Automotive Industries - Real Story Of The Mini - Sandy Munro
C OVE R S T O R Y by lindsay Brookeith an overall length of just 142 ind , til. 200'l "Hni.(Ax II",'r L ; th e s ho rtest pr.s senger caravailable fo r sale in North Amenca, TIlt' cute littl e Brit w ith tJlt' s miley fact' L ; a whoppingZJ inches shorter than Honda's new Ctvtc Si h;uchhack. It's also m och lighter. Even in fullyladf'n "S trim, wtth an Eaton sUIX'rcha I'r, imereooter; (Hq:Jl."l"li h't'lIrbox and 17-inchwheels, the 2,513-po1.md " Imi C.o oper w Kk'rruts the' Chic by pounds.TI M' B.\ tW-huiltmay not be as "n uru" a.'l it. k'gt''Odal)' pn'( 1f' wturh soki woridvvide, andbrit.'l1y in tJM'f( 1f' 41 ytwS. But yt:/tJ Nluld a ln tfl'4 tuck lhi ' fWW (JIlt· in.-QIk' a Ford l';Xrnr.iion andW"Iiniu.s.,Illl\ " room k'ft on foc gnx,1it. 11'K' rewis es m uch about buikli.ng a su",ilI' C brdl k.l as it is ahout a vha:1ou.,;, fun-to-drive car"Iini( p. 18). t:'lIahiishing Mini was \it.J. to B"I\\. JO:'O,,1h pla.ns foc two J1 " lSUIlS. 1be 1)1;'w brand .ill ('0\'.l tiM' n.ui{l1 di rw1Jy hPklw the upcoming B fW t. 'IWs thai hows in WAnd of CUlIJSt', "Iilu is \'\"1)' inlilOruUli 10 lIS in Sortll Aml'firn for'lX'lfling to kl'11 our CAtt; situationill hlll:uW'l:': adds n I\\Rs rew O\ai.mllU\, 1I. 'IJ1llu I':ulk,'. .i th hrUUl'l);UIY !Ollllfl 10 afld its '('Ofld 8t'\:l ':Ulkl' nt'l'l IUflO' (IMoIl,\'(lIlCIflIY in his IlI'111hM1 )lllftfllticl.Sma!! I\'i il tot. hm w wr. tiM' Iuu ('lMIIII'" is sllIll·kiJlJdy w r-ll l . ll lil ll ll. l lt lul'll-" f'f II.'fil'lt.It'fiu"'o.ltV. 11IO I"ria1'O illlli rl. l1n dlOd 1)1,io-:\l1yItral'l ' larXl'f. IlIl1n' I'XI." \1' whit'iI'!i, II '!! Illult :UIIl houlflll likea link' B:\IW lllllt iL. Ii. III "';uIIl;u"d rlllll1"ll'l ILlIIII n lfl- !.Ll.,' a rh"' 'fio 'A'uIIIl,w !;III'IlI"'.!l1I·h MiI. ll l11· a .11111 1f1 \lNlIl ,.r l\:\l \lo . (;UlIfIl1'l7.wr.iI· llllllllhnk OI"NOIl ; -1-""h 01 dl'il'1w,u. IUlI.II», III ""h'!I -l il: u uII'1 Alts . ith t:J,. 1n OIlio ' Iklu., I "-"'nlllll. 111l1l1 ( '.oOlI1"lnlC Bmk.·( '.11.In .!; a Sflnul;lfllq . li. '(l w ll:ut W iUlt ""' 111 (,11114 . . 1Al II 'S-:!) . lIh Ul'oO --N"II .1 """'I); ('II" 111. 1"'0'"IUII I 11111.'" h llr.tl 'l lfl lh 'l U lIl; Stl 11M11'1' tl l11 J(llt.hY·",ln · iUII l 1 n,1S lU h.!;.,. """'1n . lit a Vi\l.,\) IlllliJ,*" llil· ulilll' iIllIlMlh i!uA 'f. iUlll ZI-' IA 111c 1)·Sh 11M ··!I I ·" "'1n h)"'- ln u.!M' 111' ", 1'" stl.'rir " h k il o(tJu.", is pr1o:rystuff, 0lI1I! tl ll'n"s 1111 Ill' ortt R\1U!;\ll\l' in Milu ( '(I('Il,r:. dln'f' option bwlll!t's. Ilni Il IO U li.; lI I-: U llllltllll I, .1SI. I X'· llllll lll'O.ll;ulIl'" "'1t/ lIhly .,lIlnll, a Sj'"11l1\'111:1\iJ :;d;on syst f'IJ\,( " . 1( \)'1 '111' mil !1;1l Ii "",- II 7.1-' t"l'111iluIIIINy \"llrt olli, ' In uNI IL"I'd, " 111I1I 1Ih. ' 1':.11' ,"I .r-r, ;UllI 11« cdll'f 11I'!i,
The Technology'. Paid ForAutomakers generally don't make money S(' small curs. Sohow does BI\'fW aim to (10 it with the new Mini? Posi tioning tJlt'brand upscale and loarling up the cars with s urefire options mayl:'n"iure p ro fltahility in the short term. Stncc Mini 's U.K launch lastsummer, the richly-equipped COOPf'f moods ha ve accounted formore U\11ll half oftot.al sales. They an" in effect subsidizing th eMini-I, the ilion' sparsely equipped base version for the U.K andgeneral export markets,Only Cooper-spec cars are plann ed for North America whew Hi;WO starts you on th e llahU1illy-l ';pinll{'( I I I 5-hp Mini COOpt'f,and W 1i)O gets thp Wa'-hp S-mIKh'l, which I',UI hi' l'llthllll'ti up 10about , 2fi,OOO.,Jac k Pitney, Rt'l lI'mI IlUUl: ('f (If Miui l ISA ( tJll ' U,S, 11 "iCJi I I\l tl If)and a renner Bl\fW f'XPll IIM" a 'rt.'I thnt tJlI ' h nu HI's overall III L'li1l1'S'l plan 'I built 10 iN' prn fitilhlt, I'V('1l nn th l' low 1111ltl'n l Mini-I.III' aIgllt 'S thaI Il't'hm 111'I{Y i nvestments, such iL'I U"il lilt, h i h I1N 7.raxlt, tlt'Si)o(Jl, an amortized 11Vt'f BM\\"s worldwide produclion - mo rt' dum 9(O,OOll llllits L."iC year ."we'd hI' foolish no! /0 take nd\7Ulli (' (If H&I)tflill's nlm uly!JI'('IIpa id Ior;" Ill' says.'1111' l'tIIlIII:Uty'Sinitial U.S. lM,;I.II'f plan L"! limih'd hI 70 ston-s.l'ill'll owned hy ;UlI 'X 'ililL BMW fr;u lt 'Il 'l( ' bur n.[llirill 11!"'fl:lrarelooulon and .afT. l'itm 'Y's lIlullllt,rs show I I d I';ll'h l l.s. 111'; 1.1·t'f ('lUI hI' pro l'iwh ll' !"'llin!l: :100 Minisl K'I' yt '; U'. "'n lill's 2 1.000 ("i U'SIK'f yt'nr - a Pl'tlfilHf llt'II '\'I'1 fllf IL"! fill" Il u' fi l 1 yt'; tr, II" ;Illll"!.If I'itm 'y alill hL"! t't Illllh 'l'"f I:u1s ill t IIflt'f llIiU·kl'1."! III 't't I IlILIn' t'llP.i,the Cowley plant in Oxford , England, can huild them The plan t iscaparitized for 200,000 unit s an nual ly on three shifts . Recently thethird shift was added, and analysts have acljLL'ited their productionradars upw ard."'T11(' mow to a third shift surprised lIS: savs Mark Fuhhrope,manager of European forecast servicesat fBM Worldv.ide, inBytleet, 1- «I;U1d "'nlP p lan was fo r 100,000 units, hut now we'll'forecasting nearly 150,000 Minis per year; f're.st nl salt'Svolumesan looking pretty strong for them Production Challenge.F'ultlm'l ll-' and nlh('f iUUI1ystS tx-ltevo that future product plal "hi lId the kt'y 10 any SIL'il.ruIUlh lp Mini !l:nldmillt'. A ( 'Hhrin 'I ('t llllingIII -xt year ru 1(1a Milli pickuphas !It't'n ;\1 lJln n'I'(1. IJt1Il1 ;ID' ('X!1I'(11't11l , IIiIVI' {':II- 'I1I'f."I ('t)lllt'1I1 It'ypL-;and Sill:llifil'i utt II:u1s cnnunonnlny with lIlt' ('t 111111'. A rl-lhIIII'Yl'rsinn " said 10 III' under senous('tIlL-;idt' mlit)l1. Mini-I al.'ill v.ill!l:I'11lTnyola-hui\l UiL Dl lm1K.llil':"l'I,.'It II m 'ed from 1111' .IaII:U \l":'il' nutomnkcrs now l'Iq,ti1l1' plantin Fn uu-e-."ll :\lW 1';Ullllll 11 pn-mium pri!'t ' 0I11ht ' (lil":'il'l :\lini lUllllott't it,in I-:Ilrt'l lt': no h'S F'llllh n'l lt'.BMWIU'lIlO! puhlk lv pill a Slunl ll!il.l 0 1\ till' Mini pmw-;un'sd.,\·t'!I'Ilm.'nl ('tN . But UlI' m ltllll tkl'f I\1 L'i said it pumpe d mu g hly [-.(1) millil lll illttI new plant ;UltIII K,ling fl'f the Illll)o(J un (('(It II'tuum 'tIJ U'-.l I) sillt't' it al'tlu i" 'tIl hl' nOlllll II 'ril How f (;,, " II' in1\" I. 11 al'ltI filll' \t'tf ll:lI r (If Ih. ' , ."-.l kl lnillil III'lh 1l'(' t'IIWIlt' WIlIIl'"(,'iH' liidd Jf/l' /,, ;. ),Al lJlI' till II' IIr IfU' Inkl't1\'1'f, IIMW rt'IIIl/1t'tllv illht,tit t'tllwarly('\'1'1\BMW". new British-Bavarian brand launches a new concept- the premium small car.AutomOlive Industries ' April 2002 ' 2 1
2 0 0 2 MINICranking Out The Cockpit At Intierith nearly 10 biIion buid variants, the new Mlri presents Tier 1Wintegrator! wtth sequencinganddellve'Y chaUenges. AndBM'N WBnts near infinite build combinatIOnS: rcres NormanTaylor, generalmanagerof Magna'slntier plant in Reddllch,England,'MUch supplles the MiniS cockpct modukland numerous Irltenor panels To make Stl'e iI: delivers everyone otthose different cars, Inbel' hasset up 'lMlatll calls "e Iate-conflguratlon facMy'" based inReddltch thatadds late changes for certain V1Nslvehicle identrfication numbers).Taylor ellplalns tt'tatltle RSO program represents the firsttime BMWGrouphas OI.ltSOO"ced such I higtIty integrllled cockpll: modoIe. It'salso a first for the Reddllch plantinmanaging a supplychainthatseetcnes across the European Unlon-from Meridian Technologies Il'ltilly lmagnesium cross-ca' beamlto Valeo 11 Gunnany IHVAC unitl, toHunga'Y IWR'lO l'llmessl.Spain I. V'8fltJ1 and Frl neeIVlrioui tmllThI Mns 0NQ1g com-IMenor IIni,,, is l'i ully .mMtai"i",. c;.bi"'-ettoll toll '" Material'III. lity it lIi,lI.Cock,itt"':0,.bItpleXItY calledtor abl*lprocess. InClIr tim. up WIlh IIJown UI1lQUIas:sembty SVSIlIITltobl*l cockpl: moc1ies It's an .pIIrt VT netwOO dubbedMIDAS Map IntegraledOalabaM vItlllTlMIDAS hes alectrllOlC ICrvel'llat Heh . ltatlon to pr0-vide operaton 'Mltlll'lstructlons,process.1ens and build venflcation on a reaf.llITIe baSIS. Withthe svsrem partsare checked 10 prove proper aSSllmbly sequence andelecmcal tesl! are performed,Until all checksare madeandcleared by MIDAS,the cockpit cannotmove 10 the nextstaoon.Ta'y1or cab this a 'no-laull·foIw8rd'assemblyenvironment Thesystem alsorecords traclIsbilrty of setew.crecet itemsonthB module.Intier 'NOn the Mini business in partbecause itwas already a BMWotenor systems supplier. But thecompanySIJII had10 lump through senous hoops tor R5O. 'We rllniolntwortshops every Saturday lor monthsand months,lO make sure wehadQappu11l 1lnd stackissueshandled, 10mllke SUfi \/\18hlId consisteney,· Taylor asserts, · PeopIe allntier wantthe Mini10 be measuredequalto very ellj}ensive ca rs. To YWl1he Mtni's door panel buSll'less. lnbel' retied on Magna's technical depth. BMWspecified elow·pressure elltrUsion molded panel;bmerwes USIng that technology at one of itsAustnanplantsandbrought II: 10 Redditth.The planl's 350empIoyees are currenlly 'Mll'blg a &day week tokeeppace with the ttwdshrtt receotly addedat Drlord. The company sliIsupplies MGRover and land Rover. Prior to 1tis program we hada veryUK. base: recalsTayIor. Now we're verv global -La22 AUlomoI ive IndUI1"" April 2002eM f1MapIIllltler lpltot f.n IlUlltlltllll !tUI.'. ·!Ii alUuw n . """' 1'"Ia !'ItllO'k " llh a '"· w · Iuu cltosiwl nllll"'flllU 111111 I 1111 '''.'Y III d ·k-.ll n. II w as al. lu.!'Il:urk .nl, a malal thai had ,.:.riIlP,-d,.III1IIl UlY tJlI1tlijCh :1 . Y"ar.! of pn.ictllNl"'lll'nt Unl.L'Ih 1",.·louIII, tJlI' Unli.'lil.er"'wn/II,ur nL.h A.' 1l"'11111'" .u III ''\/0'11 f 1Il,.r11lu1jIl'r II, IIl1la I'II, or ( '0.11I . ·r'" 11lllun' WItH ICI , tolhi.l a."'"'llply 1t.'11. I.t.· , w.· !'llruAAl'od ttl nlll-VUlt . , Ih.'1II lOll"" 1,1. 11l1l1il' st.'l'rlllR, "hidl dllninah'S tJw power sn .,mll'! I" UUIl a",1 !'li1\1'S Sl:llu-e.w n.'al b lik., Oillws, a leand.'SiJo:!I ("lIn.u!tl uII wtth U.S.·h,'. t ftuUl) & A. JC. who woriwclOil It'il l. w"n Kl t·XIII·ll. iVl',' th,'y'c1 !'lilY."TI,.·n ('IU, \l' m IW. (1IlUnJIl Ul IJt'm cl l 'i.'I('llMliril'dt 'r (1lt1 ,Ill'w o fAI .:' 1. iRolli.". ,'!l'llln r of IJl ' Wfl!I Mini ) und hL" product ddt'!WolfWu ){.'it7J.· illlllll.:!i lll'ly ll1lprml. 1the lini f1r'Sign nJlI01Jl.and kkk l l off 1U" l1with Iull fllndill . SinC'l' thou, UH' carx ovemllfl lnll hI\." n'll l1li ll' . l lnll' II' III '. 'r' hl ull l'iC llll,' styl in ('C'I II'I'IJl.'1111' M inl' .lllulj" ll1 U)' Illl. ' d iI1.1".:l llw d, 'SiJo:!I1UHI IJlu·kagil ofS)"'Ill'l11 (ln lh.' car, lIoll 'S Iarlc Ii nulW" fom1l'rIy Rml'r'sUfo'A (11.'Si)tn for Il. 'lIIhly) ("'-In lilllilo r mid nn w a n lflsl\ll u'twi lJ, ll111m & A ia"'S' EUnlj:II'l Ul om,. .Lirna , ' n'("ll\l" Ihal ;t('hi.ing man)' of tJll' day 1ll0(it'I'Sdt'signd.'1.lul'lorl t1l1' pn lm1i'lfl rar W1\." ('hall\'1 1lw nusll--fittingwraparound gla, tho'll ("l1"aI . thr :\Iini's ·'tloatiIlRrooi klOkgaw 1·ngi.Jlt.'('r.Jhl'a,!:u·hl'S. I': u.kl ing llll' BMW-m.andall'l l Z axlt'bec-.un.-' a nULgic tlick that CU';t prt"C'iou.-.l.imt , as did shoffiom.iI1R tJll' su".·,'d illlo an aln-'ady jaJlUlwd ''1 J8int' ('()IllrartmNll. 1'r)tng Iofmd nKJITI foraL r lUI'! tank, to i.I tht tini's ral , ('\''1IIual!y kott 10 thr nm-tlat tin-'option thai ma)·h.-'("flfTl(-' !4.'mdal'd 01'1 (utWl;-' Ii.ni.'fI'.,"",'rya l- o . II . co.
Even with the compact Tritec engin e,underhood packagin g wa s a maj orc hall enga. Superc harger syst em addseven more c lutie r - and heal.Fu r mus t uf R50 development, the Germans providedfinancial support and left programmanagement and engineering df'Cisions to the Bn tish, say t'lIgUlt-'t'I'S whowere on the program. when BJ\.IW finall y cu tits losses and dump ed Rover in 2000, it n'I.aiIll'd unly RGO.The pro gram had llln'ady been al.1i w fo r five years, and IlUUI,Ymore millions had been spf'nl f'lIgint-'t'ring anri l't"-t'ngint-'t'ring itto hO(1I' 1 value and qual ity, and to 10Wl.'f eostSi,l.(n ilk ant n)!o;l had hl. '11 pulh-dout of tJH' pnlAAUIl inonh-rfor Mlnl to ml. 't il'l retail nlNl hu·W'toS. J\.I olit o fU ll.'Iuml work hadbeen done by th e Bnush team at (WWf 'SGayden, U.K., engineering center; with input from 11 few sl'!l'(1. inh'r1opt'I'S (, ;1'1' "M u lI m : ;Mll rri e," ]I. 2;)).With the Rover albatruss gone, B l W switched its IIllUlagement style an d became much more hands-on on Mini, GermanlU1.'t.'nts wen- heard fre quently in Gayt lo n 's I'ngil\PI.'rinjol ciw ll-s."There W1L, not a lot of German sJlu kt'lI 011 prognuu manag ement until UH' t 'IH I, lIol l 'S olU' llf'() t'IlIoPIH 'f.TI1l' B M W·J{owf tlt 'I ld, ' lolaVI' Ihr- IIal i ' lIlali.'ll il' Bntish a' llIlIlU IU V. ' pn "S.'lI'II 'nty l lf f ll, '1 h ' 1II Il IW on tlu- .ld ' '1 v,' r"" 'l l l l ',JPlril 'S" Iin-, whk-h th e' TIll ,tlla h'Lo.; sl o k l 1 slm',' ( 'IIIIn 'hill's r-ru. [11truth, IJll'n' was C'( 'I o.;ll h ' mh lo' I,!a'l 1111 11I ,lh Sllt,'S IIUlinlot 1 1 "1 1 ,"They hllit (0( 1I1I.1ll1 o f Ilu- I trll l l l\ld "' , says fUI " X' 'HUV" fll uuII Gerrnan supplier aholl l tJll' ll rils ,"TIu' Gt'nHlUL'I Ihrnw lIlts (If Im 'l ll'y ld a I m l ;U ll , l 'l l!tillt'l 'r ith I lit, very r'otuplex, tl u-n ' lIll,'r " VI'I)·tllll ly In n hll.'l' n l! t lit the11th hour," n 'lorts lUI ('X-HOV"f lIllUI.By bue 2(XX1, , 'nWI H ' N lUll lll l:Ul:lJo.:l '!'S fllllll both ('o lll lll Ulil'Shad OVI'f(O(JIl U' mclNl c,f Uu'if trir uon tn ('n 'atl' a filu' pr oduc-t,ClINl wa'l ('lllnilij,1 t)lll of it, Iml Itrlll WIL'l still nlllllilljol way Ilt'hil ldSl'!wd ull' . SUllllli" I'SIIt'rlut llli fl,lt tl u- Wl'l dl'St pn-ssnn-, Wt' !l.:I.d 1.0 b,' n 'SllIJl Lo.;ivt' to IlUUlY, 1I\,ulY late " lIgilu'I'r1lllotl.'h aJij,1t.'S - OVt'f 2,(X)() ofUlt' lII - lh a t ClUlU' afu'r J{O\!I 'r G n lllpwas lliit up," rL'c ail.'l David Fosu'r, engillt'l'ring nmnag('f al !ntil'rAutomotive's Redditch plant whi ch su pplif'S tllf' Mini's cockpitmodulf' wld othf'r parts (.'Iff sidpoor p. 22),Foster says certain parts wen' completf'ly ff'-SIJliJU'll. \\1tJIthe clock ticking and Pf{'Sl;lU"e building from Mwlich to n-achJob One, bltif'r had to skip prut ol.ypt.'SlUld go tlin.'t.-1ly into hardtooling fOf somf' production parts , Standard fo ur-wt'f' k tlU1\-Munro's Magic U ring1996-97, distinctlyAmeric anvoices wereheardat the Rover Groupengineering centerat Gaydon,U.K, The Midwesternaccentsbelonged to experts fromMunro &assoc. (W'tM'.munroassoc.coml, a Troy,Mich.,based global consulting firm hired byRoverto inject lean principals and cost discipline intothe R50 program.Mini was way overbudgetandrunning late - atypical scenariofor callingSandy Munro, the straight-shooting Design for AssemblylDesignfor Manufacturabilityguru.HThey (Rover) were tryingto attack piece cost, recalls Munro."Piece cost is not a driver, Our stufffocuses onwhat's ahead."Munro's "s nnt" is his l ean Design Workshop process, For theMini programthere were 54workshops,each a week long, Workingdirectly with R50 designers, engineers and suppliers, Munro'steamaimed at ensuring the lowestpart count, minimizing the number otproduction operations and driving technical innovation through theprogram. And they employed a '·OualrtyRepon Card" processthatdetermines me cost of quality at the designslaga,"Wfl bring evervone in flHch HrflH toqethar And thrashthrough theproblem to work it out," explains workshop leader Mike Oakes. "OnMini, we focused on dulivoring on cost andtiming while moUling allluncucnnt spOCS, Surnuumua we loumt altolllllt l:! dt:lsign solutions tomeet the raqunement s."Munro·s iuvclvement was onlypart 01R50's cosVquality equation.Oakes calculates the workshops improved the program's IRR Internal rete of ratuml by fivtl percent Bever tlnllllltlaring boss NickStephenson praisedthe inpllt as "mvaluabla" for gutting Mini intoproductionwith highand quality,- LBHvercemUIl/u L'l we-n - , lOll" in two Wl 'k.o.; or II.""nlllirljol "l lll' 1n ullts threw tJli.o.; JlIlIW'Jun into overtlrive;" IH'say s, Abo, w,. went from d"luing wiUI a l'll ;Wll ll'r who wasI(K',dl 1 1 5 minutl."s dowll tJIt.' mad (HOvt'f) to o m' who's inMunich. \\'f' II UUl: Igt. O thi. ; prognUlI \\ithout sleep, Achieving A Profitable BalanceTIl l." pmdul'tioll Mini 's impff'SSive blt.'nd of high content andval ue was unly adtit'vt'l1 aJk'r m udl \\Tdfl/olling U\'l'f what the carshould be wull'ffieath il'l dasskally mlKlem skin .In the early going before the deal \\ith Chryslpr boss BobThe Germans accuse the Brits of losing control of the RSO budget.The Brits accuse the Gennans of engineering in complexity,then ordering 11th-hour cost reductions. 1" D nlln . CDmAutomotivllindustries ' April 2002' 23
. ----- -- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2002 MIN ILow-Cost Engine Co-Designed by Chryslerou'd beforgiven forthinking the Mini's 1.6L sobc engine looks likeitwas yanked out of a Dodge Neon. That's because It was codesigned anddevelopedby BMW AGand the forme r ChryslerCorp. The projectbegan in 1995 asthe outgrowth of joint benchmarking exercises between the two eetomekers. Boltl companies neededlow cost, more frugal engines for futuremodels - Chrysler wasexpanding Neon salesinto Latin America and Europe, andBMW hadYjustacquired Rover's Mini program.Thus was bornthe "Pentagon" engineprojectto co-develop a 16valve unitin both 1.6Land cesnokec 1.4Lversions. Theengine is produced at a 500 million plantin Campo Largo,Brazil, aspartof a 5G-SOjointventure called Tritec Motors LtdA. The dealwas inked betweenChrysler andBMW at the 1996 Paris autoshow,Thethen-new 2.0l Neonengine was oneoftheindustry's lowestcostpowerplants, and it strongly influenced the Mini engine's basicarchitecture, low costlow friction, highdurability andexcellentpackageefficiency were me main dllsignbogeys. The MIni'S My enginecompartment and me car'sfrontal crashrequirements dictated ultracompact dimensions - just 17x 22 x 26 inches tullydressed. The smallsize was made possible bymany/actors, Bore/stroke uenensons arenmm x 85.8mm The camshaft is chain driven andtho Gorotor.tvpe oilpump is inteqrated intothelront tlO1Ing cover The nnnre frontIICCI!SSOry dnvlli s attached dllll Ctlyto the cylinder block. Mass is secnuced forcost WIth a IIruylion blocklind cast-non cruukshliH.TIll! small,closuly-SPllcud cylilldur berus ruquilud buhlpAckaging ot ttw vnwulfain,IndlVldulIl lnlllkll ondexhaust rocker shafts ere etlllllpnd into placeusingthe cemshee caps.The valves arespillyed 111842·deqree included angle andthellxhaust headsmeasure only 23.2111111 - a keyto reducingknock sensitivity and speedingcatalyst lightoff. Portgeometry andairflOlN data camefromChrysle(s 2.OL North American TouringCar rece engine.Thefruitsofthat work,combined with ahigh10.6:1 compression ratioonthe non-supercharged version, give theMini engine superbcombustion stability and brake-specific fuel consurrpnon. Accordingto a 2001SAEpaperbyChrysler's original2.0LAlejandro Regueiro, the 115-hp engineNeon angine strongly(163hp with Roots-type Eaton blowell meets infl uenced BMW sLEV emissionswithout EGR andwith onlyengine designers for theone I ,23L catalyst The UlfV package does Mini motor.not require a close-coupled catalystProduction beganin 1999 and bothBMW andOaimlerChryslerremain committed to the Tritec venture. But BMW executives indicatethat future Mini engines maycome fromthe company's new engineplantat Hams Hall, England.2 4 ' A uto motive In du st ri es · Aoril 2002-LBEaton to es t ablish the Tntec joint ve nture, BMW and Rover hadboth pit ched their o wn ellgi llt-' proposals for \tilli. Some included Scy lind er uni ts conceived by B\f\\ s motorcycle gro up.NWI\l'lUlL ; body urchnccunes and manufacrurtng processeswere brought forw ard. One was an aluminum spaceframe.Another used a steel subfrarne with p lasti c fe nders and alu m inum decklid , tailgate and doors. Sti Uanother was based onBMW"s l
BMW". new British-Bavarianbrand launches a new concept - the premium small car. AutomOlive Industries ' April 2002 ' 2 1. 2 0 0 2 MINI Cranking Out The Cockpit At Intier Withnearly 10biIionbuidvariants,the newMlri presents
Nov 11, 2010 · User Story 1 User Story 2 User Story 4 User Story 5 User Story 5 (Cont.) User Story 3 User Story 6 User Story 7 rint 1 User Story 8 2 User Story 1 User Story 2 User Story 4 . Process Template Light on security artifacts/documentati on. OWASP Making SDL-Agile Manageable Toolin
3.1 General Outlook of the Automotive Industry in the World 7 3.2 Overview of the Automotive Industry in Turkey 10 3.3 Overview of the Automotive Industry in TR42 Region 12 4 Effects of COVID-19 Outbreak on the Automotive Industry 15 5 Trends Specific to the Automotive Industry 20 5.1 Special Trends in the Automotive Industry in the World 20
Automotive Pathway Automotive Services Fundamentals Course Number: IT11 Prerequisite: None Aligned Industry Credential: S/P2- Safety and Pollution Prevention and SP2- Mechanical and Pollution Prevention Description: This course introduces automotive safety, basic automotive terminology, system & component identification, knowledge and int
Hernando High School FL Automotive . Central Nine Career Center IN Automotive Elkhart Area Career Center IN Automotive . Kokomo Area Career Center IN Automotive North Lawrence Vo-Tech IN MLR Porter County Career Center IN Automotive Richmond High School IN Automotive Southeastern Career
Automotive Basics - Course Description "Automotive Basics includes knowledge of the basic automotive systems and the theory and principles of the components that make up each system and how to service these systems. Automotive Basics includes applicable safety and environmental rules and regulations. In Automotive Basics, students will gain
This Merchant list is subject to change from time to time. Merchant(s) who are terminated from the Instalment program after the published date might still be reflected in this list. HSBC Cardholder(s) are advised to confirm the availability of HSBC Card Instalment Plan with the merchant. Automotive Automotive Automotive
Table 12: Acquisitions of U.S. Automotive Parts Companies (SIC 3714) Table 13: Automotive Parts Exports, 2000-2010 Table 14: Automotive Parts Imports, 2000-2010 . Automotive parts consumption is linked to the demand for new vehicles, since roughly 70 percent of U.S. automotive parts production is for Original Equipment (OE) products. .
Executive summary The Automotive Retail, Service and Repair (AUR) and Automotive Manufacturing (AUM) Training Packages are critical elements in the Vocational Education and Training (VET) system, playing central roles in the training of learners that engage in the automotive industries. A productive and valuable Automotive Training
