Historical Means and RangesTable 5. Water quality means and ranges for primary sites.ParametersTotal Phosphorus Mean (ug/L):Total Phosphorus Min:Total Phosphorus Max:Number of Observations:Chlorophyll a Mean (ug/L):Chlorophyll-a Min:Chlorophyll-a Max:Number of Observations:PrimarySite20116.4938575.6 11357Secchi Depth Mean (ft):12.2Secchi Depth Min:Secchi Depth Max:Number of Observations:7.520.357Figure2. Lake“insert”phosphorus,chlorophylland transparencyhistoricalranges.The arrowFigure2. LakeLizzietotal totalphosphorus,chlorophylla anda transparencyhistoricalranges.The ents the range and the black dot represents the historical mean (Primary Site 201). Figure adaptedafter Moore and Thornton, [Ed.]. 1988. Lake and Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual. (Doc. No. EPA 440/5-88-002)after Moore and Thornton, [Ed.]. 1988. Lake and Reservoir Restoration Guidance Manual. (Doc. No. EPA 440/5-88-002)RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.4 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Transparency (Secchi Depth)Transparency is how easily light can pass through a substance. In lakes it is how deep sunlightpenetrates through the water. Plants and algae need sunlight to grow, so they are only able togrow in areas of lakes where the sun penetrates. Water transparency depends on the amount ofparticles in the water. An increase in particulates results in a decrease in transparency. Thetransparency varies year to year due to changes in weather, precipitation, lake use, flooding,temperature, lake levels, etc.The annual mean transparency in Lake Lizzie ranges from 9.0 to 19.0 feet (Figure 3). Thetransparency hovered fairly close around the long-term mean until 2012, when it was much higher.This could be due to Zebra mussels being established in the lake in 2009. Transparencymonitoring should be continued annually at site 201 in order to track water quality changes.25PrecipitationTransparency and Precipitation10090Primary Site 2012080MeanSecchi Depth (ft)1560501040305Precipitation (in)70201000DateFigure 3. Annual mean transparency compared to long-term mean transparency.Lake Lizzie transparency ranges from 7.5 to 20.3 feet at the primary site (201). Figure 4 shows theseasonal transparency dynamics. The maximum Secchi reading is usually obtained in earlysummer. Lake Lizzie transparency is high in May and June, and then declines through August.The transparency then rebounds in October after fall turnover. This transparency dynamic istypical of a Minnesota lake. The dynamics have to do with algae and zooplankton populationdynamics, and lake turnover.It is important for lake residents to understand the seasonal transparency dynamics in their lake sothat they are not worried about why their transparency is lower in August than it is in June. It istypical for a lake to vary in transparency throughout the summer.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.5 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
25Seasonal Transparency Trends19802002Secchi Depth ly. (Pattern)DateFigure 4. Seasonal transparency dynamics and year to year comparison (Primary Site 201). The black linerepresents the pattern in the data.User PerceptionsWhen volunteers collect Secchi depth readings, they record their perceptions of the water basedon the physical appearance and the recreational suitability. These perceptions can be comparedto water quality parameters to see how the lake "user" would experience the lake at that time.Looking at transparency data, as the Secchi depth decreases the perception of the lake's physicalappearance rating decreases. Lake Lizzie was rated as being "not quite crystal clear" 65% of thetime by samplers at site 201 between 2008 - 2012 (Figure 5).Physical Appearance Rating35%35%Crystal clear water65%Not quite crystal clear – a little algae visible0%Definite algae – green, yellow, or brown colorapparent0%High algae levels with limited clarity and/or mildodor apparent0%Severely high algae levels65%Figure 5. Lake Lizzie physical appearance ratings by samplers.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.6 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
As the Secchi depth decreases, the perception of recreational suitability of the lake decreases.Lake Lizzie was rated as being "beautiful" 100% of the time from 2008-2012 (Figure 6).Recreational Suitability Rating100%Beautiful, could not be better0%Very minor aesthetic problems; excellent forswimming, boating0%Swimming and aesthetic enjoyment of the lakeslightly impaired because of algae levels0%Desire to swim and level of enjoyment of the lakesubstantially reduced because of algae levels0%Swimming and aesthetic enjoyment of the lakenearly impossible because of algae levels100%Figure 6. Recreational suitability rating, as rated by the volunteer monitor.Total PhosphorusLake Lizzie isphosphorus limited,which means thatalgae and aquatic plantgrowth is dependentupon availablephosphorus.3020022003Eutrophic200425Total Phosphorus (ug/L)Total phosphorus wasevaluated in LakeLizzie in 2002-2012.The data do notindicate much seasonalvariability. Themajority of the datapoints fall into themesotrophic range(Figure 7).Total 05Oligotrophic201102012Phosphorus shouldcontinue to bemonitored to track anyDatefuture changes in waterquality.Figure 7. Historical total phosphorus concentrations (ug/L) for Lake Lizzie site 201.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.7 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Chlorophyll aChlorophyll a is thepigment that makesplants and algaegreen. Chlorophyll ais tested in lakes todeter mine the algaeconcentration orhow "green" thewater is. Chlorophylla concentrationsgreater than 10 ug/Lare perceived as amild algae bloom,while concentrationsgreater than 20 ug/Lare perceived as anuisance.14Chlorophyll a20022003122004Chlorophyll a (ug/L)10200520068200720086200942010201122012minor algae0Chlorophyll a wasDateevaluated in LakeLizzie from 2002Figure 8. Chlorophyll a concentrations (ug/L) for Lake Lizzie at site 201.2010 (Figure 8).Chlorophyll a concentrations remained below 10 ug/L on all sample dates except for four,indicating clear water most of the summer. There was not much variation over the years monitoredand chlorophyll a concentrations remained relatively steady over the summer.Dissolved OxygenDissolved Oxygen (mg/L)0246810 12Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)Depth (ft)0369121518212427303336394245Temperature (C)05Dissolved Oxygen (DO) is the amount of oxygen dissolved inlake water. Oxygen is necessary for all living organisms tosurvive except for some bacteria. Living organisms breathe inoxygen that is dissolved in the water. Dissolved oxygen levelsof 5 mg/L are typically avoided by game fisheries.Lake Lizzie is a moderately deep lake, with a maximum depthof 65 feet. Dissolved oxygen and temperature profiles fromdata collected in 2013 by DNR Fisheries show stratificationdeveloping mid-summer. The thermocline occurs atapproximately 33 feet, which means that gamefish will bescarce below this depth.Figure 9. Dissolved oxygen and temperature profile forLake Lizzie, 2013.10 15 20 25 30Temperature (C)RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.8 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Trophic State Index (TSI)TSI is a standard measure or means for calculating thetrophic status or productivity of a lake. More specifically,it is the total weight of living algae (algae biomass) in awaterbody at a specific location and time. Threevariables, chlorophyll a, Secchi depth, and totalphosphorus, independently estimate algal biomass.Table 6. Trophic State Index for site 201.Trophic State Index Site 205TSI Total Phosphorus 44TSI Chlorophyll-a47TSI Secchi41TSI Mean44MesotrophicTrophic State:Numbers represent the mean TSI for eachparameter.Phosphorus (nutrients), chlorophyll a (algaeconcentration) and Secchi depth (transparency) arerelated. As phosphorus increases, there is more foodavailable for algae, resulting in increased algalconcentrations. When algal concentrations increase,the water becomes less transparent and the Secchidepth decreases. If all three TSI numbers are within afew points of each other, they are strongly related. Ifthey are different, there are other dynamics influencingthe lake’s productivity, and TSI mean should not bereported for the lake.100Hypereutrophic70Eutrophic50The mean TSI for Lake Lizzie falls intoLake Lizziethe mesotrophic range (Figure 10).There is good agreement between theTSI for phosphorus, chlorophyll a and transparency,indicating that these variables are strongly related(Table 6).Mesotrophic lakes (TSI 40-50) are characterized bymoderately clear water most of the summer. "Meso"means middle or mid; therefore, mesotrophic means amedium amount of productivity. Mesotrophic lakes arecommonly found in central Minnesota and have clearwater with algal blooms in late summer (Table 7). Theyare also good for walleye fishing.Mesotrophic40Oligotrophic0Figure 10. Trophic state index chartwith corresponding trophic status.Table 7. Trophic state index attributes and their corresponding fisheries and recreation characteristics.TSIAttributesFisheries & Recreation 30Oligotrophy: Clear water, oxygen throughoutTrout fisheries dominatethe year at the bottom of the lake, very deepcold water.30-40Bottom of shallower lakes may become anoxicTrout fisheries in deep lakes only. Walleye,(no oxygen).Cisco present.40-50Mesotrophy: Water moderately clear most ofNo oxygen at the bottom of the lake results inthe summer. May be "greener" in late summer.loss of trout. Walleye may predominate.50-60Eutrophy: Algae and aquatic plant problemsWarm-water fisheries only. Bass maypossible. "Green" water most of the year.dominate.60-70Blue-green algae dominate, algal scums andDense algae and aquatic plants. Low wateraquatic plant problems.clarity may discourage swimming and boating.70-80Hypereutrophy: Dense algae and aquaticWater is not suitable for recreation.plants. 80Algal scums, few aquatic plantsRough fish (carp) dominate; summer fish killspossibleSource: Carlson, R.E. 1997. A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography. 22:361-369.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.9 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Trend AnalysisFor detecting trends, a minimum of 8-10 years of data with 4 or more readings per season arerecommended. Minimum confidence accepted by the MPCA is 90%. This means that there is a90% chance that the data are showing a true trend and a 10% chance that the trend is a randomresult of the data. Only short-term trends can be determined with just a few years of data, becausethere can be different wet years and dry years, water levels, weather, etc, that affect the waterquality naturally.Lake Lizzie had enough data to perform a trend analysis on all three parameters (Table 8). Thedata was analyzed using the Mann Kendall Trend Analysis.Table 8. Trend analysis for Lake Lizzie.Lake SiteParameter201Total Phosphorus201Chlorophyll a201TransparencyDate Range2002-20122002-20122002-2012TrendImprovingNo trendImprovingProbability95%-80%Lake Lizzie Transparency Trend25Secchi Depth (ft)20151050DateFigure 11. Transparency (feet) trend for site 201 from 2002-2006, 2008-2012.Lake Lizzie shows evidence of improving water quality trends (Figure 11). These trends could be aresult of the Zebra mussel infestation in 2009. Monitoring should continue so that this trend can betracked in future years.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.10 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Ecoregion ComparisonsMinnesota is divided into 7 ecoregions based on landuse, vegetation, precipitation and geology (Figure12). The MPCA has developed a way to determinethe "average range" of water quality expected forlakes in each ecoregion. From 1985-1988, the MPCAevaluated the lake water quality for reference lakes.These reference lakes are not considered pristine,but are considered to have little human impact andtherefore are representative of the typical lakes withinthe ecoregion. The "average range" refers to the 25th- 75th percentile range for data within each ecoregion.For the purpose of this graphical representation, themeans of the reference lake data sets were used.Lake Lizzie is in the CentralHardwood Forest Ecoregion.The mean total phosphorus,chlorophyll a andtransparency (Secchi depth)for Lake Lizzie are slightlybetter than the ecoregionranges (Figure 13).Figure 12. Minnesota Ecoregions.70120601005increasedalgae806040Secchi depth (ft)50Chlorophyll-a (ppb)Total Phosphorus zzieCHFEcoregionLizzie25CHFEcoregionLizzieFigure 13. Lake Lizzie ranges compared to Central Hardwood Forest Ecoregion ranges. The Lake Lizzietotal phosphorus and chlorophyll a ranges are from 57 data points collected in May-September of 20022012. The Lake Lizzie Secchi depth range is from 57 data points collected in May-September of 2002-2012.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.11 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
Lakeshed Data and InterpretationsLakeshedUnderstanding a lakeshed requires an understanding of basic hydrology. A watershed is definedas all land and water surface area that contribute excess water to a defined point. The MN DNRhas delineated three basic scales of watersheds (from large to small): 1) basins, 2) majorwatersheds, and 3) minor watersheds.The Otter Tail River Major Watershed is one of the watersheds that make up the Red River Basin,which drains north to Lake Winnipeg (Figure 14). This major watershed is made up of 106 minorwatersheds. Lake Lizzie is located in minor watershed 56026 (Figure 15).Figure 14. Otter Tail River Watershed.Figure 15. Minor Watershed 56026.The MN DNR also has evaluatedcatchments for each individual lake withgreater than 100 acres surface area. Theselakesheds (catchments) are the “buildingblocks” for the larger scale watersheds.Lake Lizzie falls within lakeshed 5602603(Figure 16). Though very useful fordisplaying the land and water that contributedirectly to a lake, lakesheds are not alwaystrue watersheds because they may not showthe water flowing into a lake from upstreamstreams or rivers. While some lakes mayhave only one or two upstream lakeshedsdraining into them, others may be connectedto a large number of lakesheds, reflecting alarger drainage area via stream or rivernetworks. For further discussion of LakeLizzie’s watershed, containing all thelakesheds upstream of the Lake Lizzielakeshed, see page 17. The datainterpretation of the Lake Lizzie lakeshedFigure 16. Lake Lizzie lakeshed (5602603) withland ownership, lakes, wetlands, and riversillustrated.RMB Environmental Laboratories, Inc.12 of 222013 Lake Lizzie
includes only the immediate lakeshed as this area is the land surface that flows directly into LakeLizzie.The lakeshed vitals table identifies where to focus organizational and management efforts for eachlake (Table 9). Criteria were developed using limnological concepts to determine the effect to lakewater quality.KEYPossibly detrimental to the lakeWarrants attentionBeneficial to the lak
Lake Lizzie 56-0760-00 OTTER TAIL COUNTY Lake Water Quality Summary Lake Lizzie is located 6 miles northeast of Pelican Rapids, MN in Otter Tail County. It is a long and narrow lake covering 3,734 acres (Table 1). Lake Lizzie has two inlets and one outlet, which classifies it as a drainage lake. The Pelican
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