COURSE-STRUCTURE 10-Semester BSc-MSc Degree

2y ago
73 Views
2 Downloads
985.61 KB
51 Pages
Last View : 6d ago
Last Download : 3m ago
Upload by : Sutton Moon
Transcription

COURSE-STRUCTURE10-Semester BSc-MSc DegreeBSc Geology (Honours)1000 marks-(96-credit Major) (1 to 6 Semester)B. Sc. First SemesterYear 1, Semester 1 (100 Marks Th 50 Pr 50)Theory (50) Major - 1MarksPaperGroupMajor –Theory 1(GEOL 0101)ABCreditPointName & Description(InternalAssessment*)Introduction to Earth Systems Science30 (20 10*)2Crystallography and Crystal chemistry20 (15 5*)2504TOTALPractical (50) Major – P1PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarksIntroduction to minerals, rocks, toposheetsand attitudes of strata (Toposheet studyHand specimen study of Rocks and MineralsCrystallographyElementary problems of structural geology)Major – Pract. 1(GEOL 0191)TOTALCreditPoint50506Field Work-1 (for about two weeks duration compulsory) (introduction to rock types andelements of geological mapping)B. Sc. Second SemesterYear 1, Semester 2 (100 Marks Th 50 Pr 50)Theory (50) Major – 2PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarks(InternalAssessment*)Major –Theory 2(GEOL 0201)MineralogyCreditPoint50 (35 15*)TOTAL504

Practical (50) Major – P2PaperGroupMajor – Pract. 2(GEOL 0291)ABName & DescriptionMarksOptical Mineralogy35Field Report15TOTALCreditPoint506B. Sc. Third SemesterYear 2, Semester 3 (150 Marks Th 100 Pr 50)Theory (100) Major – 3 & 4PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarks(InternalAssessment*)Major –Theory 3(GEOL 0301)Major –Theory 4(GEOL 0302)CreditPointsSedimentology50 (35 15*)4Structural Geology50 (35 15*)41008TOTALPractical (50) Major – P3PaperGroupName & DescriptionMajor –Pract.3(GEOL 0391)ASedimentologyStructural Geology 1 (Graphical &Stereographic Problems)BMarksCreditPoints3515TOTAL506Field Work 2 (of about three weeks duration compulsory) (geological mapping)B. Sc. Fourth SemesterYear 2, Semester 4 (150 Marks Th 100 Pr 50)Theory (100) Major – 5 & 6PaperGroup Name & DescriptionMarks(InternalAssessment*)Major –Theory 5(GEOL 0401)Major –Theory 6(GEOL 0402)Igneous Petrology50 (35 15*)50 (35 15*)Metamorphic PetrologyTOTAL2100CreditPoints448

Practical (50) Major – P4PaperGroupName & DescriptionMajor –Pract. 4(GEOL 0491)AMetamorphic petrologyBMarksCreditPoints35Field Report15TOTAL506B. Sc. Fifth SemesterYear 3, Semester 5 (250 Marks Th 150 Pr 100)Theory (150) Major – 7, 8 & 9PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarks(InternalAssessment*)Major –Theory 7(GEOL 0501)Major –Theory 8(GEOL 0502)Major –Theory 9(GEOL 0503)Palaeontology IGeodynamicsEconomic GeologyTOTALCreditPoints50 (35 15*)450 (35 15*)450 (35 15*)415012Practical (100) Major – P5 & P6PaperMajor –Pract. 5(GEOL 0591)Major –Pract. 6(GEOL 0592)GroupName & DescriptionMarksCreditPointsIgneous petrology506Interpretation of Geological Maps50610012TOTALField Work 3: (for about two weeks compulsory) (mines visit and stratigraphic studies)B. Sc. Sixth SemesterYear 3, Semester 6 (250Marks Th 150 Pr 100)3

Theory (150) Major – 10, 11 & 12PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarks(InternalAssessment*)Major –Theory 10(GEOL 0601)Major –Theory 11(GEOL 0602)Major –Theory 12(GEOL 0603)CreditPointsPrecambrian stratigraphy of India50 (35 15*)4Phanerozoic stratigraphy of India50 (35 15*)4APaleontology II30 (25 10*)BGeohydrology-Engineering GeologyGeohazards20 (15 5*)TOTAL415012Practical (100) Major – P7 & P8PaperGroupName & DescriptionMajor –Pract. 7(GEOL 0691)AMajor –Pract. 8(GEOL 0692)MarksCreditPointsPalaeontology506AOre Geology35BField report156TOTAL10012GenEDs : (50 marks/4-credit each)Department may offer interdisciplinary GenEDs for students of all disciplines: someexamples:1.2.3.4.Earth, Atmosphere and Life: Early DaysEarth: The Living PlanetMass extinction/Apocalypse in Earth’s historyMan and Environment The evaluation for any practical paper in Major and GenED may be based oncontinuous assessment method.4

COURSE-STRUCTUREApplied GeologyM. Sc.80 Credit course (20-credit /semester) (1 to 4 Semester)PG Semester I (Theory 150 Practical 100 250)TheoryPaperGroupSubjectMarks (InternalCreditAssessment*)GEOL0701: IGEOL0702: IIABGEOL0703:IIIPracticalPaperGEOL0791: PRIGEOL0792: PRIIGroupGeochemistryCoal and Nuclear fuelsEngineering Geology50 (35 15*)20 (15 5*)30 (25 10*)422Petroleum Geology50 (35 15*)4SubjectHydrogeology IMarks50Credit4Hydrogeology II504Marks (InternalCreditField Work of two (02) weeks duration (Compulsory)PG Semester II (Theory 150 Practical 100 250)TheoryPaperGroupSubjectAssessment*)GEOL0801: VGEOL0802:VIGEOL0803:VIIGeophysicsRemote sensing and GIS50 (35 15*)50 (35 15*)44Mineral Exploration, Mining andorebody modeling50 (35 15*)4PracticalPaperGroup SubjectMarksGEOL0891: PRRemote sensing and GIS50IIGEOL0892:Ore Reserve Estimation and50PRIIIModellingIndustrial Training/Summer Project of two/three (02/03) weeks duration5Credit44

PG Semester III (Theory150 Practical 100 250)TheoryPaperGroupSubjectMarks XGEOL0903: XPracticalPaperGroupGEOL0991: PRIVGEOL0992: PR- AVBCompulsory Module I & II50 (35 15*)4Elective Module I & II50 (35 15*)4Assignments related to Dissertation50 (35 15*)4SubjectField work and Viva VoceMarks50Credit4Open SeminarIndustrial training/SummerProject252522Marks (InternalCredit*PG Semester X (Theory 150 Practical 100 91: PRVIGEOL1092: PRVIIResearch methodologies Analytical Techniques, ‘Scientificwriting’ skillResearch methodologies Geomathematics and computationalmethods IGeomathematics and computationalmethods II50 (35 15*)450 (35 15*)450 (35 15*)4SubjectEvaluation of DissertationMarks50Credit4Seminar-Viva-voce onDissertation504 The evaluation for any practical paper may be based on continuous assessment method. The assessment for any theory or practical paper of last two Semesters may be based on either end-semester examination or sessionalassessment or term paper based assessment or seminar based assessment or continuous evaluation or any combination thereof. *The x- semester course may fulfill the 20-credit mandatory course requirement for PhD degree subject to the approval of theUniversity. This will facilitate our master’s students to minimize time taken for PhD and for those of our Master’s degree holders inemployment who would like to pursue PhD degree and otherwise will not be able to manage continuous leave for 6 months toundertake the mandatory course.6

Syllabus forUndergraduate GenEd Coursein GeologyDepartment of Geology,Presidency University, KolkataTo be introduced from 2013-14 academic session7

Syllabus forUndergraduate GenEd Coursein GeologyPaper Code: GenEd-GEOL-01The Earth, Atmosphere and Life: Early DaysFull Marks 50: 4 CreditMarks: 351. Elementary information on the Universe and the Solar System, members of the Solar System.Origin of the Solar System, Nebular Hypothesis, formation of planets. Origin of the Moon.Major types of Meteorites.2. Differentiation of Earth’s core, mantle and crust.3. Earth’s materials, minerals and rocks. Broad groups of minerals and rocks.4. Earth’s oldest rocks. Nature of early crust.5. Early atmosphere and Rise of atmospheric oxygen.6. Origin of life: Brief idea on the origin of life. Biomarkers, Early life: fossil record of earlyprotoctists, evolution of metazoans, Ediacaran fauna; Cambrian explosion.Practical/Projects/Internal Assignment:Marks: 15Earth’s materials: study of minerals and rocks in Laboratory or in field, or Projects related toEarth’s materialsSuggested books on Introduction to Earth Systems ScienceText1.2.3.4.5.6.7.Press, F., Siever, R., Grotzinger, J. and Jordan, T.H., 2004, Understanding Earth, 4 th Edn., W.H. Freeman, 567 p.Tarbuck, E.J. and Lutgens, F.K., 2006, Earth Science, 11 th Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 726 p.Roy, A. B., 2010, Fundamentals of Geology, Narosa Publishing House, p. 316.Bose, M.K., 1997, Igneous Petrology, World Press, Kolkata, 568 p.Park, R. J., 2004, Foundations of Structural Geology, Routledge, 3rd Edition, p. 202.Skinner, B.J., Porter, S.C. and Park, J., 2003, The Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology [With CDROM], JohnWiley & Sons, 631 p.Mukherjee, P. K., Text book of Geology, The world press Pvt. Limited.Paper Code:Earth: The Living Planet: GenEd-GEOL-02Full Marks 50Marks: 351. Internal Constitution of the Earth: Evidences from Seismic studies2. Earthquakes, intensity and magnitude, elastic rebound theory, focus and epicenter,seismograms. Global earthquake belts. Seismic zones of India.3. Gravity and gravity anomaly on Earth, Bouguer and free-air anomaly. Concept ofisostasy and compensation, hypotheses of Airy, and Pratt.4. Volcanoes and volcanism, eruptive styles.8

5. Earth’s surface processes. Weathering, erosion, mass wasting and sedimentation; bed rock,regolith, soil, soil profile. Erosion, transportation and deposition.6. Rock deformation and deformation structures7. Plate tectonics: Definition of plates; Plate motion – absolute and relative; drivingforces and evidences. Plate boundaries and orogeny.Practical/Projects/Internal Assignment:Marks: 15Study of rock deformations in laboratory/in field, or Projects related to rock deformationSuggested books :1.2.Press, F., Siever, R., Grotzinger, J. and Jordan, T.H., 2004, Understanding Earth, 4 th Edn., W.H. Freeman, 567 p.Tarbuck, E.J. and Lutgens, F.K., 2006, Earth Science, 11th Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 726 p.Paper Code: GenEd-GEOL-03Mass extinction/Apocalypse in Earth’s historyFull marks: 50: 4 CreditMarks 351. Life in the Precambrian – prokaryotes, eukaryotes, metazoans;2. Cambrian explosion, the evolutionary Big Bang.3. Mass-extinction – definition, history of study; big extinction events – end-Ordovician, LateDevonian, end-Permian, end-Triassic, end-Cretaceous; evidences and causes;4. Tempo of evolution – mass-extinction and adaptive radiation as sources of change;5. Sixth big mass-extinction of the Recent – man vs. nature.Practical/Projects/Internal Assignment:Marks: 15Study of fossils in laboratory/in field, or Projects related to life in rock recordSuggested books :1.2.3.4.5.Ray, A.K.: Fossils in Earth Sciences.Clarkson, E.N.K.: Invertebrate Palaeontology and EvolutionDoyle, P.: Understanding Fossils.Foote, M. and Miller, A.I.: Principles of PaleontologyLieberman, B.S. and Kaesler, R.: Prehistoric Life.Paper Code: GenEd-GEOL-03Man and EnvironmentFull marks: 50: 4 CreditMarks 351. Concept of risk, hazards, disaster and catastrophe.2. Natural hazards and Environmental impacts: earthquake, volcanism, landslides, floods,Erosions, droughts, dams and reservoirs.9

3. Preliminary concepts of pollution: air, water, soil and noise pollution, Biochemical Cycle,eutrophication, greenhouse effect and climate change, acid rain, pesticidecontamination; the chemical parameters affecting water, air, soil, sediment qualities4.5.6.7.8.9.Climate change and global warming; sea level rise.Ore deposits, Mining and environment; concepts of sustainability.Solid and nuclear waste disposal.Carbon cycle and carbon sequestrationThe effect of anthropogenic activities on the environment.Global Environmental concerns; Environmental Treaties and Accords.Practical/Projects/Internal Assignment:Marks: 15Projects on Application of GIS in environmental monitoring/EIA/Natural HazardManagement/Environmental Policies/Climate Change/any related issues.Suggested books:1. Edward Kellar, Environmental Geology, 9th Edition2. D Foley, G McKenzie, R Utgard, Investigations in Environmental Geology, 3 rd Edition3. T Hudson, Living with Earth: An introduction to Environmental Geology4. Singh, Parbin, Engineering and General Geology, S. K. Kataria and Sons, Delhi - 110 0065. Waltham, T, Foundations of Engineering Geology, 3 rd Edition6. Alverson K.D., Bradley R.S., Pedersen T.F. [Eds.] 2003. Paleoclimate, global change and the future. Springer, Berlin.7. Selinus O. 2005. Essentials of medical geology: Impacts of the natural environment on public health. Academic Press.8. Manahan S. E. 2009. Environmental Chemistry, 9th ed. CRC Press10

Syllabus forUndergraduate Coursein GeologyCOURSE-STRUCTUREGeology (Honours)B. Sc. First SemesterYear 1, Semester 1 (100 Marks Th 50 Pr 50)Theory (50) Major - 1PaperMajor - 1GroupABIntroduction to Earth Systems Science30CreditPoint2Crystallography and Crystal chemistry202504MarksCreditPointName & DescriptionMarksTOTALPractical (50) Major – P1PaperMajor –P1GroupName & DescriptionAIntroduction to minerals, rocks, toposheetsand attitudes of strata (Toposheet studyHand specimen study of Rocks and MineralsCrystallographyElementary problems of structural geology)BInternal Assignment3515TOTAL504Field Work-1 (for about two weeks duration compulsory) (introduction to rock types andelements of geological mapping)11

B. Sc. Second SemesterYear 1, Semester 2 (100 Marks Th 50 Pr 50)Theory (50) Major – 2PaperGroupMajor – 2Name & e & DescriptionMarksCreditPointOptical Mineralogy25BField Report10CInternal Assignment1550Practical (50) Major – P2PaperMajor –P2GroupATOTAL124

B. Sc. Third SemesterYear 2, Semester 3 (150 Marks Th 100 Pr 50)Theory (100) Major – 3 & 4PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarksCreditPointsMajor – 3Sedimentology504Major – 4Structural Geology5041008MarksCreditPointsTOTALPractical (50) Major – P3PaperMajor –P3GroupName & DescriptionASedimentologyStructural Geology 1 (Graphical &Stereographic Problems)20Internal Assignment15BC15TOTAL50Field Work 2 (of about three weeks duration compulsory) (geological mapping)134

B. Sc. Fourth SemesterYear 2, Semester 4 (150 Marks Th 100 Pr 50)Theory (100) Major – 5 & 6PaperGroupName & DescriptionIgneous PetrologyMajor - 5Major - 6MarksCreditPoints50450Metamorphic PetrologyTOTAL41008MarksCreditPointsPractical (50) Major – P4PaperMajor –P4GroupName & DescriptionAMetamorphic petrologyField Report25Internal Assignment15BC10TOTAL14504

B. Sc. Fifth SemesterYear 3, Semester 5 (250 Marks Th 150 Pr 100)Theory (150) Major – 7, 8 & 9PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarksCreditPointsMajor – 7Palaeontology I504Major – 8Geodynamics504Major – 9Economic Geology50415012MarksCreditPointsTOTALPractical (100) Major – P5 & P6PaperMajor – P5Major – P6GroupName & DescriptionAIgneous petrology35BInternal Assignment15AInterpretation of Geological Maps35BInternal Assignment1544TOTAL100Field Work 3: (for about two weeks compulsory) (mines visit and stratigraphic studies)158

B. Sc. Sixth SemesterYear 3, Semester 6 (250Marks Th 150 Pr 100)Theory (150) Major – 10, 11 & 12PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarksCreditPointsMajor - 10Precambrian stratigraphy of India504Major - 11Phanerozoic stratigraphy of India504APaleontology II25BGeohydrology-Engineering GeologyGeohazards25Major - 12TOTAL415012CreditPointsPractical (100) Major – P7 & P8PaperGroupName & DescriptionMarksMajor –P7ABPalaeontologyInternal Assignment3515AOre Geology25BField report10CInternal Assignment15Major –P8TOTAL16100448

DETAILED SYLLABUSB. Sc. First SemesterTheoryMajor – 1Full marks 50Group A: Introduction to Earth Systems Science;Marks – 30;Lectures – 361. Elementary information on the Universe and the Solar System, members of the Solar System.Origin of the Solar System, Nebular Hypothesis, formation of planets. Origin of the Moon. Majortypes of Meteorites. Differentiation of Earth’s core, mantle and crust, formation of Earth’s oceansand atmosphere. Earth’s oldest rocks. Nature of early crust, early atmosphere and Rise ofatmospheric oxygen. Origin of life; History of development of geological thoughts, Neptunism,Plutonism, Uniformitarianism, Law of Superposition, Law of Faunal succession. Contribution ofWerner, Hutton, Smith and Lyell.2. Earth’s materials: minerals and rocks. Broad groups of minerals. Rocks as mineral assemblages,fabric, texture. Igneous rocks - general classification, texture, common rock types. Sedimentaryrocks – general classification, texture, common rock types, and primary sedimentary structures.Metamorphic rocks: general classification, texture, common rock types.3. Internal Constitution of the Earth, Crustal movements and deformation structures4. Concept of Stratigraphy. Principles of determination of relative and absolute ages of rock bodiesand geologic events. Concept of unconformity. Geologic Time Table up to the level of Era andPeriod.5. Earth’s surface processes. Weathering, erosion, mass wasting and sedimentation; bed rock,regolith, soil, soil profile. Erosion, transportation and deposition by wind, river, glacier,groundwater and ocean. Common landforms related to action of wind, river, glacier; coastallandform; drainage pattern. Ice ages, evidence and causes. Oceanic and atmospheric circulationpatterns.6. Earth Systems Science: Definitions and Scope. Branches of Geology. Role of geologists insustainable development.Suggested booksText8. Press, F., Siever, R., Grotzinger, J. and Jordan, T.H., 2004, Understanding Earth, 4th Edn.,W.H. Freeman, 567 p. [A later 5th Edn., will also be useful]9. Tarbuck, E.J. and Lutgens, F.K., 2006, Earth Science, 11th Edn., Pearson Prentice Hall, NewJersey, 726 p. [Earlier editions e.g. 10th or 9th, or even earlier, will also be useful].Reference10. Skinner, B.J., Porter, S.C. and Park, J., 2003, The Dynamic Earth: An Introduction to PhysicalGeology [With CDROM], John Wiley & Sons, 631 p. [Earlier editions will also be helpful]11. Skinner, B.J., 2010, The Blue Planet: An Introduction to Earth System Science, John Wiley &Sons, 592 p.17

Group B: Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry ;Marks – 20;Lectures – 281. Essential characteristics of crystalline and non-crystalline states of matter. Definition ofcrystal. Morphological elements of a crystal.2. Interfacial angle, law of constancy of interfacial angles, crystallographic axes, notation ofcrystal faces, edges and corners, Miller indices, law of rational indices, zone, concept oftautozonality.3. Principles of stereographic projection.4. Crystal symmetry: Definition, elements of symmetry, Hermann-Mauguin notation, crystalforms – classification and nomenclature.5. Classification of crystal into 7 systems and 32 classes; their Hermann-Mauguin notation andrepresentation of symmetry elements; symmetry, forms and representative minerals of sevennormal classes.6. Crystal habit, types of crystal aggregates, twinning in crystals.7. Space lattice, unit cell, lattice symmetry.8. Diffraction of X-ray by crystal lattice, Bragg’s law.9. Crystal chemistry: chemical bonds of different types, crystal types, Coordination Principles,Pauling's Rules, Polymorphism types and examples, solid solution and exsolution.Suggested booksText1. Klein, C., 2002, The Manual of Mineral Science, 22nd Edn., John Wile & Sons, 641 p. [Earliereditions of this book with Hurlbut and Klein as authors will be also useful]Reference2. Nesse, W.D., 2000, Introduction to Mineralogy, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 442 p.3. Atkins, P.W. 1983, Physical Chemistry, Second ELBS Edition, Oxford University Press,Oxford, 1095 p.Practical PaperMajor – P1Full Marks: 50Group A: Introduction to minerals, rocks, toposheets and attitudes of strata(Toposheet study Hand specimen study of Rocks and Minerals, Crystallography,Elementary problems of structural geology)Marks 351. Study of different contour patterns; Reading and interpretation of topographic maps andpreparation of topographic cross sections.2. Graphical solution of true dip – apparent dip problems, three-point problems.3. Systematic study of the minerals in hand specimens listed below on the following points:Form and structure, colour, transparency, lustre, streak, cleavage, parting, fractures, hardness,specific gravity, magnetism, and treatment with dilute HCl. Haematite, magnetite, goethite,ilmenite, chromite, pyrolusite, psilomelane, bauxite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, stibnite, sphalerite,18

galena, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, magnesite, siderite, malachite, fluorite, gypsum, barite,wolframite, apatite, graphite, quartz, feldspar, muscovite, biotite, pyroxene, amphibole, beryl,tourmaline, garnet, serpentine (in

COURSE-STRUCTURE 10-Semester BSc-MSc Degree BSc Geology (Honours) 1000 marks-(96-credit Major) (1 to 6 Semester) B. Sc. First Semester Year 1, Semester 1 (100 Marks Th 50 Pr 50)

Related Documents:

Microbiology Laboratory – BSC 242/312 Freshwater Studies – BSC 320 Plant Biology – BSC 360 Invertebrate Zoology – BSC 376 Molecular Biology – BSC 439/539 Integrated Genomics – BSC 442/542 General Entomology – BSC 475/575 Aquatic Insects – BSC 476/576 Stream Ecology – BSC 490/590 Appendi

Studiegids BSc Bedrijfskunde BSc Economie & Bedrijfseconomie BSc Econometrie en Operationele Research BSc International Business Administration . 18] Zie ook vakbeschrijvingen: Home Studiegids Studiegids BSc Economie & Bedrijfseconomie Programma tweede jaar Studiegids BSc Bedrijfskunde BSc Economie & Bedrijfseconomie

BSC 1010C* 4 General Biology I with Lab GENC SC 1.0 BSC 1011/L* 3/1 General Biology II / Lab GENA/GENL 1.0 BSC 1020C* 3 Human Systems GENC 1.0 BSC 1085C 4 Anatomy and Physiology I GENC SC 1.0 BSC 1086C 4 Anatomy and Physiology II BSC 1085C GEN

University Course Code(s) N/A at the moment QAA . will allow progression into BSc (Hons) accredited degree programmes listed below. BSc (Hons) – Architectural Technology BSc (Hons) – Building Surveying BSc (Hons) – Construction Management BSc (Hons) – Quantity Surveying . Module Code Module title Core/ Option/ Elective (C/O/E) .

In the first semester of the 3rd year all TU Delft BSc students choose a Minor. BSc students who come to TU Delft in the Autumn semester during their BSc phase or third year of their studies can choose a minor package. The advantage is that they will not encounter scheduling problems and w

Stage(s) of Study Articulation Programmes Pathway Degree awards FHEQ Award Level Built Environment BSc (Hons) Architectural Technology 6 BSc (Hons) Building Surveying 6 BEng (Hons) Civil Engineering 6 BSc (Hons) Construction Management 6 BSc (Hons) Quantity Surveying 6 BSc (Hons) Real Estate 6 Engineering MEng/BEng (Hons) Automotive Engineering 7

3.BSC(Botany,Genetics,Chemistry) 4. BSC(Bio Technology, Botany, Chemistry) 5. BSC(Botany, Chemistry,Food Science and Quality control) 6. BSC(Nutrition and dietetics, Zoology,Chemistry) 7. BSC(Bio Chemistry, Zoology,

Textbook of Algae , O. P. Sharma, Jan 1, 1986, Algae, 396 pages. Aimed to meet requirements of undergraduate students of botany. This book covers topics such as: evolution of sex and sexuality in algae; and, pigments in algae with their. An Introduction to Phycology , G. R. South, A. Whittick, Jul 8, 2009, Science, 352 pages. This text presents the subject using a systems approach and is .