Food Nutrition & Dietetics (834) - CBSE
Food Nutrition & Dietetics (834)(Class XI and XII) (2018-19)The discipline of nutrition empowers learners to develop an understanding of theconcept, principles of nutrition which will enable them to make the best possible choicesof food for meeting the nutritional needs of self, family and community at large. It is sodesigned to help learners understand the concept of food and nutrition security andcreate an awareness regarding major public health/nutrition problems affectingvulnerable sections of the society and strategies, programmes, policies enacted by theGovernment for combating these problems. Further the course will focus on study aboutthe concept, scope, need, importance and process of nutrition education. Yet anotherfocus of the discipline is to provide knowledge to learners for nutritional therapy andcounseling service for the purpose of disease management. Creating awarenesstowards food safety and quality control measures, laws and policies is another importantfocus.The syllabus will help learners develop knowledge and skills in this area. This wouldmake them competent to meet challenges of becoming a responsible citizen andeffective nutrition educator. The objectives of the course are to:Objectives:The syllabus of nutrition at Senior Secondary level develops an understanding inthe learners that the knowledge and skills acquired through the study of nutritionfacilitates development of good health and well being for self, family andcommunity. It endeavors to –1 Acquaint learners with the basics of food, nutrition, health, fitness. and food safetyand quality control, Sensitize learners to the common nutritional disorders effecting vulnerable groupsin our country and strategies to manage them, Impart knowledge of nutrition and lifestyles to enable prevention and managementof diseases. Develop skills of communication to assist in advocacy and dissemination ofknowledge to community. Enable learners to become alert and aware consumers, and Inculcate healthy food habits.
CLASS XI (2018 – 19)Food Nutrition & Dietetics (834)(Marks 60)Unit 1: Food and Nutrition: Basic ConceptsMarks 10 Food, Nutrition, Health, Fitness, Primary Health Care and Nutritional Status(Definition, Inter relationship in maintaining good health and well being)Food (Functions and Constituents of food –Nutrient and Food Groups : BasicconceptsNutrients: Functions, Sources, Digestion, Absorption, Utilization andRequirementsRecommended Dietary allowances and RDA for Indians (ICMR 2010) and theiruses in planning diets.Concepts of meal planning, factors affecting meal planning, and Balanced diet (concept and guidelines in planning balanced diets)Unit 2: Nutrition through the Life CycleMarks 15 2Nutrition during Infancy (0-1years) and Preschool years (1-6 years):Infancy, preschool period (critical from Growth, development view point,nutrient requirements- Infant and Young \Child Feeding practices, planningbalanced diet for infants, preschoolers and special considerations for feedingyoung children.Nutrition during Childhood and Adolescent: Growth, Development,Nutrient needs, meeting nutrient needs through planning balanced diets,packed lunches factors influencing food and nutrient needs duringadolescence (peer pressure,body image,media, stress,fasting)Nutrition during Adulthood and Old Age: Factors influencing nutrientrequirements(age, gender,activity level-sedentary, moderate, heavy) Nutrientneeds(RDA) and meeting requirement by planning balanced diets.Nutrition during pregnancy and lactation: Understanding why pregnancyand lactation are critical from nutritional point of view, recommended dietaryallowances and planning balanced diets.Special considerations in pregnancynausea,vomiting,heart burn,constipation)
Unit 3: Public Health and Nutrition: Basic ConceptMarks 10 Human Development Index (HDI), Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDG) :Basic :Concept/definition,causes(conceptual framework by UNICEF)), consequencesMethods for assessment of nutritional status (Direct methods –Anthropometry,Biochemical, Clinical, Dietary survey: Basic concept)Unit 4: Public Health and Nutrition DisordersMarks 15 Major Deficiency Disorders: (PEM in the context of underweight,stunting,wasting, SAM; Nutritional Anaemia with special reference to IronDeficiency Anaemia; Vitamin A Deficiency (Xeropthalmia); Iodine DeficiencyDisorders; Zinc deficiency: Prevalence, Causes, Consequences and its control.Other Nutritional Problems: Vitamin B complex deficiencies, vitamin C deficiency,Vitamin D ication(WHO),CausesandConsequences.Non Communicable Diseases (Diabetes, CVD, cancer): Concept, Prevalence,Causes (Behavioural) and ConsequencesUnit 5: Public Health and Nutrition: Programmes and PoliciesMarks 5 3National programe for welfare of women & Children :objectives,beneficiaries,functions/components) (ICDS, Midday meals)Programmes for welfare of Adolescent girls and Women (Rashtriya KishoreSwasthya Karyakram (RKSK),Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment ofAdolescent Girls (SABLA), Indira Gandhi Maitritva Sahyog Yogna (IGMSY)
Unit 6: Nutrition Education, Communication and Behaviour ChangeMarks 5 Information, Education and Communication (IEC) for Behaviour Change:Definition, Nutrition Education: Need, Scope and ImportanceProcess of nutrition education communicationNutrition Communication: Media and Multi-Media combinations: Types(Interpersonal communication: Individual and group approach; Mass Media,Traditional Media )CLASS XI (2018 –19)PRACTICAL(Marks 30)1.Identify and selection of rich sources of nutrients (Protein, Iron, Calcium, VitaminA, Fat, Vitamin C)2.Study of physical self with reference to assessment of nutritional status:a) Age, height, weight, MUAC and compare with Standard/Referencesb) Observation of clinical signs / symptoms specific to good health Wellbeingc) Record own diet for a day using 24 hour recalld) Evaluate qualitatively for adequacy using Food groups and how to improvethe samee) Record Food practices including food taboos, fasting and special foodpreparation for adolescent, pregnant/lactating women.f) Plan and design supplementary/complementary foods for infants heirnutrientcontribution.g) Preparation of different healthy snacks for an adolescent suitable in her/hiscontexth) Study self with reference to physical activity (24 hours).3.4Collect five nutrition/health/hygiene messages from print and electronic mediawhich have influenced one self.
4.Plan and prepare any one print/traditional/electronic media/approach you woulduse to disseminate nutrition/health/hygiene message to the community members.5.Visit to any one programme/ institution (Govt. /NGO) for children/maternalnutrition and health well being (ICDS, MDM primary health care.); observation ofactivities in the programme and report writing.5
CLASS XII (2018 – 19)Food Nutrition & Dietetics (834)(Marks 70)Unit 1: Clinical and Therapeutic NutritionMarks 15Therapeutic Nutrition: Introduction to clinical nutrition and therapeutic nutrition, Scope of Dietetics/Role of Dietitian in health care(clinical services, community nutrition/public health, wellness and disease prevention,food service, nutrition health education/communication, nutrition research)Normal Nutrition and Adaptation to Therapeutic Diets: Understand relationship between nutrition and infection (Synergism)Types of therapeutic modification of normal diet with respect to- consistency,frequency, foodstuffs, nutrients and methods of cooking (Moist-boiling, pressurecooking, steaming, blanching, poaching and Dry–roasting, toasting, bakingmethods.) .Unit 2: Diet in Health and Disease : causes , physiological conditions, clinicalsymptoms and dietary management of: Fever (typhoid, tuberculosis) Diarrhea Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia,binge eating) Overweight/obesityMarks 20Unit 3: Diet in Health and Disease : IIMarks 15Causes, physiological conditions, clinical symptoms, dietary management of 6HypertensionDiabetesJaundice/ HepatitisCeliac disease,Lactose Intolerance, peptic ulcer
Unit 4: Food Safety and Quality Control Marks 15Food Hazards( physical, chemical,biological) Food borne Diseases:Cholera,Typhoid, Salmonellosis) Concept, Causes and preventive measuresPersonal HygieneFood Hygiene and Sanitation and Environmental Sanitation and Safety (Watersupply, Waste Disposal) at home level.Food Adulteration: Concept/Definition as given by FSSAI, Common adulterantspresent in foods (cereals, pulses, milk and milk products, fats and oils, sugar,honey, spices and condiments), Ill effect of adulterants (metanil yellow,argemone, kesari dal)on human healthcommon methods for detectingadulteration at home)(FSSAI Act 2006)Reading and Understanding Food labels with reference to food productsHFSS Foods and their implications for child healthCLASS XII (2018 –19)PRACTICAL(Marks 30)1. List five problems faced by self as food consumer in context to food safety.Suggest solutions to overcome the same.2.a) Collect labels of any FIVE food products (oils, packaged food, processedfood, raw foods, savoury food.) Study and compare them with mandatorylabel requirements.7b) Prepare one food label highlighting the following information:Name & trade of the Food product and the List of IngredientFood labelling requirements for declaring Nutritional InformationDeclaration of Veg/Non vegetarianFood labelling requirements for declaring Food AdditivesFood labelling requirements – Date of Manufacture or Packing and BestBefore or Use By DateFood labelling requirements – Declaration of Net QuantityFood labelling requirements – Identification of Lot/Code/Batch numberFood labelling requirements – “Instructions for use”Specific Requirements and Manner of Labeling of Infant Milk Substitute andInfant FoodsFood labelling requirements for edible oils & fats, permitted food colors andirradiated food
3. Visit any one food joint (Dhaba/restaurant/school/business centre, etc.) andobserve its measure for safe drinking water and general conditions ofhygiene around it.4. Identify food adulteration using common quick tests at household level: usingvisual and chemical methods; (Milk, Oils and Fats, Sugar and Confectionery,Food grains, Spices and Condiments (Turmeric, Coriander, Black PepperSeeds etc.), Miscellaneous (artificial colour on green peas, malachite greenin green vegetables, white powder in iodized salt, coloured dried tendrils ofmaize cob in saffron, clay in coffee powder, exhausted tea in tea leaves etc):any five5. Plan a meal and modify for the physiological condition – Fever, Diarrhea,Constipation, Jaundice, Hypertension, Diabetes. Prepare a dish.6. Prepare ORS Solution.8
Unit 1Chapter 1: CLINICAL AND THERAPEUTIC NUTRITIONLearning Objectives:After reading this unit, the students will be able to:1. define the terms dietetics, clinical nutrition, therapeutic diet and explain theconcept of diet planning in disease,2. enumerate the scope of dietetics and the role of dietitian in health care,3. explain the relationship between nutrition and infection,4. discuss the adaptation of normal diet to therapeutic diets, and5. describe the types of therapeutic modifications with respect to consistency,frequency of meals, methods of cooking etc,.Welcome to the study of clinical and therapeutic nutrition. Earlier youwere introduced to public health nutrition which you learnt focuses onhealth promotion and disease prevention in the general population.Clinical nutrition, on the other hand, as a study focuses on thenutritional management of individuals or group of individuals withestablished disease condition. Clinical nutrition deals with issues suchas altered nutritional requirements associated with the disease, diseaseseverity and malnutrition and many such issues about which we willlearn in this unit and other units in this course. Nutrition is an integralpart of the medical therapy as adequate nutrition support can go a longway in improving quality of care and improving patient's medicaloutcome. The importance of nutrition in the prevention of illness anddisease has been long recognized. Do you recall your grandma'shomemade remedies for common illnesses such as fevers, cough/cold,stomach ache, and indigestion or heart burn? Yes, nutritional care interms of providing hot cups of soup or porridge ensured that you wereadequately and appropriately nourished which helped improvemedical outcome. There is certainly more to clinical nutrition thanthis. So let us get to know about clinical and therapeutic nutrition.DIETETICS AND ROLE OF DIETITIAN IN HEALTH CAREAs a student of nutrition it must be evident to you by now that the dietand the food we eat have a direct and significant impact on our health.1
Eating a healthy balanced diet improves the quality of our life,whereas a poor diet may lead to morbidity and disease. The branch ofmedicine concerned with how food and nutrition affects human healthcomprising the rules to be followed for preventing, relieving or curingdisease by diet is called Dietetics. Dietetics deals with feedingindividuals based on the principles of nutrition. In fact, dietetics is thescience and art of human nutritional care.Clinical Dietetics is the application of dietetics in a hospital or healthcare institutional setting. Clinical dietetics focuses on individualnutrition support and symptom management. You may come acrossthe terms diet therapy, therapeutic diets while studying about clinicaldietetics. Let us get to understand these terminologies used in thecontext of dietetics.Diet therapy is a branch of dietetics concerned with the use of foodfor therapeutic purpose. Diet therapy is a broad term used for thepractical application of nutrition as a preventive or correctivetreatment of a disease. It concerns with recovery from illness bygiving good diet and prevention of disease. It may involve themodification of the existing dietary lifestyle to promote optimumhealth. For example a dietitian or a nutrition counselor may prescribea diet therapy to an obese person to improve health. The therapy mayinvolve including foods that improve the health condition whileavoiding foods (such as fats, sugars etc.) that may make the conditionworse. Basically the therapy promotes a balanced selection of foodsvital for good health. The principles of diet therapy are to: maintain good nutritional status, correct deficiencies or disease, if any, provide rest to the body, help metabolize the nutrients, and make changes in body weight, when necessary.Diet therapy may include prescribing specialized dietary regimes ormeal plans. These specialized diet regimens or meal plans are calledtherapeutic diets. Therapeutic diet refers to a meal plan that controlsthe intake of certain foods or nutrients. They are adaptation of the2
normal, regular diet. Some common examples of therapeutic dietsinclude clear liquid diet, diabetic diet, renal diet, gluten free diet, lowfat diet, high fibre diet etc. Therapeutic diets are usually prescribed bydietitians, nutritionists or physicians. We will learn about the types oftherapeutic diets later in this unit.Depending on the nature of the problem, a health care team mightinclude physician/doctor, nurses, nutritionists, dietitians, counselorsetc. But dietitian/nutritionists are at the forefront of nutritional care. Anutrition professional can advice, counsel, coordinates, educate,guide, inform, suggest and support. Nutrition professional works withindividuals/patients to help them understand that good nutrition andgood health go hand-in-hand. The various tasks and the role ofdietitian in health care are enumerated next.Role of Dietitian in Nutrition CareDietitian you know is an expert in dietetics, dealing with human nutritional care. A dietitian apply thescience and principals of human nutrition to help people understand the relationship between food andhealth and make appropriate dietary choices to attain and maintain health and to prevent and treatillness and disease.Dietitians work in a wide variety of roles in, for example, a clinical, public health or community, foodservice, administrative, freelance/consultancy, research or teaching capacity. However, you will findthat majority of dietitians are clinical dietitians working in hospitals, nursing homes and other healthcare facilities or specialized institutes/units to provide nutritional care to patients with a variety ofhealth conditions, and provide dietary consultations to patients and their families.The activities most likely to be undertaken by the clinical dietitians would include: Collecting, organizing and assessing data relating to health and nutritional status ofindividuals, groups and communities, Review and analyze patients nutritional needs and goals to make appropriate dietaryrecommendations, Develop and implement nutrition care plans and monitor, follow up and evaluate these plansand take corrective measures wherever required, Calculate nutritional value of food/meals planned, Prescribe therapeutic diets and special nutrition support and feeding regimens, Oversee the preparation of special diets, special nutrition formulas for patients who arecritically or terminally and require special feeding through oral, enteral or parenteral routes,3 Plan and prepare basic menus and assist in supervising food service personnel in preparingmenus and serving of meals, Schedule work assignments in the dietary unit to facilitate the effective operation of the
Therapeutic Diets: A ReviewRemember, a therapeutic diet is a qualitative/quantitative modifiedversion of a normal regular diet which has been tailored to suit thechanging nutritional needs of patient/individual and are used toimprove specific health/disease condition. It is a planned diet used tosupplement the medical or surgical treatment. Balanced diet is defined as onewhichcontains a variety of foods in suchquantities and proportions that the needfor energy, proteins, vitamins, minerals,fats and other nutrients is adequately metfor maintaining health and well being.Here you may enquire what a normal regular diet is.Normal diet, here, refers to a basic, balanced diet whichmeets the need of an individual.Refer to Figure 1.1 which illustrates routine hospital diets.4
Figure 1.1: Routine hospital dietsNormal or general diet in a hospital setting is a balanced diet whichmeets the nutritional needs of an individual/patient. It is given whenthe individual's medical condition does not warrant any specificmodification. Most hospitals follow simple dietary recommendations(given by ICMR for Indian population) while planning the generaldiet. It is planned keeping the basic food groups in mind so thatoptimum amount of all nutrients is provided. Further, since the patientis hospitalized or on bed rest, reduction of 10% in energy intakeshould be made. The diet provides approximately 1600 to 2200Kcal,and contain around 180 to 300g carbohydrates, 60 to 80g of fat and 40to 70 g of protein.Figure 1.1 also illustrates the soft diet and the liquid diets which areexamples of therapeutic diet. In addition to these there may be othermodified diets which individuals may require as part of theirtherapeutic needs. The reasons for modifying the diets may include: For essential or life saving treatment: For example in celiacdisease, providing gluten free diet, To replete patients who are malnourished because of diseasesuch as cancer and intestinal diseases by providing a greateramount of a nutrient such as protein, To correct deficiencies and maintain or restore optimumnutritional status,5
To provide rest or relieve an affected organ such as in gastritis, To adjust to the body's ability to digest, absorb, metabolize orexcrete: For example a low fat diet provided in fatmalabsorption, To adjust to tolerance of food intake. For example i
PRACTICAL (Marks 30) 1. List five problems faced by self as food consumer in context to food safety. Suggest solutions to overcome the same. 2. a) Collect labels of any FIVE food products (oils, packaged food, processed food, raw foods, savoury food.) Study
Dietetics and Nutrition Practice Council www.flrules.org Revised September 2019 Page 4 of 37 468.501 Short title.—This part may be cited as the “Dietetics and Nutrition Practice Act.” History.—ss. 1, 20, ch. 88-236; s. 4, ch. 91-429; s. 1, ch. 96-367. 468.502 Purpose and intent.—The Legislature finds that the practice of dietetics and nutrition
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This Companion Guide provides information about the 834 Enrollment file that is specific to HCA and HCA trading partners. It will include both the 834 Audit and 834 Update. This Companion Guide is intended for trading partner use in conjunction with the ASC X12 TR3 834
Kata Kunci : Asam folat, Anemia, Gagal Ginjal Kronik, Rawat Inap . ii ABSTRACT A STUDY OF FOLIC ACID USE IN ANEMIC CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE PATIENTS HOSPITALIZED IN RSUD SIDOARJO Chronic renal failure is disturbance of kidney functions that progressive and irreversible where the ability of kidney to maintain the metabolism and liquid balance also electrolit causes uremic. Anemic is a complication .
