M.Sc. Zoology Syllabus Structure Of M.Sc. Zoology Course
M.Sc. Zoology syllabus(With effect from Academic year 2018-19 for first semesters)Structure of M.Sc. Zoology courseA two years M.Sc., programme is formulated for developing competent Zoology. Theprogramme obliges students to read original publications and envisages significant inputs inLaboratory work, communication skills, creativity, planning, execution and critical evaluation ofthe scientific data. The course titles have been carefully chosen to represent the core courses andthe specialization introduced in the two years course of Zoology are :- Invertebrate & Vertebrate ,Gamete and Development biology, Endocrinology, Genetics & Evolution, Cell biology &Microbiology, Tools & Techniques, Metabolic regulations & cell functions, Animal Physiology,Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Environmental Biology, Animal behaviour & Neurobiology,Enzymology, Toxicology & Pharmocalogy, Animal Biotechnology, Immunology and MolecularBiology inconsonance with the objectives of the University. The courses formulated have aZoological slant than biological and are up to date. The course is fine tuned in order to enhance thejob opportunities of the students.M.Sc., ZoologyI SemesterS. NoCourseMarksTotalMarksInternal ExternalZTH101Structural anatomy of Invertebrate and vertebrate2575100ZTH102ZTH103ZTH104ZTH105Genetics & EvolutionCell Biology & MicrobiologyTools and Techniques in BiologyStructural anatomy of Invertebrate and vertebrate& Genetics & Evolution (Practical-1)Cell Biology & Microbiology & Tools andTechniques in Biology (Practical-2)252525757575100100100100ZTH106100II SemesterS.NoCourseMarksInternal ExternalZTH201ZTH202ZTH203ZTH204ZTH205Metabolic Regulation & Cell FunctionDevelopmental BiologyAnimal PhysiologyBiostatistics and BioinformaticsMetabolic Regulation & Cell Function &Developmental Biology (Practical-1)ZTH206 Animal Physiology & Biostatistics andBioinformatics (Practical-2)Non-core: ZTH 207: Animal diversity and Economic 00
III vironmental BiologyMolecular BiologyEndocrinologyEnzymologyEnvironmental Biology & Molecular Biology(Practical-1)ZTH301 Endocrinology & Enzymology (Practical-2)MarksTotal MarksInternal : ZTH 307: Biodiversity and Wild Life Management: 100IV SemesterS. nternal ExternalAnimal BiotechnologyToxicology And PharmacologyNeurobiology And Animal BehaviourImmunologyAnimal Biotechnology & Toxicology AndPharmacology (Practical-1)Neurobiology And Animal Behaviour &Immunology 100100100
EVALUATIONEvaluation is done by continuous assessment and semester- end examinations. Theory,practical (Lab work) will be carried out under the supervision of faculty.I Semester1. Four theory papers4X100 2. Structural anatomy of Invertebrate and Vertebrate & Genetics & Evolution3. Cell Biology & Microbiology & Tools and Techniques in BiologyTotal II Semester1. Four theory papers4X100 2. Metabolic Regulation & Cell Function & Developmental Biology3. Animal Physiology & Biostatistics and BioinformaticsTotal Non – Core: ZTH 207: Animal diversity and Economic ZoologyIII Semester1. Four theory papers2. Environmental Biology & Molecular Biology3. Endocrinology & Enzymology4X100 Total Non – Core: ZTH 307: Biodiversity and Wild Life ManagementIV Semester1. Four theory papers2. Animal Biotechnology & Toxicology and Pharmacology3. Neurobiology and Animal Behaviour & Immunology4X100 TotalGrand total Marks 600 600 600 600 2400Non-core 200 Marks will not be counted for deciding percentage/grade3 00----600----100400100100----600-----
YOGI VEMANA UNIVERSITY :: KADAPAM.Sc. ZoologyRevised Syllabus Effective from the Academic Year 2018-19Semester- IZTH 101 : STRUCTURAL ANATOMY OF INVERTEBRATA & VERTEBRATAUNIT -I1.1 Species concept, International code of Zoological nomenclature, Taxonomicalprocedures, New trends in taxonomy1.2 Acoelomata, Pseudocoelomata, Coelomata, Protostomia and Dueterostomia1.3 Patterns of feeding and digestion in Porifera and Coelenterata1.4 Feeding in Polychaeta, Mollusca and EchinodermataUNIT-II2.1 Structure of Gill, Lungs and Trachea2.2 Circulatory system in Annelids, Arthropods and Mollusca2.3 Advanced nervous system- Annelida, Arthropoda and Mollusca2.4 Larval forms of Crustacea and EchinodermataUNIT-III3.1 Vertebrate integument and its derivatives: skin structure and functions, glands, scales,horns, claws, nails, hoofs, feathers and hairs3.2 Evolution of heart3.3 Evolution of aortic arches3.4 Comparative account of respiratory organsUNIT-IV4.1 Evolution of Urinogenital system in vertebrate series4.2 Organs of Olfaction, taste and lateral line system4.3 Comparative anatomy of the brain in relation to its functions4.4 Spinal cord and cranial nerves in mammalsList of Practicals1. Museum study of all phylum wise representatives (Protozoa to Echinoderm)2. Museum study of all class wise representatives (Cyclostomes & Mammals)3. Virtual dissection of crab nervous system4. Virtual dissection of Poiceloceros digestive, reproductive and nervous system5. Virtual dissection of cockroach reproductive and nervous system6. Virtual dissection of weberian ossicle and brain in Labeo rohita7. Virtual dissection of cranial- Nerves of Labeo rohita8. Virtual dissection of cranial Nerves of frog/ toad9. Virtual dissection of circulatory (arterial & venous) system in Calotes10. Virtual dissection of Urinogenital system in Calotes.YVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 4
SUGGESTED READING MATERIAL1. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates. Vol.1. Protozoa through Ctenophora, Mc Graw HillCo., New York.2. Barrington, E.J.W. Invertebrate structure and function. Thomas Nelson and Sons Ltd.,London.3. Jagerstein, G. Evolution of Metazoan life cycle, Academic Press, New York&London.4. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates. Vol.8. Mc Graw Hall Co., New York and London.5. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates. Vol.2 Mc Graw Hall Co., New York and London.6. Barmes, R.D. Invertebrate Zoology, III edition. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia.7. Russel-Hunter, W.D. A biology of higher invertebrates, the Macmillan Co. Ltd., London.8. Hyman, L.H. The Invertebrates smaller coelomate groups, Vol. V. Mc. Graw Hill, Co.,New York9. Read, C.P. Animal Parasitism. Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey ! .10. Sedwick, A. A student text book of Zoology, Vol.II and III. Central Book Depot,Allahabad.11. Parker, T.J., Haswell, W.A. Text Book of Zoology, Macmillan Co., London.12. Alexander, R.M. The Chordata. CambridgeUniversity Press, London13. Barrington, E.J.W. The Biology of Hemichordata and Protochordata. Oliver and Boyd,Edinbourgh.14. Bourne, G.H. The structure and functions of nervous tissue. Academic Press, NewYork.15. Carter, G.S. Structure and habit in vertebrate evolution –Sedwick and Jackson, London.16. Eecles, J.C. The understanding of the brain. McGraw Hill Co., New York and London.17. Kingsley, J.S.Outlines of Comparative Autonomy of Vertebrates. Central Book Depot,Allahabad.ZTH 102: GENETICS & EVOLUTIONUNIT – I1.1 Principles of Mendelian Inheritance- Identification of DNA as a genetic material, Gene asa unit of expression.1.2 Interaction of genes: Multiple alleles, ABO groups & Rh factor, Epistasis; Incompletedominance, codominance; Complementary genes, duplicate genes, lethal genes1.3 Linkage, Recombination and gene mapping1.4 Mutations: a) spontaneous and b) induced mutations; c) Molecular basis of mutationsUNIT – II2.1 a) Numerical and Structural abnormalities of human chromosomes and syndromesb) Human karyotype and human genome2.2 Sex linked inheritance2.3 Pedigree analysis2.4 Eugenics: a) Positive eugenics, Artificial insemination, sperm banksb) Negative eugenics, Amniocentesis, consanguinity, Genetic counselingUNIT – III3.1 Theories of organic evolution- Emphasis on Darwinism and Lamarckism3.2 Neo-Darwinism3.3 Role of isolating mechanisms3.4 Models of speciation (Allopatric, sympatric and parapatric)YVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 5
UNIT – IV4.1 A detailed account on destabilizing forces (i) Natural selection (ii) Mutation (iii)Genetic drift4.2 Phylogenetic gradualism & punctuated equilibrium4.3 Micro & Macro evolution4.4 Gene Evolution and Amino acid sequence and phylogenyList of Practicals1. Blood grouping2. Rh factor demonstration3. Mendelian ratios and its related Problems4. Karyotyping5. Syndrome charts – demonstration6. Demonstration of Barr bodies7. Problems on Hardy Weinberg’s lawSUGGESTED READING MATERIALGenetics – Monrve W. Strickberger. 3rd Ed., May, 2000.Genetics – K.B. Ahluwallia – 1985.Principles of Genetics – E.J. Gardner. M.J. Simmons & D.P. Snustad.Molecular Biology of genes – Watson, J.D., N.H. Hopkins, J.W. Roberts, J.A. Steitz&A.M.5. Weiner. The Benjamin Cummings publishing company. Inc. Tokyo.6. Basic Human Genetics – E.J. Mange, Arthur P. Mange. Indian Print, 1997.7. Genetic disorders of Man by M.R. Goodman.8. An introduction to modern genetics by Ch. Waddinsgton.9. Dobzhansky, Th. Genetics and origin of species, Columbia University press.10. Dobzhansky, Th., F.J. Ayala, G.L. Stebbins and J.M. Valentine EVOLUTION:Surjeet publications, New Delhi latest edition.11. P.A. Moody Introduction to Evolution II ed/latest: Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.12. Hartl, D.L. A primer of population genetics, Sinauer Associatesm Inc., Massachusetts.13. Peter Volpe E. Understanding Evolution, University Book stall, New Delhi.14. An introduction to genetic analysis. Griffiths, A.J.F., J.H. Miller, D.T. Suzuki, R.C.Lewontin & W.M. Gelbark, W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.1.2.3.4.ZTH 103: CELL BIOLOGY & MICROBIOLOGYUNIT – I1.1 Cell organelles- Ultrastructure and functions: Cell Membrane, ER and Golgi complex,1.2 Cell organelles- Ultrastructure and functions: Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes andLysosomes1.3 Cell Division and Regulation- Mitosis, Meiosis, Cell Cycle and its regulation1.4 Cell death and proliferation – Apoptosis: definition, morphological and biochemicaldifferences between apoptosis and necrosis, mechanism (internal and external signals)and significance. Brief account of biology of cancer.UNIT – IIYVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 6
2.1 Cell signaling: Models of cell-cell signaling (steroid receptors, nitric oxide and carbonmonoxide)2.2 Functions of cell surface receptors (G-protein coupled receptors, Tyrosine kinases,cytokine receptors, receptors linked to other enzymatic activities), Pathways ofintracellular signal transduction (cAmp pathways, cyclic cGMP, phospholipids and Ca2 ,Ras, Raf and MAP kinases)UNIT-III3.1 History and Scope of Microbiology3.2 Microbial nutrition, growth and their control3.3 Normal microbial flora of human body-skin, nose, respiratory tract, stomach,intestine, urinogenital tract.3.4 Microbial diseases and their controla) Bacterial diseases - Tuberculosis, Plague, Anthrax,b) Viral diseases- AIDS, Rabies, Hepatitisc) Fungal diseases- Cutaneous mycoses, Sub-cutaneous mycoses and Systemicmycoses,d) Protozoan diseases - Amoebiasis and MalariaUNIT-IV4.1Microbiology of fermented food (Diary Products, Meat and Fish, Microorganisms assources of food4.2 Industrial Microbiology (Types of fermentation process, Alcoholic beverages)4.3 Industrial productions - Lactic acid and Glutamate4.4 Therapeutic compounds – Antibiotics (Penicillin), Steroids and Industrial enzymes(Amylase and Protease).List of Practicals1. Mitosis – Onion root tips2. Meiosis in flower buds/Grasshopper testis3. Giant chromosome inChironomus Larva4. Effect of colchicine on mitosis5. Stainingtechniques–simple,Gram’s staining6. Isolation of microorganisms7. Wet mount preparations8. Antibiotic sensitivity testsSUGGESTED READING MATERIAL1. Cell Biology (Fundamentals and Applications) By Gupta / Jangir, 2001; Agrobios, India.2. Cell and Molecular Biology by EDR De Robertis and EMR De Robertis Jr, IndianEdition, B.I. Publicaitons, Pvt. Ltd.3. The Cell (A Molecular Approach) by Geoffrey M. Cooper, 2nd Edn. 2000, ISBN.4. Text Book of Microbiology, by R. Aananthnarayan &C.K. Jayaram Panikar, 4th Edition,Orient Longmen, Hyderabad, 1990.5. General Microbiology by C.B. Powar & H.F. Daginawala 1st Edition, Himalaya PublishingHouse, Bombay, 1982.6. Elements of Microbiology, by M.J. Pelzar, Jr & E.C.S Chan International students Edition,1981, MCGRAW-Hill international Book Company, New Delhi.7. Microbiology C.M. Presscots, J.P. Harley & D.A Klein Mc Graw Hill. WCBYVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 7
ZTH 104: TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES IN BIOLOGYUNIT-I1.1 Microscopy: Types of microscopes – Phase contrast microscope, Fluorescencemicroscope; Electron microscope – TEM and SEM1.2 Centrifugation – basic principles, Types of rotors, high speed and ultracentrifuge1.3 Principles of spectroscopy, Laws of Light absorption, applications of Colorimetry,Spectrophotometry1.4 Measurement of pH and biological BuffersUNIT-II2.1 Chromotography – paper chromatography – thin layer chromatography2.2 Ion exchange chromatography and affinity chromatography2.3 Introduction to FPLC and HPLC2.4 Radio isotope techniques – types of radio isotopes, detection and measurement ofradiaoactivity, Applications of radio isotopes in biological sciences and safety measuresUNIT-III3.1Microtomy and staining procedures– types of microtomes, types of stains, stainingprocedures of biological materials3.2 Electrophoresis: SDS-PAGE, Agarose gel electrophoresis3.3 Blotting techniques3.4 ELISAUNIT-IV4.1 Design and functioning of tissue culture laboratory methodology4.2 Culture media preparation4.3 Cell proliferation measurements4.4 Cell viability testing and cell harvesting methodsList of Practicals1. Separation of biological compounds bypaper chromatography2.PreparationofBuffersandMeasurement of pH3. Separation of biological compounds ofby TLC4. Absorption spectra of proteins andnucleotides5. Separation of mitochondria anddifferential centrifugation6. Separation of biomolecules using HPLC7. Preparation of cell culture media8. Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGESUGGESTED READING MATERIAL (ALL LATEST EDITIONS)1. Animal Cell Culture – A practical approach, Ed.John. R.W.Masters, IRL Press.2. Introduction TO Instrumental analysis, Ronert Braun. McGraw Hill International3. A Biologists Guide to Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry, K. Wilson &K.W. Goulding, ELBS Edn.4. Advanced Micripipette Techniques for cell physiology. K.T. Brown and D.G. FlammingIBRO,Hand Book Series.A Wiley Interscience publications,John Wiley and Sons,NewYorkYVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 8
5. Neuro anatomical Techniques, N.J. Stransfed and T.A. Miller Springer Verlag, New YorkHeidelberg, Berlin, 1980.6. Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology by Robert S. Feldman, Jerrold S. Meyer andUnida quenzer. Sinancer Associates Inc. Publishers. Sunderland, Massachusetts, 1997.7. General Zoological Microtechniques – F.M. Weesner.PRACTICALSZPR 105: Practicals related to theory papers ZTH 101 and ZTH 102ZPR 106: Practicals related to theory papers ZTH 103 and ZTH 104Semester- IIZTH 201: METABOLIC REGULATION & CELL FUNCTIONUNIT – I1.1 Chemical bonds (Covalent, Hydrogen bonds, Ionic bonds, Vanderwall’s interactions)1.2 Thermodynamic principles in biology1.3 Outline classification of organic compounds (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids)1.4 Orders of protein structure (primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary)UNIT – II2.1 Glycolysis, TCA cycle and their biological importance2.2 Pentosephosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis2.3 Regulation of carbohydrate metabolism (Glycolysis and TCA cycle)2.4 Mitochondrial electron transport system, Oxidative phosphorylationUNIT – III3.1 Beta-oxidation of palmitic acid; Biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids (Palmitic acid)3.2 Oxidative deaminaiton, decarboxylation and transamination of amino acids.3.3 Biosynthesis of Urea and detoxification of ammonia3.4 Biosynthesis of polyaminesUNIT – IV4.1 Nucleotides and types4.2 Biosynthesis of Nucleotides4.3 Degradation of Nucleotides4.4 Clinical disorders of purine metabolismSUGGESTED READING MATERIAL1. Robert K.Murrey, D.K. Granner, P.A. Mayes and V.W. Rodwell; Harper’sBiochemistry McGraw Hill Publishers.2. Biochemistry by A.L.Lehninger, Kalyani publishers, New Delhi.3. D. Voet and J.G. Voet, Biochemistry, J. Wiley & Sons.4. David L. Nelson and Michael M. Cox, Lehninger; Principles of Biochemistry,McMillan Worth Publications.YVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 9
List of Practicals1. Estimation of glucose2. Estimation of soluble and structural proteins3. Estimation of carbohydrates4. Estimation of amino acids5. Estimation transport of Glucose6. Estimation of Blood glucose7. Estimation of Lipids8. Estimation of TriglyceridesZTH 202: DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGYUNIT I1.1 Germ line determination: Germ plasm and the determination of the primordial germcells.1.2 Germ cell determination in Nematodes, Insects and Amphibians.1.3 Germ cell migration in Drosophila1.4 Germ cell migration in Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds and MammalsUNIT II2.1 Gametogenesis: Morphological basis in animals, semen composition, formation, spermfunction, Spermatogenesis2.2 Leydig cells: Morphology, Differentiation, function and its regulation.2.3 Oogenesis and Vitellogenesis: Ovulation, super ovulation and ovum transport inmammals.2.4 Fertilization: Biochemistry of fertilization and post fertilization events.UNIT III3.1 Creating Multi-cellularity: Cleavage types, comparative account of gastrulation,Neurulation3.2 Germ layers: Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm3.3 Tetrapod limb development3.4 Metamorphosis in Insects and AmphibiansUNIT IV4.1 Biology of sex determination: Testis determining genes, ovarian development, secondarysex determination in mammals, Environmental sex determination4.2 Body axes: Establishment of body axes in mammals4.3 Proximate tissue interaction4.4 Genes and MorphogenesisList of Practicals1. Observation of developmental stages in frog and chick2. Observation of different cleavage stages in the eggs of Lymnea (fresh water snail)3. Role of shell during developmental of chick4. Protein turnover during development of chick5. Phosphorous metabolism in developing chick embryo6. Calorific values during the development of chickYVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019Page 10
7. Ontogeny of excretory pattern in developing chick8. Vitellogenesis in Crab9. Fecundity index in Crab10. Induced breeding in Frog11. Spermatozoa observation in different vertebratesReference Books:1. Austen, C.R. and Short, R.V. Reproduction in Animals2. Schatten and Schatten. Molecular Biology of Fertilization3. F.T. Longo, Fertilization, Chapman & Hall4. R.G. Edwards, Human Reproduction5. S.F. Gillbert, Development Biology, Sinauer Associates Inc., Massachusetts6. Ethan Bier the Coiled Spring Harlsor Laboratory Press, New York.ZTH 203: ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGYUNIT – I1.1 Feeding mechanisms and regulation1.2 Comparative physiology of digestion of carbohydrates, protein and fats1.3 Gastro-intestinal Hormones in regulation of digestion1.4 Vitamins and their role in cellular metabolismUNIT – II2.1 Respiration- Types of Respiration, Respiratory organs, Mechanism of Respiration2.2 Circulation of body fluids and types of hearts2.3 Patters of nitrogen excretion among different animal groups and their evolutionarysignificance2.4 Osmoregulation in different animal groups (aquatic and terrestrial)UNIT – III3.1 Principles of Thermoregulation3.2 Homeothermic animals and Poikilothermic animals3.3 Hibernation and Aestivation3.4 Biological rhythmsUNIT – IV4.1 Bioluminesence- Chemistry and functional significance4.2 Chromatophores and regulation of their function4.3 Structure and function of muscles, Theories of muscle contraction.4.4 Physiology of receptors (Photo, Phono and chemo receptors)List of Practicals1. Assay of lipase2. Assay of amylase3. Assay of pepsin4. Assay of ascorbic acid5. Demonstration of
YVU – MSc Zoology Syllabus, 2018-2019 Page 6 UNIT – IV 4.1 A detailed account on destabilizing forces (i) Natural selection (ii) Mutation (iii) Genetic drift 4.2 Phylogenetic gradualism & punctuated equilibrium 4.3 Micro & Macro evolution 4.4 Gene Evolution and Amino acid seque
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VERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY A life of Vertebrate – K.Z.Young, ELBS Oxford University Press. Modern Text Book of Zoology Vertebrate – R.L.Kotpal, Rastogi Publication Meerut. A Text Book of Chordate Zoology – R.C.Dalela –Jaiprakashnath Publication Meerut. Chordate Zoology – E.L.Jordan and P.S.Verma, S.Chand and Company New De
