MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE
MANAGING ELECTRICALRISKS IN THE WORKPLACECode of PracticeJULY 2012
Safe Work Australia is an Australian Government statutory agency established in 2009.Safe Work Australia consists of representatives of the Commonwealth, state and territorygovernments, the Australian Council of Trade Unions, the Australian Chamber of Commerceand Industry and the Australian Industry Group.Safe Work Australia works with the Commonwealth, state and territory governments toimprove work health and safety and workers’ compensation arrangements. Safe Work Australiais a national policy body, not a regulator of work health and safety. The Commonwealth, statesand territories have responsibility for regulating and enforcing work health and safety laws intheir jurisdiction.ISBN 978-0-642-78329-5 [PDF]ISBN 978-0-642-78330-1 [RTF]Creative CommonsExcept for the logos of Safe Work Australia, SafeWork SA, Workplace Standards Tasmania,WorkSafe WA, Workplace Health and Safety QLD, NT WorkSafe, WorkCover NSW, Comcareand WorkSafe ACT, this copyright work is licensed under a Creative CommonsAttribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Australia licence. To view a copy of this licence, /au/In essence, you are free to copy, communicate and adapt the work for non commercialpurposes, as long as you attribute the work to Safe Work Australia and abide by the otherlicence terms.Contact informationSafe Work AustraliaPhone: 61 2 6121 5317Email: info@safeworkaustralia.gov.auWebsite: www.safeworkaustralia.gov.auWORKSAFEWestern Australia
TABLE OF CONTENTSFOREWORD21.INTRODUCTION41.1What are electrical risks?41.2Who must manage electrical risks?41.3What is required to manage electrical risks?5PART A: GENERAL ELECTRICAL SAFETYAT THE WORKPLACE82.The Risk Management Process92.1Identify the hazards92.2 Assess the risks92.3 Control the risks102.4 Review the control measures3.SPECIFIC HAZARDS AND RISK CONTROL3.1Unsafe electrical equipment and electricalinstallations at the workplace116.2 Altering isolation for testing,fault finding and re-energising326.3 Restoring power336.4 Leaving unfinished work337.RISK CONTROLS – ENERGISEDELECTRICAL WORK347.1Prohibition on energised electrical work347.2Planning and preparation357.3Carrying out energised electrical work367.4Leaving unfinished work407.5Particular energised electrical work—testing and fault finding41RISK CONTROLS – WORKING NEARENERGISED ELECTRICAL PARTS42Planning and preparation428.128.1128.2 Working near energised electrical parts423.2 Inspecting and testing electrical equipment138.3 Implementing risk control measures443.3 Inspecting and testing equipment –construction and demolition sites178.4 Reviewing risk control measures443.4 Residual current devices (RCDs)179.TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT459.1Inspection and testing45PART B: ELECTRICAL WORK224.Managing the risks of electrical work234.1What is electrical work?234.2 Identify the hazards244.3 Assess the risks244.4 Control the risks254.5 Review the control measures265.5.1RISK CONTROLS – WORKINGDE-ENERGISED27General principles – verificationof de-energised electrical equipment275.2 Safe work method statements285.3 Work on cables (including cutting cables)286.LOW VOLTAGE ISOLATION AND ACCESS296.1Securing the isolation309.2 Ladders, scaffolds and similar equipment459.3 Insulating barriers and insulating mats469.4 Test instruments469.5 Personal protective equipment (PPE)489.6 First Aid4810. HIGH VOLTAGE ELECTRICAL WORK49APPENDIX A – MEANING OF KEY TERMS50APPENDIX B – ADVANTAGESAND DISADVANTAGES OFNON-PORTABLE AND PORTABLE RCDS51APPENDIX C – RISKS ASSOCIATED WITHELECTRICAL WORK53APPENDIX D – PREVENTATIVEACTIONS CHECKLIST59CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE1
FOREWORDThis Code of Practice on how to manage electrical risks in workplaces is an approved code ofpractice under section 274 of the Work Health and Safety Act (the WHS Act).An approved code of practice is a practical guide to achieving the standards of health, safetyand welfare required under the WHS Act and the Work Health and Safety Regulations (theWHS Regulations).A code of practice applies to anyone who has a duty of care in the circumstancesdescribed in the code. In most cases, following an approved code of practice would achievecompliance with the health and safety duties in the WHS Act, in relation to the subjectmatter of the code. Like regulations, codes of practice deal with particular issues and do notcover all hazards or risks that may arise. The health and safety duties require duty holdersto consider all risks associated with work, not only those for which regulations and codes ofpractice exist.Codes of practice are admissible in court proceedings under the WHS Act and Regulations.Courts may regard a code of practice as evidence of what is known about a hazard, riskor control and may rely on the code in determining what is reasonably practicable in thecircumstances to which the code relates.Compliance with the WHS Act and Regulations may be achieved by following anothermethod, such as a technical or an industry standard, if it provides an equivalent or higherstandard of work health and safety than the code.An inspector may refer to an approved code of practice when issuing an improvement orprohibition notice.This Code of Practice has been developed by Safe Work Australia as a model code ofpractice under the Council of Australian Governments’ Inter-Governmental Agreement forRegulatory and Operational Reform in Occupational Health and Safety for adoption by theCommonwealth, state and territory governments.SCOPE AND APPLICATIONThis Code provides practical guidance for persons conducting a business or undertakingon managing electrical risks in the workplace. It applies to all workplaces where a personconducting a business or undertaking: has management or control of electrical equipment, including electrical installations, or carries out electrical work on or near energised electrical equipment, including electricalinstallations.This Code also applies to construction and demolition sites, except if a requirement of theCode is dealt with in AS/NZS 3012:2010 Electrical installations—Construction and demolitionsites. In that case you must comply with AS/NZS 3012:2010. Further information aboutconstruction work can be found in the Code of Practice: Construction Work.2CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE
FOREWORDThis Code does not apply to: electrical work on extra-low voltage electrical equipment, including extra-low voltageelectrical installations electrical work on high voltage equipment after switching, isolation, short circuiting andearthing, subject to summary guidance in Chapter 10 of this Code the manufacture of electrical equipment automotive electrical work work that is not electrical work carried out on telephone, communication and datasystems work carried out by or on behalf of an electricity supply authority on the electricalequipment controlled or operated by the authority to generate, transform, transmit orsupply electricity repair of consumer electrical equipment when unplugged from any electrical socketoutlet.‘Extra-low voltage’ means voltage that does not exceed 50 volts alternating current (50 Va.c.) or 120 volts ripple-free direct current (120 V ripple-free d.c.).This Code is divided into two parts dealing with: Part A (Chapters 2-3): general electrical safety at the workplace, including electricalinstallations, requirements for inspecting and testing electrical equipment, andrequirements for residual current devices in certain high-risk environments Part B (Chapters 4-9): health and safety risks associated with electrical work.HOW TO USE THIS CODE OF PRACTICEIn providing guidance, the word ‘should’ is used in this Code to indicate a recommendedcourse of action, while ‘may’ is used to indicate an optional course of action.This Code also includes various references to provisions of the WHS Act and Regulationswhich set out the legal requirements. These references are not exhaustive. The words ‘must’,‘requires’ or ‘mandatory’ indicate that a legal requirement exists and must be complied with.CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE3
1. INTRODUCTION1.1What are electrical risks?Electrical risks are risks of death, electric shock or other injury caused directly or indirectlyby electricity. The most common electrical risks and causes of injury are: electric shock causing injury or death. The electric shock may be received by direct orindirect contact, tracking through or across a medium, or by arcing. For example, electricshock may result from indirect contact where a conductive part that is not normallyenergised becomes energised due to a fault (e.g. metal toaster body, fence) arcing, explosion or fire causing burns. The injuries are often suffered because arcingor explosion or both occur when high fault currents are present electric shock from ‘step-and-touch’ potentials toxic gases causing illness or death. Burning and arcing associated with electricalequipment may release various gases and contaminants fire resulting from an electrical fault.Even the briefest contact with electricity at 50 volts for alternating current (V a.c.) or120 volts for direct current (V d.c.) can have serious consequences to a person’s healthand safety. High voltage shocks involving more than 1000 V a.c. or 1500 V d.c. can causecontact burns and damage to internal organs.Electric shocks from faulty electrical equipment may also lead to related injuries, includingfalls from ladders, scaffolds or other elevated work platforms. Other injuries or illnesses mayinclude muscle spasms, palpitations, nausea, vomiting, collapse and unconsciousness.Workers using electricity may not be the only ones at risk—faulty electrical equipment andpoor electrical installations can lead to fires that may also cause death or injury to others.Key terms used in this Code are defined at Appendix A.1.2Who must manage electrical risks?A person conducting a business or undertaking has the primary duty under the WHS Act toensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that workers and other persons at the workplaceare not exposed to electrical risks arising from the business or undertaking. This dutyrequires eliminating electrical risks or, if that is not reasonably practicable, minimising therisks so far as is reasonably practicable.The WHS Regulations include more specific requirements for managing electrical risks at theworkplace. For example, all persons conducting a business or undertaking have duties toensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that electrical equipment and installations at theworkplace are without risks to health and safety of persons.Persons conducting a business or undertaking with management or control of a workplacehave a duty to ensure effective Residual Current Devices (RCDs) are used in certain high-riskenvironments as defined in the regulations and explained in more detail below.Persons conducting a business or undertaking carrying out electrical work must complywith the prohibition on electrical work on energised electrical equipment subject to certainexceptions. These persons may also have duties under local electrical safety laws.Persons conducting a business or undertaking should ensure electrical installation work iscarried out by qualified persons and testing and compliance requirements are met.4CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. INTRODUCTIONDesigners, manufacturers, importers, suppliers and installers of electrical equipment andinstallations that could be used for work must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable,that they are without risks to health and safety. Designers and manufacturers of electricalequipment or installations must ensure they are designed and manufactured so thatelectrical risks are eliminated or, if this not reasonably practicable, minimised so far as isreasonably practicable.Officers, such as company directors, have a duty to exercise due diligence to ensure thatthe business or undertaking complies with the WHS Act and Regulations. This includestaking reasonable steps to ensure that the business or undertaking has and uses appropriateresources and processes to eliminate or minimise electrical risks at the workplace.Workers must take reasonable care for their own health and safety and not adverselyaffect the health and safety of other persons. Workers must comply with any reasonableinstruction and cooperate with any reasonable policy or procedure relating to health andsafety at the workplace. This means that if electrical equipment is provided by the personconducting the business or undertaking, the worker must use it in accordance with theinformation, instruction and training provided on its use.Duty holders may have additional legal obligations under state or territory electrical safetylegislation.What is required to manage electrical risks?1.3Regulation 147A person conducting a business or undertaking must manage risks to health and safetyassociated with electrical risks at the workplace.Regulation 34 - 38In order to manage risk under the WHS Regulations, a duty holder must: identify reasonably foreseeable hazards that could give rise to the risk eliminate the risk, so far as is reasonably practicable if it is not reasonably practicable to eliminate the risk, minimise the risk so far as isreasonably practicable by implementing control measures maintain the implemented control measure so that it remains effective review, and if necessary revise, all risk control measures so as to maintain, so far as isreasonably practicable, a work environment that is without risks to health and safety.The hierarchy of risk control is described at Section 2.3 of this Code.This Code includes guidance on how to manage electrical risks in the workplace by followinga systematic process that involves: identifying hazards if necessary, assessing the risks associated with these hazards implementing and maintaining risk control measures (e.g. inspecting and testingelectrical equipment, using RCDs), and reviewing risk control measures.Guidance on the general risk management process is available in the Code of Practice: Howto Manage Work Health and Safety Risks.CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE5
1. INTRODUCTIONCONSULTING YOUR WORKERSConsultation involves sharing of information, giving workers a reasonable opportunity toexpress views and taking those views into account before making decisions on health andsafety matters.Section 47Section 48A person conducting a business or undertaking must consult, so far as is reasonablypracticable, with workers who carry out work for the business or undertaking andwho are (or are likely to be) directly affected by a work health and safety matter.If the workers are represented by a health and safety representative, the consultationmust involve that representative.Consultation with workers and their health and safety representatives is required at everystep of the risk management process. By drawing on the experience, knowledge and ideasof your workers you are more likely to identify all hazards and choose effective risk controls.CONSULTING, COOPERATING AND COORDINATING ACTIVITIES WITH OTHER DUTYHOLDERSSection 46A person conducting a business or undertaking must, so far as is reasonably practicable,consult, cooperate and coordinate activities with all other persons who have a workhealth or safety duty in relation to the same matter.Sometimes you may have responsibility for a health and safety matter along with otherbusiness operators who are involved in the same activities or who share the same workplace.In these situations, you should exchange information to find out who is doing what and worktogether in a cooperative and coordinated way so that all risks are eliminated or minimisedso far as is reasonably practicable.For example, if you engage an electrical contractor to carry out electrical work at yourworkplace you should consult with the contractor on how (in general) the work is to becarried out and in particular how risks to their health and safety and that of others at theworkplace are to be managed while the work is carried out. You should also cooperate withthe electrical contractor (e.g. instructing on and ensuring compliance with ‘no go’ zones’) toensure electrical safety of everyone at the workplace.Further guidance on consultation is available in the Code of Practice: Work Health and SafetyConsultation, Cooperation and Coordination.6CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE
1. INTRODUCTIONINFORMATION, TRAINING, INSTRUCTION AND SUPERVISIONA person conducting a business or undertaking must ensure, so far as is reasonablypractiable, the provision of any information, instruction, training or supervision that isnecessary to protect all persons from risks to their health and safety arising from workcarried out.Section 19You must ensure that information, training and instruction provided to a worker issuitable and adequate having regard to:Regulation 39 the nature of the work carried out by the worker; and the nature of the risks associated with the work at the time the information, trainingor instruction is provided; and the control measures implemented.You must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, that the information, training andinstruction is provided in a way that is readily understandable by any person to whomit is provided.Formal or on-the-job training may be appropriate depending on the circumstances.Examples of training are: induction training—to ensure new starters or workers new to a job are trained on safesystems of work and other relevant health and safety matters supervisor and management training—to ensure that safety issues are appropriatelymanaged at the workplace work-specific training—to ensure that workers carrying out particular work are trainedon any electrical and other risks specific to the work, as appropriate ongoing or refresher training—to ensure that any training on work health and safetymatters is repeated as appropriate on a periodic basis emergency procedure training—to ensure workers know what to do in the event of anemergency, for example procedures to follow if a person receives an electric shock first aid training—to ensure appropriate procedures are followed for administering firstaid, for example proper treatment for electric shock electrical rescue and resuscitation training for safety observers.Special needs of workers should be taken into account in deciding the structure, content anddelivery of training, including literacy levels, work experience and specific skills required tocarry out the work.CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE7
PART A:GENERALELECTRICALSAFETY AT THEWORKPLACE8CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE
2. THE RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS2.1Identify the hazardsIdentifying hazards involves finding all of the tasks, situations and sequences of events thatcould potentially cause harm.Hazards arising from electrical equipment or installations may arise from: the design, construction, installation, maintenance and testing of electrical equipmentor electrical installations design change or modification inadequate or inactive electrical protection where and how electrical equipment is used. Electrical equipment may be subject tooperating conditions that are likely to result in damage to the equipment or a reductionin its expected life span. For example, equipment may be at greater risk of damage ifused outdoors or in a factory or workshop environment electrical equipment being used in an area in which the atmosphere presents a riskto health and safety from fire or explosion, for example confined spaces type of electrical equipment. For example, ‘plug in’ electrical equipment that may bemoved around from site to
CODE OF PRACTICE MANAGING ELECTRICAL RISKS IN THE WORKPLACE 3 This Code does not apply to: electrical work on extra-low voltage electrical equipment, including extra-low voltage electrical installations electrical work on high voltage equipment after switching, isolation, short circuiting and earthin
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Managing electrical risks in the workplace Code of practice 2021 Page 7 of 60 1. Introduction 1.1 What are electrical risks? Electrical risks are risks of death, shock or other injury caused directly or indirectly by electricity. The most common electrical risks and causes of injury are: electric shock causing injury or death.
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