DMT Operator Manual V4 - Minnesota
DMT OPERATOR TRAINING MANUALMinnesota Department of Public SafetyBureau of Criminal ApprehensionForensic Science ServicesBreath Alcohol Calibration Laboratory
DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SBii
DATAMASTER DMT BREATH TEST OPERATORTRAINING COURSE MANUALVersion 4.0September 3, 2019Minnesota Department of Public SafetyBureau of Criminal ApprehensionForensic Science ServicesBreath Alcohol Calibration Laboratory1430 Maryland Avenue EastSt. Paul, Minnesota 55106(651) 793-2777Written and instructed by:(Listed alphabetically)Hannah Clamons - Forensic ScientistKarin Kierzek - Forensic ScientistAaron Olson - Forensic ScientistShauna Richardson – Forensic ScientistDMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SBiii
DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SBiv
TABLE OF CONTENTSGeneral Course Information. 1Concepts of Alcohol Testing . 7DMT .17Dry Gas.25Touch Screen Menu .29ID TECH Keyboard and Integrated Barcode Reader .39Hewlett Packard LaserJet P1606dn.43Testing with the DMT .47Status Messages .57Sample Test Records .61DMT Training Practice Laboratory .73Pharmacology and Toxicology of Alcohol .87Widmark Formula .97Definitions . 105Portable Breath Test (PBT) Instruments . 111Appendices . 127DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SBv
DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SBvi
General Course InformationGeneral Course InformationDMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB1
General Course InformationInstructorThis page was intentionally left blank.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB2
General Course InformationGeneral Course InformationIntroductionHandouts supplement the material taught by the staff of the Minnesota Bureau of CriminalApprehension (BCA) Forensic Science Services Breath Alcohol Calibration Laboratory and areintended only as an aide to training. They do not contain the complete content of the course nor arethey an authoritative statement of Minnesota statute, rule, regulation, policy or procedure. Every efforthas been made to provide correct information at the time of writing.Required P.O.S.T StatementThe BCA is a continuing education sponsor approved by the Board of Peace Officer Standardsand Training (P.O.S.T). Peace officers who successfully complete this course will receive continuingeducation credits toward their P.O.S.T. license renewal. Operator training for new operators, as a basiccourse, constitutes twenty one (21) hours of approved continuing education credit.The BCA endeavors to provide training in an environment free of discrimination or prejudice.Discriminatory or prejudicial acts or comments by faculty members, staff or students will not betolerated. Complaints of inappropriate behavior based on race, gender, creed, age, color, religion,national origin or marital status may be communicated in any form to any representative of the BCA.All complaints received will be handled in accordance with BCA policy.Class credit and feeIf you need to leave because of a business or personal emergency, please let a course instructorknow. You must attend 90% of the course to receive P.O.S.T. credit. Your department will be chargedthe full registration fee if your absence is not cleared with an instructor.MaintenanceAll DMT maintenance must be performed or authorized by the Minnesota Bureau of CriminalApprehension Forensic Science Services Breath Alcohol Calibration Laboratory. Any unauthorizedrepairs could invalidate all subsequent subject tests. Any instrument problem should be brought to theimmediate attention of the Bureau of Criminal Apprehension Forensic Science Services Breath AlcoholCalibration Laboratory.Operator Requirements1. Minnesota DMT operators are required to attend and satisfactorily complete the Bureau of CriminalApprehension Breath Test Operator course. During the course the student will run tests, preparebreath test documentation for court, and learn the theory and background of breath testingsufficiently for competent court testimony. To complete the course the student must obtain aminimum written exam score of 70% and a minimum lab exam score of 90%.2. To maintain an active certification, an operator must take a recertification course periodically asinstructed by the BCA and achieve a passing grade on the final exam.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB3
General Course InformationSummaryThe Breath Test Operator training program has been developed to assist with enforcement of DWIstatutes. The DMT test procedure and operator requirements are the result of the experiences of theBureau of Criminal Apprehension Forensic Science Services Breath Alcohol Calibration Laboratory andthe recommendations of the National Safety Council’s Committee on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Thehigh standards placed on operators and instruments in Minnesota have established the DMT as anaccurate and impartial test for alcohol concentration. It is imperative that this quality be maintained.Bureau of Criminal Apprehension and Laboratory Rules1. 1430 Maryland is a smoke free building. Smoking is permitted only outside the building.2. Side arms are prohibited in class whenever alcohol is being consumed. Lockers are provided fortheir storage.3. Clean up spilled liquids promptly and properly. Notify an instructor immediately of any spill.4. Return all materials to their proper storage areas at the conclusion of their use. Dispose of all refuseproperly. Containers for recycling are provided. Please use them for cans, bottles and paper.5. Keep all working areas clean and neat.Policy on Breath Test Students Who Have a Positive Alcohol Concentration Outside of theControlled Drinking SessionAt any time during a Breath Test class, other than a controlled drinking session, if a student isfound to have alcohol in their system (as tested by PBT or DMT-G), the following will occur: Breath Alcohol Calibration Laboratory staff will immediately notify Supervisor and Directorswho will ensure that: Student is removed from class and not allowed to drive regardless of alcohol concentration. The law enforcement agency that employs the student will be contacted and attempts tospeak with a direct supervisor will be made. An appropriate response will be agreed upon between agency and BCA.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB4
General Course InformationDMT Certification Course ScheduleDay 1: Tuesday8:00Day 3: ThursdayStatus CodesLegal AspectsLabMock TrialsQuiz and ReviewPharmacology andToxicology of AlcoholCourse Orientation8:309:00Day 2: WednesdayConcepts of AlcoholTesting9:3010:00DMT Inside and Out10:3011:0011:30Ancillary Equipment12:0012:301:00LunchLunch and DrinkingSessionObservation PeriodeCharging1:302:002:30LunchMinnesota TestSequenceIntroductory LabTesting of DrinkingSubjectsCourse Review3:003:30Widmark TheoryWritten and Lab FinalsDMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB5
Concepts of Alcohol TestingDMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB6
Concepts of Alcohol TestingConcepts of Alcohol TestingDMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB7
Concepts of Alcohol TestingInstructorThis page was intentionally left blank.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB8
Concepts of Alcohol TestingChemistry of AlcoholC CarbonH HydrogenO OxygenH H H --- C ---C --- OH H HEthyl alcoholH OH H H --- C --- C --- C --- H H HHIsopropyl alcoholH H --- C --- OH HMethyl alcoholOH H H --- C --- C --- H H OHH O H H --- C --- C --- C --- H H HHEthylene GlycolAcetoneEthyl alcohol, a simple organic compound, is composed of two carbon atoms, five hydrogen atomsand a hydroxyl group (C2H5OH). A hydroxyl group (OH) is an oxygen atom and a hydrogen atombound together, and is common to all alcohols. Ethanol is the alcohol which is contained in all alcoholicbeverages. The first byproduct of ethanol is acetaldehyde, followed by ethanoic acid, commonly knownas acetic acid or vinegar. Ethyl alcohol is also known as ethanol, alcohol, grain alcohol, neutral spiritsand spirit of wine. The term alcohol is from the Arabic word AL-KOHL. Ethyl alcohol is a clear,colorless, volatile liquid with a slight characteristic odor, which is detectable at 10 parts per million(PPM) in air and becomes disagreeable at around 500 PPM. It mixes well with water. It is flammableand considered a hazardous material. Boiling point 78.5 C (173.3 F) freezing point -114.1 C (173.4 F). The density is .791 @ 20 C and .787 @ 25 C (water 1). The vapor density is equal to1.6 (air 1).Methyl alcohol, also called methanol or wood alcohol, contains one carbon atom, three hydrogenatoms and a hydroxyl group (CH3OH). Methanol is extremely toxic to the human body. The metabolicbyproducts of methanol are the reason for its toxicity. The first byproduct is methaldehyde, commonlyknown as formaldehyde. The body converts this to formic acid. Formic acid will dissolve the rods andcones in the retina resulting in vision impairment or blindness. Formic acid unchecked results in deathby causing the kidneys to cease functioning.Isopropyl alcohol, also called isopropanol or rubbing alcohol, contains three carbon atoms, sevenhydrogen atoms and a hydroxyl group (CH3CHOHCH3). The body converts Isopropanol into acetone.Ethylene Glycol, commonly called anti-freeze, contains two carbon atoms, four hydrogen atoms andtwo hydroxyl groups.Acetone, contained in fingernail polish remover, contains three carbon atoms, seven hydrogenatoms and one oxygen atom. While acetone is not an alcohol, acetone vapors may be present in thebreath of diabetics, dieters or highly exercised individuals. The presence of acetone is recognized byDMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB9
Concepts of Alcohol Testingthe IR filters and fuel cells do not react with acetone. The DMT will treat the presence of acetone onthe breath as an Interference.Beverage LabelingThe following are different means of measuring how much alcohol is contained in an alcohol beverage.Percent by volumePercent by Volume is the most common expression of a beverage’s alcohol concentration. Alldistilled beverages list their alcohol concentration under the term Percent by Volume. Todetermine the Percent by Volume, take the volume of pure ethyl alcohol divided by the totalvolume of the alcoholic beverage multiplied by 100.Volume of Pure Ethyl Alcohol x 100% Percent by VolumeTotal VolumePercent by weightPercent by Weight is the weight of pure ethyl alcohol divided by the total weight of the alcoholicbeverage multiplied by 100.Weight of Pure Ethyl Alcohol x 100% Percent by WeightTotal WeightProofIn the United States, all distilled beverages list their alcohol concentration under the term proof.Before scientific methods, beverage strength was measured by mixing equal amounts of spiritand gunpowder. When ignited, if the mixture did not burn it was too weak. If it burned too rapidlyit was too strong. If it produced an even blue flame it was proved. This concentration is nowknown to be about 50 percent alcohol.Proof is twice the percent of ethyl alcohol by volume. Therefore, pure (100%) ethyl alcohol is200 proof; 50% alcohol by volume distillates are 100 proof and 40% alcohol by volume distillatesare 80 proof.Percent by Volume x 2 ProofAlcohol ProductionFermentationEthyl alcohol is produced naturally through the process of fermentation of sugar or starch byyeast. Fermentation is the only process by which beer and wine are produced, and it is the firststep in the product of distilled spirits. Because natural, common yeast cannot survive in highlevels of alcohol, fermentation stops at about 14% ethyl alcohol by volume.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB10
Concepts of Alcohol TestingDistillationEthyl alcohol is traditionally concentrated through distillation. This is accomplished by heatingthe fermented mixture (mash) to evaporate the alcohol. The type of grain or cereal used in themash along with the manner of processing determines the type of beverage produced. Thevapors from the heated mash are collected and cooled to form a liquid. The liquid distillateportion contains the ethanol plus some water and flavorings. Simple distillation can generate95% ethyl alcohol by volume. Pure 100% ethyl alcohol is produced by dehydration of the 95%distillate.FortificationFortification is the process of increasing the alcohol concentration of a fermented beverage byadding alcohol distillate. It is used primarily to produce sweet dessert wines such as Port,Sherry, and Madeira.The names, sources and approximate alcoholic content of various beveragesProcessBeverageBeers and AlesCidersWinesWine and MaltCoolersRaw MaterialCerealsApplesGrapesWine or beerPercent by Volume2.3 – 6.08.0 – 10.09.0 – 14.04.0 – sWineNeutral SpiritsGrain40.0 – 55.040.0 – 75.540.0 – 55.040.0 – 55.035.0 – 50.0FortificationSherry, Port, MadeiraGrapes17.0 – 22.0FermentationCongenersAfter the distillate is collected it is commonly placed in charred wooden barrels for aging. Duringthe aging process certain chemicals are leached from the wood and dissolved in the distillate.These compounds are called congeners. Congeners are responsible for the variable taste, aromaand color of different beverages. Congeners can also be responsible for hangover potential.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB11
Concepts of Alcohol TestingAnalytical Techniques for Measuring Alcohol Concentration in BreathChemical / Photoelectric DevicesA sample of breath passes through crystals or a solution that contains a colored chemicalsubstance. The substance reacts with alcohol to produce a color change that can be measured.The intensity of the color change reflects the amount of alcohol in the sample.Gas chromatographyA sample of breath passes through a tubular column to a detector. Substances in the breath movethrough the column at different rates and arrive at the detector at different times. The detectormeasures the amount of each substance and the alcohol concentration can be reported by a datasystem. Gas chromatography can identify and measure substances in the breath other than alcoholand it can be used to analyze other body fluids, such as blood or urine.Infrared AbsorptionA breath sample passes into a chamber of fixed volume and temperature. A beam of infrared lightpasses through the chamber. When the light beam exits the chamber, it is filtered to removeundesired wavelengths. The remaining wavelengths are converted to an electrical signal directlyproportional to the concentration of the alcohol in the breath sample.Platinum Fuel CellThe alcohol in the breath sample reacts with the device to produce electricity. The amount ofelectricity produced reflects the amount of alcohol in the sample.Catalytic DetectorThe alcohol in a breath sample comes into contact with a semiconductor and increases the voltageacross it. This voltage increase is directly proportional to the amount of alcohol in the sample.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB12
Concepts of Alcohol TestingEvidentiary InstrumentsInstrument NameDeveloper(s) and yearDrunkometerHarger and co-workers1938AlcometerGreenberg and Keator1941Borkenstein1954BreathalyzerGas chromatograph Forrester andIntoximeterAssociates 1968Intoxilyzer 4011Omnicron SystemsCorporation 1972Intoxilyzer 5000MPD – CMI Inc. 1983Intoxilyzer 5000EN MPD – CMI Inc. 1997DMT- G with FuelNPAS, Inc. 2010 (2011)Cell Option (RevA)Material analyzed and Method for quantitationvolumeRebreathed air, volumePotassiumvariespermanganate in sulfuricacidAlveolar breath, 15 mlIodic acidAlveolar breath, 52.5 mlAlveolar breath, .25 mlAlveolar breath, 600 mlAlveolar breath, 81.4 mlAlveolar breath, 82.2 mlAlveolar breath, 23 mlPotassium dichromateand silver nitrate insulfuric acidElectronic flameionization detectorInfra-red absorptionInfra-red absorptionInfra-red absorptionInfra-red absorption &Platinum Fuel CellPreliminary Breath Testing DevicesInstrument Name Developer(s) and yearapprovedAlert J2Borg Warner 1973Alert J3A, CBorg Warner 1978Alco-Sensor PWF Intoximeters Inc 1982CMI – LION SL-2 MPD – CMI Inc. 1989Alco-Sensor IVIntoximeters Inc 1992Alco-Sensor IIIIntoximeters Inc 1997CMI – LION SD-2 MPD – CMI Inc. 1997FC-10LifeLoc Technologies2001FC-20LifeLoc Technologies2002Alco- Sensor FST Intoximeters, Inc. 2004Alco-Sensor V XL Intoximeters, Inc. 2012Material analyzed and Method for quantitationvolumeAlveolar breathCatalytic DetectorAlveolar breathCatalytic DetectorAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellAlveolar breath, 1mlAlveolar breath, 1mlPlatinum Fuel CellPlatinum Fuel CellConcepts of Breath TestingA basic assumption underlies breath alcohol testing: There is a determinable ratio between the alcohol concentration in the blood (and the brain) and thealcohol concentration found in the breath.DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0Authorized by: SB13
Concepts of Alcohol TestingThe National Safety Council Committee on Alcohol and other Drugs ad hoc committee, and mostexperts in the field, have concluded that 2100 parts of alveolar (deep lung) air contain the same amountof alcohol as 1 part of blood. Hence, the breath to blood ratio is 2
Sep 03, 2019 · DMT Operator Training Manual v4.0 Authorized by: SB iii DATAMASTER DMT BREATH TEST OPERATOR TRAINING COURSE MANUAL Version 4.0 September 3, 2019
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This will convert the DMT freebase to the water-soluble salt, DMT Acetate. The DMT Acetate will move from the Shellite to the water leaving behind the plant gunk. 6. Defat Step 2: Basify To the water DMT Acetate solution, add an amount of Sodium Hydroxide. This will again convert the DMT to its freebase form, which is soluble in Shellite. 7.
variety of DMT analogues, including those with varying amino groups35 and indole substitution patterns.36 The isolation and purification of DMT also warrant some discussion. The reactions used to synthesize DMT are often followed by a basic aqueous workup involving the extraction of DMT free base into an organic solvent. Chloroform is usually
DMT theory in the context of the history of the debate over the cause of NDEs. The following section will discuss DMT's chemical composi - tion, physical effects, and psychological effects. The final section will explore whether NDE and DMT experiences have a sufficient degree of phenomenological similarity to substantiate a causal role for DMT
your tools, to choose nothing less than a DMT diamond sharpener. DMT vs. Drag-through An edge created by a DMT sharpener (left) is far superior to one made by a typical drag-through sharpener (right). The DMT diamond surface produces a clean, razor-shar
a) Applicants must hold the R-DMT in order to begin accruing supervision and employment hours. The R-DMT is attained either through receiving a Master's Degree from an Approved Program or having been granted the R-DMT via the Alternate Route. b) Applicants must have maintained R-DMT Certification through the annual
DMT trip. I do think that there are general rules for approach-ing the DMT journey such as diet, preparation, set and set-ting, and intention. But DMT is about the beyond. "Beyond what?" you may ask. Beyond the intellect, beyond the senses, beyond any devices and biological instruments for dealing with the external world. When you journey .
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