Ssential Practices
“ Nhat Hanh’s meditations illuminate the connectionbetween spirituality and social action and point us to thevalue of mindfulness in everyday life.” —Publishers WeeklyMindfulnessSurvival Kitfive Essential Practicesfive Essential PracticesThe Mindfulness Survival Kit shows how we can use these guidelinesto make our lives more meaningful and satisfying. This secular,contemporary telling of the precepts show us how ancientteachings can be reinterpreted as a practical and relevantroadmap for our times.TheThe Mindfulness Survival KitThe Five Precepts—not to kill, steal, commit sexual misconduct,lie, or take intoxicants—are the Buddha’s guidelines for livinga happy, fulfilled, and ethical life. In this all-new commentaryon the five precepts, Zen Master and peace activist Thich NhatHanh shows us how to apply these practices, which he calls theFive Mindfulness Trainings, in our daily lives.Thich Nhat Hanhbuddhism / spiritualitythich nhat hanh is one of the best-known Buddhistteachers in the world today. His books, includingHappiness and Old Path White Clouds, have sold over twomillion copies in the US alone. He lives in PlumVillage, his monastery in France, where he gardens,writes, and teaches on the art of mindful living.printed on 100% post-consumer waste recycled paperT hich Nhat Hanh
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyTheMindfulnessSurvival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnly
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyTheMindfulnessSurvival KitTHICH NHAT HANH
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyParallax PressP.O. Box 7355Berkeley, California 94707www.parallax.orgParallax Press is the publishing division ofUnified Buddhist Church, Inc. 2014 by Unified Buddhist ChurchAll rights reservedPrinted in the United States of AmericaNo part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by anymeans, electronic or mechanical, without permission in writingfrom the publisher.Edited by Rachel NeumannCover design by Anne NguyenInterior design by Elaine ChowAuthor photo Richard FridayPrinted on 100% post-consumer waste recycled paperNhât Hanh, Thích.The mindfulness survival kit : five essential practices /Thích Nhât Hanh.pages cmISBN 978-1-937006-34-11. Meditation--Buddhism. I. Title.BQ9800.T5392N454613 2013294.3’4435--dc2320130331041 2 3 4 5 / 18 17 16 15 14
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyCONTENTSpart 1: AMINDFULNESS SURVIVAL KIT1.Why We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit92.The Five Mindfulness Trainings273.The First Mindfulness Training:Reverence for Life354.The Second Mindfulness Training:True Happiness515.The Third Mindfulness Training:True Love61The Fourth Mindfulness Training:Deep Listening and Loving Speech797.The Fifth Mindfulness Training:Nourishment and Healing1038.A Global Ethic1216.part 2: ACOMPARISON OFETHICAL TR ADITIONS131The Four Ways of Investigation135Meta-ethics144Eastern Ethical Traditions149Western Ethical Traditions156Applied Ethics186A Summary of Buddhist Ethics194
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnly
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyPart 1A MindfulnessSurvival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyMindfulness can help us survive andthrive, both as individuals and ashuman beings on this Earth together.
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyCHAPTER 1Why We Need a Mindfulness Survival KitMindfulness is the awareness of what is going onin us and around us in the present moment. Itrequires stopping, looking deeply, and recognizing both the uniqueness of the moment and itsconnection to everything that has gone on beforeand will go on in the future. Mindfulness can helpus survive and thrive, both as individuals and ashuman beings on this Earth together. Mindfulness is a continual practice—a path that helps us totransform our suffering and that brings happinessto ourselves and to others.This book contains a modern, updated, andsecular version of the Buddha’s teaching of theFive Precepts, the Buddha’s guidelines for an ethical life. In 1985, we revised the Five MindfulnessWhy We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit9
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyTrainings to reflect the way people were living atthat time. But now, more than twenty-five yearslater, it is time to look at them again. We have torevise them in such a way that whenever we recitethem we can see the practice of concentration andinsight in them. In another twenty or thirty years’time, perhaps we shall need to revise them againas the world continues to change and transform.The essence stays the same, but the form may bedifferent.My hope is that these Mindfulness Trainingscan represent a Buddhist contribution to a globalethic, a way for the human species to sustain itself in these dangerous and difficult times. Afteralmost seventy years of practice, I have found theseMindfulness Trainings can help relieve sufferingand produce happiness by helping us generatethe energies of mindfulness, concentration, andinsight. The practice of these three energies canopen the door to liberate people from the prisonof their suffering.The Chinese and Vietnamese word for religion is jiao, which means a tradition of teachings.In Eastern cultures, religion does not imply a10The Mindfulness Survival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlybelief in God. Tao is the Chinese word for path orWay. The Mindfulness Teachings are a wide pathout of suffering, not necessarily connected witha particular religion. Buddhism was developed asa teaching path, rather than a religion. The firstteaching the Buddha gave was to his five friendswho used to practice self-mortification with him.That teaching, called the Setting in Motion of theDharma Wheel, was to become the foundation ofa new ethics and morality that consists of the FourNoble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. Ethicsare principles of action that will reduce sufferingand nourish happiness.THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHSIn his first teaching, the Buddha spoke of the FourNoble Truths. These are ill-being, the path leading to ill-being, well-being, and the path leadingto well-being. The Fourth Noble Truth, the pathleading to well-being, is called the Noble EightfoldPath. This is the path of the Eight Right Practices:Right View, Right Thinking, Right Speech, RightAction (of the body), Right Livelihood, RightWhy We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit11
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyDiligence, Right Mindfulness, Right Concentration. If we look deeply enough, these four truthscontain everything we need to know about thenature of being human and the nature of the worldaround us. If we see the true nature of the FourNoble Truths, we shall see the true nature of thecosmos.One thing you can always be sure of is thatthere is suffering in us and in the world. The Buddha built his teaching and practice based on thattruth. We know that if suffering is there, somethingelse must also be there and that is happiness. Justunderstanding and accepting this truth can bringus some relief. Our ill-being, our suffering, isnot exactly our fault. It’s the result of many causesand conditions, both collective and individual—such as wrong perceptions, confusion, and strongemotions, which lead to unskillful actions of body,speech, and mind. That doesn’t mean that happiness can’t exist. We don’t have to destroy sufferingin order to have happiness.When we accept the First Noble Truth (there isill-being), we can practice two things. First, we canacknowledge the real suffering in us and around12The Mindfulness Survival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyus. Second, we can learn to handle the sufferingthat we have acknowledged.Acknowledging suffering doesn’t mean that wehave to see everything as suffering or that it’s enoughto intellectually see that there is suffering. Identifying suffering as it is means that we don’t run awayfrom it and we take steps to be able to transform it.In order to transform suffering, we have to lookdeeply into it and find its roots. If there’s tensionin the body, we can identify it and discover itsroots in order to ease it. If we know that the stresscomes from the fact that we work too hard, forexample, and are too distracted to dwell in thepresent moment, we can find a way to bring easeand rest into our day. If instead we ignore ourstress, and just think that if we only work more wecan take care of everything, then every day we addstress to stress and store it up in our body. If wecontinue like this, we make ourselves sick. If westart by being gentle with ourselves, giving ourselves time to return to ourselves in the presentmoment, we can begin to heal.When we look into the First Noble Truth, theSecond Noble Truth appears. The Second NobleWhy We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit13
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyTruth is the causes of our ill-being. When we lookinto ill-being deeply, we can see how it has developed. The Second Noble Truth illuminates thepath that has led us to suffering.One of the deepest causes of our sufferingis our insistence on seeing reality in a dualisticway and our attachment to our beliefs. Ethics is thecapacity to distinguish between right and wrong.Often, we’re caught in our beliefs about what’sright and wrong. We get stuck in wrong views andlose our way. We may think, for example, “Thatperson wants to kill us. If we don’t kill him first,he will certainly kill us. So we have to find a wayto kill him first.” But this kind of thinking maybe based entirely on suspicion, fear, and wrongperceptions.Wrong views lead to wrong thinking, andwrong thinking leads to wrong speech and wrongbodily action, whereby we bring violence to ourselves and to others. With wrong view, we may findourselves living with wrong livelihood, earning ourliving by destroying the natural environment; bydepriving others of the chance to live; or by lyingand persuading others to buy our merchandise14The Mindfulness Survival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyalthough we know that it’s harmful for their health.Wrong view also leads to wrong diligence, wherebywe may work very hard day and night thinking thatwill bring us success and happiness, and we leaveno time for our families and ourselves. In this way,we store up stress in our bodies and anxiety in ourminds. Wrong view leads to wrong mindfulness.For example we may spend our days preoccupiedwith how to make more money or have more powerand fame. We are never present in the here and thenow because we’re always running after the objectof our desire. Wrong view can also lead to wrongconcentration, which means we focus on ideasand notions that cause us ill-being and we thinkof others as being completely unconnected to us.When we think of the Second Noble Truth,the causes of suffering, many of us think of theexternal causes and structures of poverty, disease, unemployment, social injustice, slavery, anddiscrimination. These are real causes that begetenormous suffering. If we look deeply, we shall seethat this kind of suffering is not separate from thepersonal suffering of individuals. Even if therewere no poverty, disease, unemployment, andWhy We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit15
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlysocial injustice, it wouldn’t mean there would beno more stress, worry, fear, and violence. Therewould still be suffering. But if we knew how tohandle our stress, worry, fear, and anger, then violence would diminish. We have to look deeply toknow the real roots of our suffering. Some peoplecome from poverty and violence and find financialsuccess. But if there is still worry, stress, fear, andanger they will continue to suffer even though theyhave been successful in the worldly sense.Our societies are organized in such a way thatevery day the stress becomes greater. The majority of our suffering comes about because of stress.When there is no stress we can resolve things in apeaceful way, without irritation. Stress is an element that can be found wherever there is poverty,fear, anxiety, violence, broken families, divorce,suicide, war, conflict, and environmental pollution. Stress is also linked to the personal sufferingin people’s hearts, including our relationshipswith our ancestors, our descendants, and our lovedones, which is a suffering that is so great that it’snot possible to recount it all. Suffering has manyfaces. If we discover the roots of one suffering, we16The Mindfulness Survival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyare at the same time discovering the roots of othersuffering, and we’ll start to see that each sufferinghas many causes and not just one root. When werecognize the origins of our suffering, we are ableto transform that suffering.The Third Noble Truth is that there is anend of ill-being. This means that suffering canbe transformed into happiness. The Third Truthis the confirmation that well-being is possible,happiness is possible, peace is possible. The ThirdNoble Truth implies that there’s a path that leadsto well-being. This in itself is a very significantstatement. Transformation and happiness are possible. We don’t have to stay stuck.The Fourth Noble Truth is the path leadingto well-being, When we look into the nature ofill-being, we may begin to see not only the paththat led to our suffering, but the path leading awayfrom our suffering, the path that leads to wellbeing. You need only to look into one truth inorder to see all the other three truths. In theBuddhist tradition, the path that leads to wellbeing is called the Noble Eightfold Path. It is noblebecause it leads us to peace, compassion, love, andWhy We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit17
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyhappiness. The practice of the Noble EightfoldPath can transform ill-being into well-being.THE NOBLE EIGHTFOLD PATHThe Noble Eightfold Path is made up of eight practices that lead to the transformation of suffering.The path begins with Right View. In the Buddhisttradition, there is the practice of demolishingattachment to views. So “Right View” means wedon’t allow ourselves to be caught in any kind ofidealism, theories, or systems of thought, evenBuddhist ones. The Buddha describes each of theeight practices of the Noble Path as “Right” toindicate that they are practices that go in the direction of well-being and happiness.Sometimes Right View is also referred to asinsight or wisdom (prajña in Sanskrit). Right Viewisn’t bestowed on us from some deity or absolutepower; it comes from the practice of lookingdeeply inside ourselves. We use mindfulness andconcentration to examine the Four Noble Truthsand arrive at Right View. As long as we think andbelieve that our actions are right according to God,18The Mindfulness Survival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyor right according to even the best of ideologies,we will remain caught in the wheel of suffering.Right View is the absence of all attachmentto views. Right View is the insight of interbeing.Interbeing describes the awareness that all humanbeings and all phenomena are intricately connected to each other and interdependent. Noneof us can be by ourselves alone; we have tointer-be with all living beings. We inter-are withall animals, plants, and minerals. If you do harmto animals, plants, and minerals, you do harm toyourself. With this insight, when you look deeplyinto another human being, you see the animals,plants, and minerals that contribute to making uphis or her being, and therefore you think and actdifferently than you would otherwise.When there is Right View, Right Thinking follows. Right Speech and Right Bodily Action alsodepend on Right View. Body, speech, and mindare all sources of action. Every day our bodies,our speech, and our minds produce a tremendousnumber of actions. These actions can contributeto healing or to suffering. When we give rise to athought of forgiveness or compassion, it’s RightWhy We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit19
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyThinking. If we give rise to a thought of anger,hatred, or despondency, it’s wrong thinking. Every day we talk, we write, and we send emails ortexts. What we write and say can be Right Speech,bringing ourselves and the other person happinessor it can be wrong speech and bring suffering andmisunderstanding.We use our bodies to act. When our bodilyaction protects and supports life, it is Right Action. With Right View, we can choose a vocationthat nourishes ourselves, our loved ones, and theplanet, rather than one that brings about the destruction of the environment and harm to otherspecies. That is Right Livelihood. When we’rediligent in serving our own and others’ happiness,it’s Right Diligence. These eight right practicescan be seen as the basis of Buddhist ethics that canbe applied in society. We cannot live in isolation.We always need to be in contact with other peopleand other species. With the practice of the Noble Eightfold Path we avoid the actions of body,speech, and mind that will harm others.When we practice Right Mindfulness, we useour breathing to return to ourselves and unite20The Mindfulness Survival Kit
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlybody and mind. When we walk, we walk withawareness and not because something is pullingus along. When we say something, it’s because it’swhat we truly want to say and not because our oldhabit energies are urging us to say it. Mindfulnessstrengthens our sovereignty over ourselves. Asmindfulness and concentration grow, our freedom also grows. The more we practice, the less ourfreedom is limited. We become free of driftingand sinking with the currents of our mind.The Third Noble Truth, the cessation ofsuffering, reminds us that we have the ability tochange the direction of our lives. This means thatwe have free will. Right Mindfulness leads to RightConcentration, which supports and strengthensinsight and Right View. So the path is a circularpath, with each limb of the path leading to andsupporting the other limbs. There is suffering, butthere is also happiness. We can practice to reducesuffering and to increase happiness.Why We Need a Mindfulness Survival Kit21
PLUM VILLAGECOMMUNITYOFENGAGED rticipantsOnlyUSING THE FIVE MINDFULNESS TRAININGS IN DAILY LIFEThe Five Mindfulness Trainings are a way to practice the Four Noble Truths and the Noble EightfoldPath in daily life. The trainings aren’t commandments given by a god or authority figure; they’reethical guidelines that reflect our own experienceand insight. The trainings offer concrete ways ofpractice that deepen our understanding and helpus see people, situations, and our environmentmore clearly. You don’t need to be a Buddhist orcall yourself a Buddhist to live according to the FiveMindfulness Trainings. I know many people fromvarious religious traditions who have included theFive M
on the five precepts Zen Master and peace activist Thich Nhat, Hanh shows us how to apply these practices, which he calls the Five Mindfulness Trainings, in our daily lives. The Mindfulness Survival Kit shows how we can use these guidelines to make our lives more meaningful and satisfying. This secular, contemporary telling of the precepts show .
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Essential for Living: An Introduction and User Guide !3 The Structure and Content of Essential for Living As shown below, and in chapter 1 of the practitioner's handbook, Essential for Living (EFL) includes seven skill domains and one domain on problem behavior. Skills are sequenced within domains from less to more difficult
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Our survey tool queried on 18 management practices grouped into 4 primary dimensions: standardizing care (“Lean”, 6 practices), performance monitoring (5 practices), targets (3 practices), and employee incentives (4 practices). Table 1 provides a brief description of these 4 groupings and 18 practices.
2018 Accounting Higher Finalised Marking Instructions Scottish Qualifications Authority 2018 The information in this publication may be reproduced to support SQA qualifications only on a non-commercial basis. If it is reproduced, SQA should be clearly acknowledged as the source. If it is to be used for any other purpose, written permission must be obtained from permissions@sqa.org.uk. Where .
