Exams Key Terms Glossary
Examskeytermsglossary2018/19This regularly updated glossary is provided to support exams officers by explaining ordefining common exams-related terms and acronymsSome data terminology (where there may be some crossover with the exams process) isalso includedExams key terms glossary (2018/19) Published in August 2018 (Reviewed and updated in December 2018; March 2019)Hyperlinks provided in this document were correct as March 2019
Key term/acronymDescription/DefinitionDescribes the grading system for the new reformed GCSEs.9-1Key term/acronymDescription/DefinitionA2C (Attendance)Absences from exams reported to the awardingorganisation.A2C (Awards)Awards for qualifications for learners to be claimed fromthe awarding organisation.Any remaining legacy AS and A Levels are unitisedqualifications and are assessed by AS and A2 units.A2C (CentreAssessed Outcome)Internal assessment marks (and estimated grades whererequired) to be submitted to the awarding organisation.Reformed AS and A Levels are linear qualifications. Thereformed AS qualifications are stand-alone qualifications.The AS does not count towards the final grade of the ALevel.A2C (Instanceproduct catalogue)One of the two sections that make up the product catalogueproviding exam/assessment dates, key dates, feeinformation and identifies learner information to beprovided to make an order.A2C (Order)Entries; registrations; enrolments to be submitted to theawarding organisation.A2C (Outcome)Results issued by the awarding organisation to the centre.A2C (Party ID)Identifiers for all parties involved in the exam process, forexample centre number, awarding organisation identifier;candidate identifiers (candidate number; UCI; ULN etc.).A2C (Polling)An automated process that will send/receive informationbetween centres and awarding organisations.A2C (Productcatalogue)Data on qualifications offered across all A2C compliantawarding organisations (previously known as basedata).A2C (QE)Qualification elements. The component parts of aqualification.A2C (Static productcatalogue)One of the two sections that make up the product catalogueproviding details of the assessment model for eachqualification.AAOAccess Arrangements Online. A tool used to submitaccess arrangement applications for approval and to ordermodified papers for the qualifications listed, accessedthrough the Centre Admin Portal(See Grading new GCSEs)See GCSEA GCE qualification. The main general qualification for keystage 5 (Years 12 & 13); recently subject to reform.A LevelSee GCE; GQs; Key stage 5; A2; AS Level; Legacyqualification; Unitised assessment; Linear assessmentA2Units of any remaining legacy A Level qualifications –normally taken at the end of Year 13.See A Level; Legacy qualificationFrom September 2012 in phase 1 of the JCQ A2Cprogramme, the A2C Migration application replaced theold EDI VAN carrier system, allowing centres to send andreceive data to and from awarding bodies by a free EDIprocess. www.jcq.org.uk/about-a2c/how-and-whenA2CPhase 2 of the programme piloted from September 2015saw MIS Integrated transport made available to replace theA2C Migration system for vocational qualifications. SomeJCQ awarding organisations will continue to use EDI(through the A2C migration system) for generalqualifications.See EDINew terminology is being used in relation to MISIntegrated transport; guidance and definitions will beprovided by A2C compliant MIS providers and awardingorganisations using this system. Examples and a generaloutline are given below.A2C (Assessable)Any component of a qualification that contributes to thefinal overall grade.
Key term/acronymDescription/DefinitionKey term/acronymSee Access arrangements; Modified paper; CAPAccess Arrangements are pre-examination adjustments forcandidates based on evidence of need and normal way of working.Access Arrangements fall into two distinct categories: somearrangements are delegated to centres, others require prior JCQCICawarding body approval.AccessarrangementsAccess Arrangements allow candidates/learners with specialeducational needs, disabilities or temporary injuries to access theassessment without changing the demands of the assessment. Forexample, readers, scribes and Braille question papers. In this wayAwarding Bodies will comply with the duty of the Equality Act 2010 tomake 'reasonable adjustments'.(Taken directly from JCQ website -special-consideration AnOverview)AQAAn awarding body/organisation. A JCQCIC member.www.aqa.org.uk(Assessment and Qualifications Alliance simply known asAQA)A GCE qualification (which if studied) would normally beduring Year 12; recently subject to reformAny remaining legacy AS levels are assessed by AS units.AS units also contribute to the achievement of legacy ALevel qualifications.AS LevelSee Reasonable adjustments‘Adjustments for candidates with disabilities and learning difficultiesAccess Arrangements and Reasonable AdjustmentsGeneral and Vocational Qualifications’ - a JCQ publication (theorange book) updated each academic eDescription/DefinitionReformed AS and A Levels are linear qualifications. Thereformed AS qualifications are stand-alone qualifications.The AS does not count towards the final grade of the ALevel.See GCE; Year 12; Legacy qualification; Unitisedassessment; A Level; Linear assessmentASPAnalyse School Performance. This service is availablethrough DfE’s ‘Secure Access’.See Secure AccessAggregationAlisAmendmentAmendment fileSee Cash-in codeAdvanced Level Information System. www.cem.org/alisSee CEMSee PRSA term used in relation to candidate entries – making achange to an existing entry for a candidate in an awardingbody’s entry system.An electronic file of amendments (changes) to an originalentry file sent to an awarding body via the A2C migrationapplication.See Amendment; Entry file; A2CAppealsATSA post-results service made available where dissatisfiedwith the outcome of a review of resultsSee PRS; RoRsAccess to Scripts. A post-results service provided byawarding bodies, where marked scripts can be requestedby candidates/centres.A headline measure of the secondary school accountabilitysystem.Attainment 8Attainment 8 measures the achievement of a pupil across 8qualifications including maths (double weighted) and English(double weighted, if both English language and English literature areentered) 3 qualifications that count in the English Baccalaureate(EBacc) measure 3 further qualifications that can be GCSEqualifications (including EBacc subjects) or technical awards fromthe DfE approved list (Taken directly from the DfE publication Secondary accountabilitymeasures: guide l-performance-measure)See Progress 8; EBacc
Key term/acronymAural (test/exam)Description/DefinitionKey term/acronymJCQ’s online tool for submitting and accessing:- Alternative Site form- Centre Consortium Arrangements form- Very Late Arrival form- Transferred Candidate form- Access Arrangements OnlineA listening assessment.Electronic datafiles containing exams information(including specification codes, entry codes, timetable andfee information) particular to an exam series.BasedataProvided by awarding bodies for centres to download intothe exams administration module within their MIS forcreating entry files, completing subsequent examsadministration/organisation tasks and receiving resultsfiles.Description/DefinitionCarried forwardmarksMarks awarded for a unit/component of a qualification inone exam series and carried forward to a subsequentseries, where this is allowed by the qualification.See Unitised assessment; ComponentSee MIS; Entry file; Results fileCambridgeAssessmentInternationalEducationAn international awarding ash-in codeSee Unit; ere a candidate signs to confirm that work submitted forfinal assessment is their own unaided work.Candidate numberA four-digit identifier allocated to exam candidates;generated by the exam centre.CATsCandidate recordformCandidatestatement of entryA form recording the work completed by a candidate (nonexamination assessment).CEMSee Non-examination assessmentA statement for an individual candidate confirmingpersonal details and exam entry information.Deemed provisional until after the deadline for reviews ofresults or the outcome of any subsequent appeal.Certificates when issued confirm the candidate’s finalresults.CEM IBECentre Admin Portal.Centre for Evaluation and Monitoring. www.cem.org/The CEM IBE assessment is a post-16 assessment system designed forschools and colleges following the IB Diploma programme. Itprovides an individualised learner profile, comprising baselinemeasures and predictive information to ensure learners maximisetheir potential.(Taken directly from CEM website www.cem.org/cem-ibe)See CEMCentreAn examination or assessment centre (the centre) is approved by oneor more of the awarding bodies for the delivery of their qualifications.(Taken directly from JCQ General Regulations for ApprovedCentres 2018/19 Section 1)Centre NumberA 5-digit identifier allocated to a centre on centre approvalto offer qualifications.See RoRsCAPCognitive Abilities Tests. These tests are designed toassess a students’ ability used by many schools to streamclasses in Year 7.See Year 7A statement of exam results for an individual candidate.Candidatestatement ofprovisional resultsAn entry code (or trigger) which informs the awardingbody that the marks for individual units should becombined to give an overall grade for the qualification.Also referred to as aggregation, certification, subjectaward or cashing-in.
Key term/acronymDescription/DefinitionKey term/acronymSee NCNRCertificationCCEA(Taken directly from JCQ Construction of the common timetable FSMQ, GCE and GCSE qualifications)Where a final grade is awarded for a qualification.Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment.CCEA is a unique educational body in the UK, bringing together thethree areas of curriculum, examinations and assessmenthttp://ccea.org.uk/about us/what we doComplaints andappeals procedureCCEA has responsibility for the regulation of qualificationstaken by learners in N. Ireland.CCEA is also an awarding body/organisation. A JCQCICmember. tres will draw to the attention of candidates and theirparents/carers their written complaints and appeals procedurewhich will cover general complaints regarding the centre’s deliveryor administration of a qualification.(Taken directly from JCQ General Regulations for ApprovedCentres Section 5)An element of a linear qualification that is assessed andgiven a mark. Marks for all components of the qualificationare amalgamated into one overall grade for the wholequalification.See Linear qualificationC&G (CGLI)An awarding body/organisation. A JCQCIC member.https://www.cityandguilds.com/(City & Guilds [The City & Guilds of London Institute])ConsortiumA group of centres working together to offer/deliver aqualification (under joint teaching arrangements).See CentreClassification codeClerical re-checkSee Discount codeThis is a re-check of all clerical procedures leading to the issue of aresult.(Taken directly from JCQ Post-Results Services June 2018 andNovember 2018 – Section 4)ControlledassessmentSee Internal assessment; Legacy qualification; GCSESee RoRsCollections Online - Learners, Education, Children andTeachers.COLLECTCommon examtimetableCOLLECT is the Department for Education’s centralised datacollection and management uides-for-schoolsand-local-authoritiesAn internally assessed component of any remaining legacyGCSE (and CCEA GCSE) qualifications taken under variouslevels of control.CourseworkNormally an internally assessed component of anyremaining legacy GCE unitised AS and A level, ELC andProject qualifications.See Internal assessment; Legacy qualification; GCECTFCommon transfer format (file). Used to transmitpupil/student data electronically.See DfE; Secure AccessSee S2SThe FSMQ, GCE and GCSE awarding bodies produce commontimetables, covering all subjects, for the benefit of both candidatesand centres. The common timetable, supported by the JCQpublication Instructions for conducting examinations, acts in the bestinterests of candidates.The Department for Education is responsible for children’s servicesand education, including early years, schools, higher and furthereducation policy, apprenticeships and wider skills in England.Common timetables are constructed for the November GCSEexamination series and the June FSMQ, GCE and GCSE examinationseries.DfEDfE is a ministerial department, supported by 18 agencies and publicbodies.(Taken directly -foreducation)
Key term/acronymDescription/DefinitionWe use discount codes to group qualifications with similar contenttogether in the school performance tables. This is so that we don’tcredit schools twice for 2 similar qualifications.Discount codeDiscounting guidance and information is provided by theDepartment for Education 4-qualificationsdiscount-codes-and-point-scores and the QAN Key term/acronymEmergencyevacuationprocedure/ policyYou must have a written centre policy for dealing with anemergency evacuation of the examination room, which will besubject to inspection by the JCQ Centre Inspection Service.(Taken directly from JCQ Instructions for conducting examinationsSection 25)EndorsementSee Practical Skills Endorsement for the A LevelSciences and Spoken Language Endorsement for GCSEEnglish Language specifications designed for use inEnglandEntry codeA code used to make an exam entry for a candidate with anawarding body and against which a result will be reported.See QAN codeDouble awardWhere two qualifications of the same type (for exampleGCSEs) have been combined into one double award socandidates achieve two grades (for example 9-9)EBaccEnglish Baccalaureate. A combination of subjects that thegovernment thinks is important for young people to studyat GCSE.ECDLEntry fileEuropean Computer Driving Licence. IT qualificationsoffered by BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT (BCS [BritishComputer Society]). www.bcs.org/EDIEdexcel is a brand name used by Pearson.Examinations Officer.EOSee PearsonEPQEduqas is a registered trademark of WJEC CBAC Ltd.(Taken directly from http://eduqas.co.uk/about-us/ )See WJECELCEntry Level Certificate. A qualification below level 1(available at entry levels 1-3).The examinations officer is the person appointed by the head ofcentre to act on behalf of, and be the main point of contact for, thecentre in matters relating to the general administration of awardingbody examinations and assessments.The head of centre may not appoint themselves as theexaminations officer. A head of centre and an examinationsofficer are two distinct and separate roles.(Taken directly from JCQ General Regulations for ApprovedCentres Section 1)Electronic data interchange. A format for exchanging databetween centres and awarding bodies.See A2CEduqasAn electronic file of final exam entries sent to an awardingbody (only one entry file per exam series basedata setmust be sent).See A2C; Amendment file; Final entry; Exam series;BasedataNote – information regarding the changes/retirement/withdrawalof qualifications (See Some of our qualifications are changing.)EdexcelDescription/DefinitionEPAExtended project qualification. A level 3 qualification.See Project; Qualification levelEnd Point Assessment. A term used in relation to Ofqualregulated Apprenticeships - an assessment of theknowledge, skills and behaviours that demonstrate theoccupational competence required for the apprenticeship.See OfqualSee Qualification levelEPRSExamination Procedure Review Service. A serviceprovided by Ofqual where dissatisfied with the outcome of
Key term/acronymDescription/Definitionan awarding body Appeal hearing following a RoRs andpreliminary Appeal.(See (Regulating GCSEs, AS and A levels: guide for schools andKey term/acronymExam sessionDescription/DefinitionThe period when exams/assessments are taken on aparticular day (morning or afternoon).colleges) Reviews and Appeals)Information provided by awarding bodies showing date,session and duration of timetabled exams (normallygrouped by exam series).See RoRs; AppealsErratum noticeESFAA notice sent to centres by awarding bodies where an errorhas been found or a change is required to a previouslyissued exam question paper prior to the date of the exam.The Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) brings together theformer responsibilities of the Education Funding Agency (EFA) andSkills Funding Agency (SFA), to create a single agency accountablefor funding education and skills for children, young people andadults.ESFA is an executive agency, sponsored by the Department forEducation.(Taken directly and-skillsfunding-agency)Estimated entryAn early indication of the number of candidates likely to beentered for subjects of qualifications in future exam series’.Examinationcontingency planIt is the responsibility of the head of centre to ensure that his/hercentre has in place a written examination contingency plan whichcovers all aspects of examination administration. This will allowmembers of the senior leadership team to act immediately in theevent of an emergency or staff absence. The examinationcontingency plan must be available for inspection purposes;(The examination contingency plan should also reinforce proceduresin the event of the centre being unavailable for examinations or onresults day owing to an unforeseen emergency.)(Taken directly from JCQ General Regulations for ApprovedCentres Section 5)Exam cycleGenerally describes the exams management andadministration processes that take place before, during andafter exams/assessments (relating to each exam series).Exam timetableExams Timetable Tool – an online resource provided byThe Exams OfficeExams policyExternalassessmentA group of exams/assessments held in a specific period;normally described by month and year.An overarching policy document identifying roles,responsibilities and processes reflecting how exams aremanaged and administered in a centre (the detail providedin this policy can inform the centre’s exam contingencyplan should this need to be invoked)Components/units of a qualification that are taken as atimetabled exam/assessment that is set and marked(assessed) by the awarding body.See Component; UnitA candidate who is not on the roll of a centre but is enteredby and sits an exam at that centre.External/privatecandidateOfqual, the qualifications regulator for England, defines aprivate candidate as “a candidate who pursues a course ofstudy independently but makes an entry and takes anexamination at an approved examination centre”.See CentreExternal examsSee Exam seriesExam seriesSee Final timetable; Provisional timetable; Examseries; Common exam timetableEYFSExams (and assessments) which are set and marked byawarding bodies and must be conducted according toawarding body/JCQ instructions. See ICEEarly years foundation stage - a stage of the nationalcurriculum for children aged 3-4 and 4-5 (Receptionyear).The Early Years Foundation Stage sets standards forthe learning, development and care of children from birthto 5 years old.See Key stage; National curriculum
Key term/acronymDescription/DefinitionKey term/acronymDescription/DefinitionFABFederation of Awarding Bodies. The trade association forprofessional and technical awarding organisations.www.awarding.org.ukGQsGeneral qualifications. Generally academic qualifications(GCSEs and A levels [GCEs
Exams key terms glossary (2018/19) Published in August 2018 (Reviewed and updated in December 2018; March 2019) Hyperlinks provided in this document were correct as March 2019 This regularly updated glossary is provided to support exams officers by explaining or defining
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