VERY COMMON BIRDS SEEN IN PEI - Prince Edward Island
Part 1VERY COMMON BIRDS SEEN IN PEI
The Double – Crested Cormorant Found in rivers, lakes, and oncoastlines. Eats fish, and hunts by swimmingand diving.Great Blue Heron Found near open water, andwetlands. It is most vocal during breedingseason.Black Scoter Their main habitat is tundralakes, on migration rivers, orlakes and coasts. Their diet consists of molluscs,insects and fish eggs.Long Tailed Duck Their main habitat is tundra,and on migration open lakesand coasts Their diet consists of aquaticinvertebrates, esp. mollescsand crustaceansCanada Goose This is a wild goose, withblack head and neck. The Great Lakes maintain avery large population ofgeese.Common Goldeneye Found in lakes, and rivers ofboreal forests. The young are capable of flightat 55-65 days of age.American Black Duck Usually feed on the surface orby tipping. Returns to the same marshesevery fall.Common Merganser Found in rivers and lakes orforest areas. Nesting takes place in cavitiesof trees, where as many as 12eggs are laid.Blue – winged Teal The breeding habitats aremarshes and ponds. They eat plants, but their dietsometimes includes molluscsand aquatic insects.Black – bellied Plover Is commonly called the GreyPlover. Largest plover in NorthAmerica.
Grey – winged Teal Found in marshes, seasonalwetlands, ponds, lakes, pools,and along shallow rivers. It breeds across NorthAmerica, mainly in Prairieregions.Semipalmated Plover Their breeding habitat is openground on beaches, or flatsacross Northern Canada andAlaska. The term “semipalmated”refers to its partially webbedfeet.Ring – necked Duck Their breeding habitat iswooded lakes or ponds. These birds feed mainly bydiving, eating aquatic plants,insects, and small fish.Greater Yellowlegs Their breeding habitat is bogsand marshes in the borealforest region of Canada andAlaska. They mainly eat insects andsmall fish.Short – billed Dowitcher They feed by probing theirlong bills into mud or water. They nest in Northern Canadaand Alaska; their nests arelocated on the ground nearwater.Ring-billed Gull Their breeding habitat is nearlakes, rivers or the coast ofCanada and the US. This is probably the mostcommon gull in NorthAmerica.Herring Gull They may use the samenesting site for up to 20years. Turns its eggs gently with thebill from time to time toensure even development ofthe embryos.Great Black – backed Gull Largest gull in the world. Their habitat consists ofseacoasts and lakesCommon Tern Nests on any flat poorlyvegetated surface close towater. They are very defensive oftheir nests and young, andwill harass humans and dogs.Rock Dove Rock Dove if the fancy namefor the pigeon. These pigeons were used tocarry messages in some wars,and they were so good at it,some pigeons receivedmedals.
Red – eyed Vireo Most common songbird ofthe eastern woodlands. It moves very slow throughthe forest, making it hard todetect.American Crow The American Crow is the“default” crow across most ofNorth America. Largest crow in North AmericaTree Swallow The nest in abandoned treecavities, or nest boxesprovided by admiringhumans. Their diet consists mainly offlying insects.Bank Swallow Many baby and parentswallows learn each other’svoices and stay together overmigration. The Bank Swallow is thesmallest swallow in NorthAmerica.American Robin One of the first birds to singin the morning, and is one ofthe last ones to be heard atnight. Makes an average of 180 tripsa day when preparing a nest.European Starling In the early 1890’s 100 birdswere released in New YorkCity’s central park. The young begin to fly at 1821 days of age.Yellow Warbler Their main habitat is scrub,undergrowth, and near water. Their diet consists of insectsand other arthropods.Yellow – rumped Warbler Their main habitat is forestsand woodlands. Their diet consists of mostlyinsects, also some fruit andnectar in the winter months.American Redstart Their main habitat isdeciduous forests, and openwoodland. Their diet consists of mostlyinsects and some fruit.Common Yellowthroat Their main habitat is marshes,and wet scrub. Their diet consists of mostlyinsects and spiders.
Savannah Sparrow Their main habitat isgrassland, farmland and saltmarshes. In the summer their dietconsists of insects and otherarthropods and in the winterit is mostly seeds that theyfeed on.Song Sparrow Their main habitat is dampscrub and towns. In the summer their dietconsists of insects and otherarthropods and in winterseeds, insects and some fruit.White – throated Sparrow Their main habitat is openwoodlands and bogs. Their diet consists of insects,seeds, and some fruit.Snow Bunting Their main habitat is drytundra and rocky shores. Their diet consists of mostlyseeds and summer insects.Red – winged Blackbird These birds will increase theirfood intake to match otherbirds around them, even ifthey are already well feed. The Red – winged Blackbirdlearns which new foods to eatby watching other blackbirdseat.Common Grackle Very social birds, when in aflock. They eat seeds, fruit, frogs,insects, mice, crabs, garbage,anoles, worms, and small fish.House Sparrow Their main habitat is nearhumans. They eat seeds, berries,scraps, and insects.
Part 2Your Personal Bird ChecklistHere is your personal Prince Edward Island bird checklist, produced atour website at http://www.gov.pe.ca/birds.Legend located on the last page.Courtesy of
Category / SpeciesSpringSummerFallWinterLoons Red-throated Loon Pacific Loon Common Loon*R Great EgretRRA-O Snowy EgretAOA---A- Little Blue HeronOOO-FCUC-VCO Cattle EgretOOOA Green HeronOA---A----A- White IbisAA-- Glossy IbisOOO- Black Vulture-AA-H-RR--A---H--RU- Snow GooseRORA Canada Goose*VCVCVCU-IR BrantCR-FCUO Barnacle GooseA--- Tundra SwanA-A- Wood Duck*FCFC-CFC-CA Gadwall*FCFCFCA Eurasian WigeonOOO-RAC-VCC-VCC-VCOVCVCVCVC Mallard*CFCCFC Blue-winged Teal*VCVCVCAU-FCU-FCUAFCFC- Horned GrebeRARA Red-necked GrebeOAR- Eared Grebe--RHAlbatrosses and Shearwaters GreaterVCC-VCFC Northern FulmarVCO Pied-billed Grebe*AlbatrossVCFCGrebes Black-browed Great Blue Heron*-H---RR- Black-crownedNight-Heron Yellow-crownedNight-HeronIbisesVultures-UU- Turkey Vulture Sooty Shearwater-RR-Swans, Geese and Ducks Manx Shearwater-H-- Fulvous Whistling-Shearwater Audubon'sShearwater Little ShearwaterDuck--H----HPetrel Leach's StormPetrel-UU--UU-Gannets Northern GannetU-FCCC-VCOPelicans and Cormorants American WhitePelican Double-crestedCormorant* Great Cormorant*-AA- American Wigeon*VCVCVCR Least Bittern(t) American BlackDuck*CCC-VCR-UBitterns and Herons American Bittern* Greater Whitefronted GooseStorm-Petrels Wilson's Storm- Pink-footed GooseFCFCFC- Northern-A--Shoveler*
Northern Pintail* Garganey Green-wingedCACAVC-R- NorthernGoshawk* Red-shoulderedHawk(sc)UUUUAAA-OORAVCVCVCR CanvasbackA-AA Redhead*AAR- Swainson's HawkA--- Ring-necked Duck*VCVCVC- Red-tailed Hawk*UUUR Tufted Duck---A Rough-legged Greater ns Common EiderFCFCCU American Kestrel*FCFCFCO Harlequin Duck(sc)RORA Merlin*FCFCFCR Surf ScoterFCUFC-CR GyrfalconO-RRCUCR-FC Peregrine UUUUVCOVCVCFCFCFCFCUUUUTeal* Lesser Scaup King Eider White-wingedScoter Black Scoter Long-tailed Duck Bufflehead CommonGoldeneye Barrow'sGoldeneye(sc) HoodedMerganser* CommonMerganser* Red-breastedMerganser* Ruddy DuckHawk*Hawk Golden EaglePartridge and Pheasants Gray Partridge* Ring-neckedPheasant*Grouse Ruffed Grouse*FC-FCFC-C Sharp-tailedGrouse**ROU-FCOCRVCVCRails, Moorhens and Coots King Rail(e)---A Virginia Rail*UUU-CFCC-VCU Sora*CCU-C-RRRO Common Moorhen-A-- American Coot*RRUA--AA-AAAVCFC-CVC-OR-UU-VC-Osprey Osprey* Broad-wingedFCFCFCOCranes Sandhill CraneEagles, Hawks and Harriers Bald Eagle*FCFCFCFCLapwings and Plovers Northern Harrier*FCFCFCO Northern LapwingFCUFCFCA-AA Sharp-shinnedHawk* Cooper's Hawk Black-belliedPlover American Goldenplover
Wilson's Plover Common RingedPlover Semipalmated-H----A-Sandpiper Baird's Sandpiper Sharp-tailedSandpiper-RR--A--FCVCVC- Pectoral SandpiperOFCC- Piping Plover*(e)FCFCU- Purple SandpiperRORA Killdeer*CCC- DunlinRUC-VC- Curlew Sandpiper-AH- Stilt catchers AmericanOystercatcherA--- Buff-breastedStilts and AvocetsSandpiper Black-necked Stilt-A-- Ruff American Avocet-AH- Short-billedDowitcherSandpipers, Snipe and Woodcock Common Snipe* Greater YellowlegsFCVCVC- Lesser YellowlegsUCC- Solitary Sandpiper-RU- Willet*PhalaropesCCFC- Red PhalaropeOOO-CCC- Wilson's PhalaropeOOR- Upland Sandpiper*RRO-RUFC- Little Curlew--H- Eskimo Curlew(e)--H- WhimbrelOFCC- Great Skuas--H- Pomarine Jaeger--R---A- Parasitic Jaeger-AR---H- Long-tailed Jaeger-H-- Hudsonian GodwitOU-FCC- Laughing GullA-A- Marbled Godwit-AA- Little Gull-OR- Ruddy TurnstoneRFCC- Black-headed GullOORR Red KnotOFC-CFC-VCA Bonaparte's GullCCVCR SanderlingACVC- Mew Gull--A-VCVCVC- Ring-billed Gull*VCVCVCR-U Western Sandpiper-OR- Herring Gull*VCVCVCVC Least SandpiperCC-VCFC-C- Thayer's Gull---A White-rumpedRFCC-VC- Iceland GullCACC SpottedSandpiper* Long-billedDowitcher Long-billedCurlew(sc) SemipalmatedSandpiper AmericanWoodcock* Red-neckedPhalaropeSkuas and JaegersGulls and Terns
Lesser Blackbacked Gull Glaucous Gull Great Black-backedGull* Black-legged---OROR-UR-UVCVCVCVCOwls Barn Owl(e)---AAA--FCFCFCFCIR-RAIR-RIR-RA--OFCFCFCFC Great Gray Owl--A- Long-eared -UA-AAOAAOCCR-CCFCFCCCFCFC-O-O Eastern ScreechOwl Great Horned Owl*AAOA Snowy Owl Sabine's Gull--A- Northern Hawk Ivory Gull(sc)A-AA Caspian TernUFCC- Royal Tern-A-- Roseate Tern(e)-H-- Common Tern*VCVCVC-C- Arctic Tern*UUFC- Boreal Owl Forster's TernH--- Northern Saw- Least Tern--H-whet Owl* Black Tern-AO-GoatsuckersKittiwake Barred Owl* Short-earedOwl*(sc) CommonSkimmers Black SkimmerOwlNighthawk*--A-Auks, Murres and Puffins Whip-poor-willSwifts Dovekie--R-IRO-IR Common Murre--OA Thick-billed MurreAAOO Razorbill--O- Black Guillemot*UFCFCUKingfishers Atlantic Puffin-AAA Belted Kingfisher*DovesVCVCVCVC Ringed Turtle-DoveH---FC-CFC-CFC-CFC-C White wingedDoveCuckoo* Yellow-billedCuckoo Ruby-throatedHummingbird* Red-headedWoodpecker(sc) Red-belliedWoodpecker-AA- Yellow-belliedSapsucker*Cuckoos Black-billedHummingbirdsWoodpeckers Rock Dove* Mourning Dove* Chimney Swift DownyRFC-RR-Woodpecker* Hairy--IR-R-Woodpecker* Three-toed
Woodpecker* Black-backedWoodpecker* Northern Flicker* PileatedWoodpecker*RRRRCC-VCC-VCR-URRRRFlycatchers Olive-sidedFlycatcher* Eastern WoodPeewee* Yellow-belliedUCFCCUU- Pied Crow-AA- Common Raven*CCCCCFCCU-FC Purple MartinOO-- Tree Swallow*VCVCU-VC--H-- Bank Swallow*VCVCU-VC- Barn Swallow*FCFCU-FCA Cliff -CUURRFCFCUU-A--U-FCU-FCRA Sedge Wren--A- Marsh Wren-A--FCFCCFCCCCU-OR-O--Larks Horned Lark*Swallows Northern Roughwinged SwallowUFCU- Alder Flycatcher*CCU- Willow Flycatcher*-O--Chickadees Least Flycatcher*U-CCU- Boreal Chickadee* Eastern Phoebe*UUU- Black-capped-A--Nuthatches Western Kingbird--AA Red-Breasted Eastern Kingbird*FCFCU-Flycatcher* Great CrestedFlycatcher*Shrikes Northern Shrike LoggerheadShrike(e)Vireo* Yellow-throatedVireoNuthatch* White-breastedNuthatch*RARR-UA---Creepers Brown Creeper*WrensVireos Blue-headedChickadee* House WrenCCU-A--- Warbling VireoOOA- Philadelphia Vireo*RRR- Red-eyed Vireo*VCVCU- Winter Wren*Kinglets and Gnatcatchers Golden-crownedKinglet* Ruby-crownedJays and Crows Gray Jay*UUUU Blue Jay*CCVCVC Eurasian Jackdaw-H-- American Crow*VCVCVCVCKinglet* Blue-grayGnatcatcherThrushes and Bluebirds Eastern Bluebird*O
Townsend'sSolitaire Veery* Gray-cheekedThrush Bicknell'sThrush*(sc) Swainson'sThrush* Hermit Thrush*--OOUUR-O-O-RR--FCFCU-FCFCUA Black-throated Wood ThrushOO-- American Robin*VCVCVCR-IRMockingbirds and Thrashers Gray Catbird* NorthernMockingbird* Brown ThrasherFCR-VCVCVCO-R--A-C-VCC-VCU-FCFC-CR---A- Pine -A---CCU-FC-FCFCU-FCFCU-VCVCFC- Wilson's Warbler*RRRU Canada Warbler*UUR---A- Summer TanagerA--- Scarlet TanagerOO-- Yellow-rumpedWarbler* Black-throatedGray Warbler Black-throatedGreen Warbler* BlackburnianWarbler* Yellow-throatedWarblerUR- Prairie Warbler(sc)R-UR-URR Palm Warbler*OOOO Bay-breastedWarbler* Blackpoll WarblerVCVCVCVC Black-and-whiteWarbler*Pipits American PipitFCBlue Warbler*UStarlings European Starling*Warbler*O-U- AmericanRedstart*Waxwings Worm-eating BohemianWarblerWaxwing Cedar Waxwing*OFCAFCOU-FCIR-UIR-RWarbler TennesseeWarbler* Orange-crowned Northern-A--CCU-A- Nashville Warbler*FCFCFC- Northern Parula*VCCU- Yellow Warbler*VCVCFC-FCFCR- Magnolia Warbler*FCCU- Cape MayFCFCU-Warbler*Warbler* CommonA Chestnut-sidedWaterthrush* MourningAWarblerWarbler Ovenbird*Wood Warblers Blue-winged Swainson'sYellowthroat* Yellow-breastedChatTanagers
New World Sparrows Spotted Towhee American TreeSparrow Eastern Towhee Chipping Sparrow* Clay-coloredBlackbirds, Meadowlarks and Orioles--A-U-UU-FCO-OOCCCO--A Field SparrowHA-- Vesper Sparrow*RRR-U- Lark Sparrow--AAVCVCVCA SavannahSparrow* GrasshopperAA-CCC- Fox Sparrow*R-URR-UO Song Sparrow*VCVCCR-U Lincoln's Sparrow*FC-CFC-CFC-C- Swamp Sparrow*C-VCC-VCFCOVCVCVCR-U Nelson's Sharptailed Sparrow* White-throatedSparrow* White-crownedVCU-VCVCVCR-UOOOO-AAO Rusty Blackbird*FCFCFCO Brewer's BlackbirdH-A- Common Grackle*VCVCVCR-UCFCCR-C Orchard Oriole-A-- Baltimore Oriole*RRRO Bullock's OrioleRRR- Pine Grosbeak*RRRU-FC Purple Finch*CCFC-CR-U House Finch*ORRO Red C-VC Red-wingedBlackbird* EasternMeadowlarkBlackbird Brown-headed-SparrowC Yellow-headed-Sparrow Bobolink*Cowbird*Finches White-wingedCrossbill*URUO Dark-eyed Junco*VCVCVCU-C Hoary Redpoll Lapland LongspurU-FC-U-FCU-FC Pine Siskin* Snow BuntingU-VC-U-VCU-VC AmericanSparrowCardinals, Grosbeaks and Buntings Northern Cardinal Rose-breastedGrosbeak* Black-headedGoldfinch* EuropeanRRRR-UFC-CCU-FCAGoldfinch Evening Grosbeak*Old World SparrowsH--- Blue GrosbeakOA-A Indigo BuntingRA-A Dickcissel-OAA Painted BuntingA---Grosbeak Common Redpoll House Sparrow*Explanatory InformationThe season dates determined by migratory habitsof most birds are:Spring - March 16 to May 31 (northerly migration)Summer - June 1 to August 15 (nesting season)
Fall - August 16 to December 14 (southerly migration)Winter - December 15 to March 15The symbols used for seasonal frequency are:VC - Very common, 50 or more birds per dayC - Common, 10-49 birds per dayFC - Fairly common, 1-9 birds per dayU - Uncommon, 1-12 birds per fortnightR - Rare, 1-5 birds per seasonO - Occasional, seen only 1-9 times per decadeA - Accidental, 9 or fewer records per centuryH - Hypothetical, unconfirmed sightingIR - Irregular (unpredictable)* - Species marked thus (*) are known or are believedto nest in the province** - Recently introduced and established innortheastern PEIEndangered Species are indicated in italics and arelisted under the Committee on the Status ofEndangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) 1995 listas endangered (e), threatened (t) or vulnerable (v)
Part 3EXTINCT, ENDANGERED, AND THREATENED BIRDS OF CANADA
Labrador Duck – ExtinctThe Labrador Duck was a striking black and white eider-like sea duck that was never common, and isbelieved to be the first bird to become extinct in North America after 1500. It is thought that theLabrador Duck was always rare, but between 1850 and 1870, populations waned further. Its extinction isstill not fully explained.Passenger Pigeon – ExtinctThe Passenger Pigeon or Wild Pigeon was a bird that existed in North America until the early 20thcentury when it became extinct due to hunting and habitat destruction. The species lived in enormousmigratory flocks. One sighting in 1866 in southern Ontario was described as being 1 mile wide, 300 mileslong, and taking 14 hours to pass a single point with number estimates in excess of 3.5 billion birds inthe flock.Great Auk – ExtinctIn 1844, the last known living pair and one egg were taken, in Iceland. Large breeding colonies of thisflightless, penguin-like sea bird once gathered on rocky offshore islands and coasts of the North Atlanticin Canada, Greenland, Iceland, the British Isles and Scandinavia. Its extermination began with a slaughterfor food and bait by commercial fishers, and continued for the bird's fat and feathers. The Great Auk isnow represented only in natural history collections, by bones, skins and eggs.
Greater Prairie-Chicken – ExtirpatedThe Greater Prairie-Chicken's original habitat was the tall grass prairies of mid western North America.In the 1880s the species spread into the Canadian Prairie Provinces because ideal habitat was producedand existed there for about 50 years. The Greater Prairie-Chicken became abundant there andeventually spread to Ontario. As intensive agricultural practices took over on the prairies, however, thehabitat changed again, and the Greater Prairie-Chicken began to disappear. By the 1930s the specieswas almost gone. It now survives only in scattered areas of the mid western United States.Whooping Crane – EndangeredTowering 1.5 m (5 ft) above the ground, a Whooping Crane is the tallest bird in North America. In themid 1800s, the Whooping Crane population was estimated at approximately 1400, and by 1970, thespecies was one of the rarest in the world. After years of bordering on the fringe of extinction, theWhooping Crane population is growing, largely because of protection, and captive breeding and releaseprograms. In 2008 there were 146 Whooping Cranes in captivity and 377 wild birds in three distinctpopulations.Eskimo Curlew – EndangeredThe Eskimo Curlew is almost certainly extinct. This shorebird once migrated in huge flocks between itsremote breeding grounds on the open taiga of North America to its wintering grounds in Argentina. Onits way there and back, it faced a slaughter by hunters who sometimes killed so many that they filledwagons. Destruction of grassland habitat by human activities also played a significant role in the declineof the species. By the beginning of the 1900s, the Eskimo Curlew was rarely seen. No certain sightings
have been recorded since 1963. The species is feared extinct, but as of 2008, it had not been declaredextinct because unconfirmed reports of sightings had not yet stopped.Northern Bobwhite – EndangeredAt present, there are probably fewer than 1,000 Bobwhite in southwestern Ontario. Severe winter cold,ice storms and heavy snowfall that covered food supplies resulted in the deaths of many Bobwhite insouthwestern Ontario and the northern United States in the late 1970's. The Northern Bobwhitereceives protection under Ontario's Endangered Species Act, 2007, which protects it from being killed,harmed or collected. This species is also protected under the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Act. There isno open season on hunting the Bobwhite in Ontario.Harlequin Duck – EndangeredThe Harlequin Duck is a small relatively uncommon sea duck. On the Atlantic coast, the Harlequin Duckis endangered and occurs only in remote locations. This duck leaves the salt water in spring to breed infast-flowing streams and rivers. It dives to the bottom of streams where it walks along searching forfood.Peregrine Falcon – EndangeredThe Peregrine Falcon is one of nature's swiftest flyers and can attain dive speeds of 380 km/h. ThePeregrine Falcon was once numerous throughout North America. A sharp, serious decline in thePeregrine Falcon population was noted starting in 1947. Long-standing h
American Crow The American Crow is the “default” crow across most of North America. Largest crow in North America Tree Swallow The nest in abandoned tree cavities, or nest boxes provided by admiring hum
2. An aviary is an enclosure for keeping birds. There are 134 birds in the aviary shown in the diagram. What is the number of birds per cubic yard for this aviary? Round your answer to the nearest hundredth. A. 0.19 birds per cubic yard B. 0.25 birds per cubic yard C. 1.24 birds per cubic yard D. 4.03 birds per cubic yard 3.
The term "birds of prey" describes birds that catch their food by using a hooked beak and claws. Hawks, owls, eagles, kites, and falcons are all considered birds of prey. Some birds of prey of the Everglades include the most common hawk - the Red-shouldered Hawk. This very vocal bird swoops down to feed on lizards and snakes. The most common
The term "birds of prey" describes birds that catch their food by using a hooked beak and claws. Hawks, owls, eagles, kites, and falcons are all considered birds of prey. Some birds of prey of South Florida include the most common hawk - the Red-shouldered Hawk. This very vocal bird swoops down to feed on lizards and snakes. The most common
Those that do migrate have adaptations not seen in their non-migratory relatives. Migratory birds can build fat stores as an energy source for long flights. Migratory birds usually have longer, more pointed wings and weigh less than related non-migratory birds. There are a number of explanations for migration: (1) Birds migrate to areas
Scottish Birds, the official journal of the Scottish Ornithologists' Club, publishes original material relating to ornithology in Scotland. Papers and notes should be sent to The Editor, Scottish Birds, 21 Regent Terrace, Edinburgh EH7 5BT. Two issues of Scottish Birds are published each year, in June and in December. Scottish Birds is issued
Praise to the cooks who give us bread. Praise cooks for bread. BIRDS IN THE WILDERNESS Here we sit like birds in the wilderness, birds in the wilderness birds in the wilderness, Here we sit like birds in the wilderness, waiting to be fed. Waiting to be fed - (TWEET TWEET) Waiting to be fed
In rare instances, you may be lucky enough to witness breeding behaviors higher on the list. We do not recommend seeking out these birds or their nests. Please do not use playback to stimulate birds to vocalize. The use of playback can have a disrup-tive effect on nesting birds if used improperly. Playing recorded vocalizations can cause birds to
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