Solstice Gas Blowing Agent Conversion Manual Technical .
Blowing AgentsSolstice Gas Blowing AgentConversion ManualVersion 1.1
TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION . 4Solstice Gas Blowing Agent (GBA) Overview.4SOLSTICE GBA TECHNICAL DATA . 5Physical and Chemical Properties. 5Temperature Considerations. 5Solstice GBA Physical Properties – English Units. 6Solstice GBA Physical Properties – SI Units. 7Physical Properties – Continued. 7FLAMMABILITY CONSIDERATIONS. 8Flammability of Gases – Definitions and Measurement. 8Minimum Ignition Energy.8-9Flammability Characteristics Summary. 9MATERIALS COMPATIBILITY. 10Compatibility Test Method. 11Qualification. 12Process Application Considerations. 12Gaskets and Seals: Conversion Considerations. 12HEALTH, SAFETY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL . 13General Safety Training. 13Material Safety. 13Hazards Common to Most Fluorocarbon Materials. 13Ingestion. 14Skin Exposure. 14Inhalation Exposure. 14Thermal Decomposition. 14Personal Protective Equipment – Solstice GBA. 14BULK STORAGE VESSELS . 15Minimum Requirements . 15Sub-systems Requirements . 15Level Measurements . 15Valves . 15Pumps . 16Gaskets . 16Pressure Relief Devices. 16Neat Solstice GBA Handling and Storage . 16Storage Vessel Inerting . 16Solstice GBA Conversion Manual2
BULK STORAGE VESSELS (CONTINUED)Tank Conversion Procedures . 17Solstice GBA Bulk Storage Tank Conversion . 17Polyol Blend Tank Conversion . 18SOLSTICE GBA PACKAGES . 19Cylinder Storage . 20Cylinder Return Instructions . 21Cylinder Markings .22-24Cylinder Example Images .25-30POLYOL (MASTER BATCH) BLENDING . 31Solstice GBA Polyol and Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (PMDI) Miscibility . 32Miscibility Test Procedure . 32Miscibility Table: Solstice GBA in Select Polyols and PMDI. 32Extruded Thermoplastic Foams . 33DRAWINGS . 34Descriptive Drawings & Schematics .35-41APPENDICES . 42Vapor Pressure of Blowing Agent – English Units . 42Vapor Pressure of Blowing Agent – SI Units . 43Vapor Pressure Comparison Charts . 44REFERENCE NOTES . 45Solstice GBA Conversion Manual3
IntroductionMany extruded thermoplastic foam applications (i.e., extruded polystyrene) and select polyurethaneand polyisocyanurate foam applications that used hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) orhydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) are transitioning to Solstice Gas Blowing Agent (GBA), also known asHFO-1234ze(E). It is the ultra-low global warming potential (GWP) blowing agent of choice. This islargely due to its environmental and performance properties.This conversion manual has been developed as a part of Honeywell’s commitment to a smoothtransition to Solstice GBA. It has been designed to answer questions and to provide guidance onstorage, handling, and processing of Solstice GBA in blowing agent applications. Chemical andphysical property data, as well as related health and safety data for Solstice GBA are included inthis manual. While this manual is intended to be thorough, it is not possible to cover every situationthat may be found in all the manufacturing facilities around the world. Consequently, it is stronglyrecommended that the end user consult with qualified experts to assess their particular needs,including adherence to local, regional, national, and all other applicable codes and regulations whenconverting to Solstice GBA.Solstice Gas Blowing Agent (GBA) OverviewSolstice GBA is a hydrofluoro-olefin (HFO) with the chemical structure trans-1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene. Other nomenclature for Solstice GBA include: HFO-1234ze(E), (E)-1,3,3,3tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene, Solstice 1234ze and Solstice 1234ze(E). Hereafter in this document, Solstice GBA will be used in identifying this molecule. SolsticeGBA is an ultra-low GWP replacement for HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HCFC-142b, and HCFC-22 infoam applications. Examples include polyurethane, polyisocyanurate, extruded polystyrene plank,pressurized polyurethane foams (one-component and two-component applications), and froth foams.Solstice GBA exhibits very low GWP due to the double bond present in the carbon backbone and it isnon-ozone-depleting. Solstice GBA exhibits several desirable attributes: Chemical and physical properties similar to HFC-134a and HFC-152a Ultra-low GWP. (GWP100 year 1) No long-lived atmospheric breakdown products Non-flammable by U.S. DOT definition (reference 49 CFR 173.115) Non-flammable by ASTM E-681 (@23 C, 1 atmosphere, 50% relative humidity)and EU A11 (@26 C, 1 atmosphere) test methodologies Boiling Point of -2.2 F / -19 C Low order of toxicity, 800ppm 8-hour time weighted average (TWA)per U.S. Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS)Workplace Environmental Exposure Level Guide (WEEL), 2012 Compatible with commonly used metals, plastics, and elastomers Excellent polyol miscibility Good polymer melt solubility in polystyrene Superior foam properties, especially k-factor (lambda) and compressive strengthDue to these desirable attributes, Solstice GBA is ideally suited to replace HFCs and HCFCs in manyfoam insulation applications where superior environmental, flammability, and foam performance isdemanded over hydrocarbons or other gaseous blowing agents, such as dimethyl ether (DME).Specific technical data for Solstice GBA is included in the next section of this manual.Solstice GBA Conversion Manual4
Solstice GBA Technical DataPhysical and Chemical Properties*12These are butsome of a mosaicof properties thatmust be evaluated in assessingcandidate blowingagents.Reference:Carter, W. P L., 2009,"Investigation ofAtmospheric Ozoneimpacts of Trans1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene."Reference:T.J. Wallington aSulbaekAndersen b, O.J.Nielsen, 2015,"Atmosphericchemistry of shortchain haloolefins:Photochemical ozonecreation potentials(POCPs), globalwarming potentials(GWPs), and ozonedepletion potentials(ODPs)."Certain physical and chemical properties of Solstice GBA are shown in Table 1 (English Units) andTable 2 (SI Units)*. For comparative purposes, the properties of some other common currently orpreviously used blowing agents are also shown in Table 3.Solstice GBA has properties which make this molecule an ideal low environmental impact blowingagent. It is non-flammable by ASTM E-681 (@23 C, 1 atmosphere, 50% relative humidity) and byEU A11 (@26 C, 1 atmosphere) test methodologies. The boiling point of Solstice GBA is such thatthis material is a liquefied gas under pressure and in practice, Solstice GBA is normally introducedinto the foaming process in its liquid phase. Therefore, all processing equipment, metering (flowmeasurement), and mixing will be in the liquid phase and, as such, associated equipment shouldbe configured for processing liquids (liquefied gas under pressure). Because the molecular weight*of Solstice GBA is moderately higher than HFC-134a, similar use levels can be realized in foamformulations. Solstice GBA is classified for transportation as a non-flammable liquefied gas underpressure. However, as with many materials, this molecule exhibits vapor flame limits at elevatedtemperatures, humidity, and/or pressures.Low GWP materials, in the context of atmospheric lifetime, often prove to be volatile organiccompounds (VOC) contributing to ground level ozone formation. The measure that characterizeswhether a chemical is a VOC is the Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR). The MIR measure atwhich chemicals are generally considered to be a VOC is that of ethane. The MIR of Solstice GBA hasbeen calculated to be approximately one-third the value for ethane1.Subsequently, Solstice GBA has been classified as VOC-exempt in the United States (U.S. EPA).The European Union uses a somewhat different measure to characterize propensity for ground levelozone formation, namely photochemical ozone cr
transition to Solstice GBA. It has been designed to answer questions and to provide guidance on storage, handling, and processing of Solstice GBA in blowing agent applications. Chemical and physical property data, as well as related health and safety data for S
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