Skill Building Exercises - California Courts
Skill Building ExercisesTable of ContentsSuggested Skills-Enhancing Exercises for Interpreters of All Languagesa. Effective Listening11b. Memorization Techniques for Consecutive Interpreting2Exercises to Develop and Improve Simultaneous Interpreting Skillsc. Dual-Tasking Exercises33d. Analysis Exercises4Exercises for Site Translation6e. Exercises in Public Speaking6f. Reading Ahead in Text6g. Analytical Skills7From Fundamentals of Court Interpretation: Theory, Policy and Practice – University of Arizona AgneseHaury Institute - 1991.
SUGGESTED SKILLS-ENHANCING EXERCISES FOR INTERPRETERS OF ALLLANGUAGESWith so few interpreter training classes available it is often difficult to obtain feedback oninterpreting performance. The exercises described below will provide both the novice and theexperienced interpreter with methods to improve skills in consecutive and simultaneousinterpreting and in sight translation.Effective Listening1. Observe conversations conducted outside of earshot (e.g., across a room, with the volumeturned down on the television, or in a crowded area, such as a shopping center or anairport). Note how facial expressions, gestures, body movements, posture, and eyecontact (or lack of it) reveal what the speakers may be saying. What are they talkingabout? Which nonverbal cues suggest the nature of a conversation? What language arethe participants speaking? How do you know? Do this exercise in all your workinglanguages. How do the cues differ in each language?2. Listen closely to someone you cannot see, such as a telephone caller or radio broadcaster,and analyze the person's manner of speaking: voice pitch, tone, and volume as well asother sounds, such as sighs, hesitations, stutters, and tongue clicking. Do this exercise inall your working languages and compare the differences among them.4. Analyze words and their meanings by asking others what they mean when they use aparticular word or phrase. How does their word usage differ from yours?5. Ask someone for directions to a place you know how to get to, and then ask for directionsto an unfamiliar place. What happens in your mind in each situation? Do you lose yourtrain of thought or do you jump ahead?6. The next time you have a conversation with someone and miss part of what was said,analyze what went wrong. How did you lose your concentration? Were youdaydreaming? Were you distracted by an unfamiliar word or a physical interference? Dida previous, unresolved conversation or thought intervene?7. While listening to a speaker, try to determine the speaker's point early in the presentation.At the conclusion of the speech make another evaluation. Were your evaluations thesame? Why or why not?8. How and why are "linkage" words ("however," "but," "unless," "therefore" etc.) used?How do they establish the relationships of ideas? Make a list of these words and analyzetheir usage. Do this in all your working languages.Page 1
Memorization Techniques for Consecutive Interpreting1. How do you remember? Are you a visual or a verbal learner, neither, or both? If youforget something you have heard, try to understand what prevented you from storing orretrieving the information.2. Your short-term memory capacity is normally limited to between five and nine bits ofinformation (units of memory), and your ability to recall depends on how well you canorganize what you have heard by finding patterns. Have someone read a series of sevenunrelated numbers to you. As soon as you are able to repeat the series accurately, try torepeat it backwards. To do this, you must be able to retain the series in your short-termmemory.3. Increase your analytical skills by reading a newspaper or magazine. After finishing eachstory, try to summarize what you read in a single sentence. Do this in all your workinglanguages.4. Try exercise #3 after listening to a news report, radio or television talk show. Summarizethe main idea in a single sentence.5. For the exercises below, have someone read a newspaper or magazine article into arecorder, or record talk or interview programs from the radio or television. Limit yourselfto non-technical material. Do not record the news, because the newscaster reads from aprepared script. Record increasingly longer texts as your skills improve. You will onlyrepeat the information you hear in the same language and will not interpret it.a. Listen to the passage without taking notes and try to repeat as much aspossible.b. Listen to the passage and write down key words to help you remember thecontent. Then repeat as much information as possible. Compare the resultsyou achieved with and without notes. Which worked best for you?c. As you listen to the passage, try to condense it into a few meaningful units.Organize the information into groups. For example, if a person were to list theschools she had attended and the subjects she studied, you could group theschools by location and the subjects studied by topic. Numbers can begrouped the way people recite phone or social security numbers, in groups oftwo, three, or four numbers, rather than as a string of unrelated numbers.Please note that when interpreting testimony you should maintain thespeaker's word sequence as spoken, except to accommodate the syntax of thetarget language.d. Do not allow your opinions to color your rendition of a speaker's words, evenif you have strong opinions about the subject matter. Pay close attention toyour reaction to the text while listening, and maintain the same level oflanguage (register) as the speaker.Note that improving your listening and memory skills is an ongoing and lifelong endeavor. Asyou gain experience and confidence your skills will improve.Page 2
EXERCISES TO DEVELOP AND IMPROVE SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETINGSKILLSThe suggested exercises listed here are based on experiences gained in the training of bothconference and court interpreters. Since the various modes of interpretation involve many of thesame mental tasks, the exercises recommended in the sight translation and consecutiveinterpreting sections will contribute to the development of simultaneous interpreting (SI) skills aswell. The exercises in the sight translation section that are designed to develop analyticaltechniques are particularly applicable to SI, as are the memory-building exercises outlined in theconsecutive interpreting section.The following exercises, designed specifically to build the skills involved in SI, are divided intothose that emphasize dual-tasking and those that emphasize input analysis. These exercisesshould be done in all of the interpreter's working languages, beginning with the native or moredominant language. They should be practiced daily for about a half hour at a time, as SI skillsmust be acquired over time to allow for maximum routinization.Dual-Tasking Exercises1. Have someone record passages from magazines or newspapers on tape, or record radio ortelevision talk shows or interview programs (news broadcasts are not suitable for theseexercises because the pace is too fast and the content is too dense). The subject matter ofthese passages is irrelevant, but it should not be too technical or contain too manystatistics and proper names. Essays and opinion columns are good sources of texts forrecording. As you play back the tape, "shadow" the speaker: repeat everything thespeaker says verbatim. Try to stay further and further behind the speaker, until you arelagging at least one unit of meaning behind.2. Once you feel comfortable talking and listening at the same time and are not leaving outtoo much, begin performing other tasks while shadowing. First, write the numerals 1 to100 on a piece of paper as you repeat what the speaker says (make sure you are writingand speaking at the same time, not just writing during pauses). When you are able to dothat, write the numerals in reverse order, from 100 to 1. Then write them counting by 5s,by 3s, and so on. Note what happens whenever numbers are mentioned in the text you areshadowing.3. When you are able to do exercise #2 with minimal errors, begin writing out words whileshadowing. Begin with your name and address, written repeatedly. Then move on to afavorite poem or a passage such as the preamble to the U.S. Constitution (always choosea passage in the same language as that which you are shadowing). When writing this text,you should copy from a piece of paper placed in front of you. Do not try to write thepassage from memory while shadowing the tape.Page 3
4. While shadowing the tape as in the previous exercises, write down all the numbers andproper names you hear. Then play the tape back and check to see if you wrote themcorrectly. The purpose of the above exercises is to accustom your mind to working ontwo "channels" at once, and to force you to lag behind the speaker. If you find yourselfbreezing through the exercise with no problem, move on to the next one. You should betaxing your mental capacities to the fullest at all times. On the other hand, if you arehaving difficulty keeping up with the speaker and are barely able to mumble a few wordsat a time, move back to the previous exercise until you are comfortable doing it. Theseexercises should be repeated as many times as necessary over a long period of time.Analysis Exercises1. Using the same tapes you prepared for the above exercises (or new ones, if you havegrown tired of those); rephrase what the speaker says rather than simply repeating it (seethe paraphrasing exercise in the sight translation section). Stating a message in differentwords forces you to lag behind the speaker, waiting until he or she has said somethingmeaningful for you to work with. To change the wording of the message without alteringthe meaning, you must thoroughly analyze and understand the original message. Thisexercise also develops your vocabulary because you are constantly searching forsynonyms and alternative phrasing. It is perfectly acceptable, and even advisable, to lookup words and phrases in a dictionary or thesaurus before attempting to rephrase apassage. It does not matter how many times you go over the tape. Even if you havememorized the passages, you are still deriving benefit from the exercise. Rephrasingsimulates mental processes required in SI in that you must abandon the original wordingand put the message into a different external form while retaining all of its meaning.2. To develop your ability to predict the outcome of a message based on your knowledge ofthe source language syntax and style and on your common sense and experience, do thefollowing exercises with written passages from a magazine or newspaper:a. Cover up the latter half of a sentence and try to predict what it says. Do certainkey words in the first half provide important clues?b. Read the title of an entire article or essay and try to predict the content. Confirmor reject your conclusion as you read the article.c. Read the article, paragraph by paragraph, predicting what will come next. Again,pick out key words that contain hints about the direction in which the author isheading.d. Repeat exercises a and b with oral input, having someone read the passages toyou.e. As you increase your awareness of key words, learn to look for pitfalls that canlead you astray, such as embedded clauses and dangling participles. Develop yourability to skip over those distractions and get to the heart of a sentence or passage.Page 4
3. Using all the techniques you have developed in the preceding exercises, begininterpreting from the source language to the target language. At first, use the tapes youhave already recorded and worked on in the other exercises, then make new tapesspecifically for interpreting practice. You may want to choose texts related to law and thecourts for this purpose, but do not make them too technical at first. When you feel youare ready, record some actual court proceedings for practice. Court reporting schools area good source of professionally recorded tapes of law-related texts.Page 5
EXERCISES FOR SITE TRANSLATIONThe exercises outlined below will help you develop skills in sight translation. Practice them in allyour working languages.Exercises in Public Speaking1. Reading Aloud: Stand in front of a mirror and read passages aloud from any book,newspaper, or magazine. A legal textbook, code book, or other legal text is useful forfamiliarizing yourself with legal language. Record or videotape yourself and analyze theoutcome critically. Pay attention to your voice, pitch, tone, hesitations, signs, projection,enunciation, and posture.2. Controlling Emotions: Practice controlling your emotions while reading aloud texts withhigh emotional content, such as fear, anger, humor, etc. Make sure you convey theauthor's intended emotions and not your personal reaction to the subject matter.3. Public Speaking: Practice speaking before a group of people at every opportunity. Peopleyou know will constitute a less threatening audience and will allow you to ease your wayinto public speaking and build your confidence. Court interpreting is an ongoing exercisein public speaking.Reading Ahead in Text1. Extensive Reading: Build up your reading speed and your vocabulary by reading as muchas possible in many different fields.2. Analyzing: Analyze the content of each text and practice picking out the subject and verbto determine the core meaning. Example: Although less influential than in Argentina,migration from Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century’s affected thedevelopment of Chilean political culture. Subject: migration; Verb: affected.3. Identifying Sentences and Embedded Sentences: While reading a text aloud, break uplong sentences into smaller, more manageable units. Example: Juvenile delinquency,which is seen most often among minority youths in urban ghettoes, cannot be attributedto the urban environment alone, as it plagues the suburbs as well. Three separatesentences are embedded in this complex sentencea. Juvenile delinquency is seen most often among minority youths in urban ghettoes.b. It cannot be attributed to the urban environment alone.c. It plagues the suburbs as well.4. Deciphering Handwriting: Obtain texts written by hand (e.g., letters) and practicedeciphering the handwriting on the first oral reading.Page 6
Analytical Skills1. Reading for Content: Read a text aloud to a friend and then have the person ask youquestions about its content.2. Chunking: Choose a text and mark off the units of meaning in it. Example: I was gettingready/ to go out to lunch with/ my mother-in-law/ when/ all of a sudden/ I felt sick to mystomach./ It occurred to me that/ it might be/ something psychosomatic,/ but I later foundout that/ I was simply allergic to/ the perfume she always wore.3.Using Transcripts: Perform chunking with transcripts of court proceedings (or anydocument with a question-and-answer format). Try to establish a hierarchy of importanceof the units of meaning. Example: Now, Mr. Jones, in your earlier testimony youmentioned that you had seen the defendant in that bar prior to the date of the incident.Can you tell us or give us an approximation of how long before the incident it was thatyou first saw the defendant in the El Camino bar?Hierarchy of importance:a. How long before the incidentb. You first saw the defendantc. In the El Camino bard. Tell us, or give approximatione. Had seen defendant prior to date of incidentf. Mentioned in earlier testimonyg. Mr. Jonesh. Now4. Completing Phrases: Have a friend write a series of incomplete phrases. Complete thephrases and determine whether the resulting sentences convey the same idea the friendoriginally had in mind. Examplesa. After being reprimanded unfairly by her boss in front of her coworker, thesecretary tendered.b. The judge determined that the defendant had strong ties to the community andtherefore released him .As you do this exercise, note the errors you make and be aware of how susceptible we are toreaching false conclusions based on partial information.5. Paraphrasing: Read a text aloud and rephrase it as you go along, taking care not tochange the meaning.Example: Since political parties are found almost everywhere in Latin America, theywould seem to be a common denominator in the region's political life. Yet this is not thecase. Cultural, environmental, and historical influences on party development are sovaried, they challenge conventional notions. Most nations hold periodic elections, but,like parties, the implications of elections may differ profoundly from those of our ownculture.Page 7
Rephrased: Because political parties can be found in just about every Latin Americancountry, one might conclude that they are a common thread in the political life of thisregion. This is not so, however. There is such a great variety of cultural, environmental,and historical influences on the development of parties that commonly held ideas arecontradicted. Elections are held periodically in the majority of countries, but theimplications of these proceedings, like those of parties, are very different from theassumptions we can make in our own culture.6. Expanding: Read a text aloud and expand it (i.e., say the same thing in more words) asyou are going along, again taking care not to change the meaning. Example: In spite ofwhat you may have heard, scientists are just like other people. A scientist walking downthe street may look just like an insurance agent or a car salesman: no wild mane of hair,no white lab coat. Expanded: Although you may have heard assertions to the contrary,there are no differences between scientists and people who are not in that profession. As amatter of fact, if you saw a scientist out for a stroll on the sidewalk, you might mistakehim for a person who sells insurance, or an automobile dealer. Scientists don't all havewild manes of hair and they don't always wear white laboratory coats.Condensing: Read a text aloud and condense it (i.e., say the same thing in fewer words)as you go along, retaining the same meaning.Example: The multiplicity of cues which are utilized in the categorizing and sorting ofthe environment into significant classes are reconstructed from the strategies and modesof coping with the problems presented to the subjects. In many situations, no certaintycan be achieved; the varying trustworthiness and merely statistical validity of the cuesfrequently make inferences only probableCondensed: Many cues are used to classify the environment. They are reconstructed fromthe subject's problem-solving strategies. Often, because the cues are not uniformlyreliable and are valid only statistically, the results are not certain.7. Manipulating the Register: Read a text aloud and alter the register or language level asyou go along, being careful not to stray from the original meaningExample: As I was driving to work in the morning, I noticed that the stop sign, which used tobe on the corner of Main and 1st had been removed.Higher level: Upon transporting myself to my place of employment in a motor vehicle atsome point in time prior to noon, I observed that the insignia to cause motorists to bring theirvehicles to a stationary position, which had formerly been stationed at the intersection of thethoroughfares known as Main and 1st, had been displaced.Lower level: On my way to work in the morning, I saw that they took out the stop sign thatused to be at Main and 1st.Note: These are learning exercises designed to build mental agility, linguistic flexibility, andanalytical skills and to heighten awareness of language usage. In actual sight translation, theinterpreter does not paraphrase, summarize, or change the register of the original text.Page 8
Skill Building Exercises Table of Contents Suggested Skills-Enhancing Exercises for Interpreters of All Languages 1 a. Effective Listening 1 b. Memorization Techniques for Consecutive Interpreting 2 Exercises to Develop and Improve Simultane
piano exercises czerny, czerny piano exercises imslp, carl czerny 101 exercises piano pdf, carl czerny 101 exercises piano, czerny hanon piano exercises, czerny piano exercises youtube May 4, 2020 — I always teach Hanon, since it exercises all five fingers equally, and I
Skill: Turn and Reposition a Client in Bed 116 Lesson 2 Personal Hygiene 119 Skill: Mouth Care 119 Skill: Clean and Store Dentures 121 Skill: A Shave with Safety Razor 122 Skill: Fingernail Care 123 Skill: Foot Care 124 Skill: Bed Bath 126 Skill: Assisting a Client to Dress 127
Act CXXX of 2016 on the Code of Civil Procedure (as in force on 1 July 2018) This document has been produced for informational purposes only. 4 COURTS; DISQUALIFICATION 3. Proceeding courts Section 8 [The proceeding court] (1) The following courts shall proceed on first instance: a) the district courts, b) the administrative and labour courts, or c) the regional courts. (2) The following .
book. This software, which simulates the experience of working on actual Cisco routers and switches, contains the following 13 free lab exercises: 1. Configuring IP Addresses I Skill Builder Lab 2. Configuring IP Addresses II Skill Builder Lab 3. Connected Routes Skill Builder Lab 4. Static Routes I Skill Builder Lab 5. Static Routes II Skill .
Skill Drill 8-1: Spiking the Bag Skill Drill 8-2: Obtaining Vascular Access Skill Drill 8-3: Drawing Medication From an Ampule . Skill Drill 35-1: Suctioning and Cleaning a Tracheostomy Tube Skill Drill 36-1: Performing the Power Lift Skill Drill 36-2: Performing the Diamond Carry
36 Linking Verbs 84–86 Practice the Skill 4.3 Review the Skill 4.4 37 Transitive Verbs Intransitive Verbs 86–88 Practice the Skill 4.5 Review the Skill 4.6 38 Principal Parts of Verbs 88–93 Practice the Skill 4.7 Review the Skill 4.8 Use the Skill 4.9 Concept Reinforcement (CD p. 100) Jesus walking on the water 39 Verb Tenses
1. Work on One Skill at a Time 2. Teach the Skill 3. Practice the Skill 4. Give the Student Feedback 1. Work on One Social Skill at a Time: When working with a student on social skills, focus on just one skill at a time. You may want to select one skill to focus on each week. You could create a chart to list the skill for that week. 2. Teach .
The Queen’s Awards for Enterprise are the UK’s most prestigious business awards, given only to companies or individuals who are outstanding in their field. Now in their 50th year, 2016 sees a high water mark of a total of 254 awards being presented: 150 for International Trade, 92 for Innovation, 7 for Sustainable Development and
