Cruise Report C-241
Cruise ReportC-241SEA Semester: Marine Biodiversity& ConservationScientific Data Collected AboardSSV Corwith CramerChristiansted, St. Croix, USA – St. George’s, Bermuda –Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA14 May 2012 – 17 June 2012Participants, Sargasso Sea Symposium – 28 June 2012Sea Education AssociationWoods Hole, Massachusetts1
This document should be cited as:Siuda, ANS and ER Zettler. 2012. Final report for S.E.A. cruise C241. Sea EducationAssociation, Woods Hole, MA 02540. www.sea.edu.To obtain unpublished data, contact the Chief Scientists or SEA data archivist:Data ArchivistSea Education AssociationPO Box 6Woods Hole, MA 02543Phone: 508-540-3954Fax: 508-457-4673E-mail: data-archives@sea.eduWeb: www.sea.edu2
Table of ContentsShip’s Company . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 1. Student Research Projects, C-241 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Data Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Figure 1. C-232 Cruise Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Table 2. Oceanographic Sampling Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Table 3. Surface Sampling Station Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Figure 2. Surface current direction and velocity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Figure 3. Surface Temperature and Salinity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Figure 4. Cross Section of Temperature and Salinity . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 4. Hydrocast Bottle Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Table 5. Neuston Net Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Table 6. Tucker Trawl Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Table 7. Meter and 2-Meter Net Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Student Research Abstracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
Ship’s CompanySSV Corwith Cramer, Cruise C-241FacultyJen HaddockAmy SiudaErik ZettlerJohn JensenCaleb McClennenLinda Amaral-ZettlerCaptainChief ScientistChief ScientistPolicy FacultyPolicy Faculty – Wildlife Conservation SocietyOceanography Faculty – Marine Biological LaboratoryNautical StaffRyan ShamburgerKirsten JohnsrudTheo CollinsPete WestAshley LookLaura HansenChief MateSecond MateThird MateEngineerStewardDeckhandScientific StaffMaia TheophanisAnnie ScofieldAnne HandschyFirst Assistant ScientistSecond Assistant Scientist, Teaching AssistantThird Assistant ScientistVisiting ScientistGreg BoydSEA Research AssistantStudentsAllison AdamsEmily AllenJanet BeringAlex Binford-WalshErika CardenasCheng ChengJody DanielGrace HuttonMeredith JacksonLindsay MartinEliot MooiweerBen OngJeremy PivorTaylor SeheinLindsay SpiersElissa WalterYip YeSyracuse UniversitySt. John’s UniversityMiddlebury CollegeColorado CollegeUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonKnox CollegeSt. George’s University, GrenadaNortheastern UniversityUniversity of Colorado, BoulderColgate UniversityEckerd CollegeRice UniversityWashington University in St. LouisNortheastern UniversityElon UniversityCarleton CollegeMacalester College4
IntroductionThis cruise report provides a summary of scientific activities aboard the SSV CorwithCramer during cruise C-241 (14 May – 17 June 2012). The 1670 nm, five-weekcruise served as the scientific data collection portion of the Sea Semester: MarineBiodiversity & Conservation program with Sea Education Association (SEA).Extensive oceanographic sampling was conducted for both student researchprojects (Table 1) and the ongoing SEA research program. Students measuredbiodiversity and examined physical, chemical, biological, and environmentaloceanographic characteristics in accordance with their written proposals andpresented their results in a final poster session and papers (available upon requestfrom SEA).The brief summary of data contained in this report is not intended to represent finaldata interpretation and should not be excerpted or cited without written permissionfrom SEA.Amy NS Siuda and Erik R ZettlerChief Scientists, C-2415
Table 1. Student research projects, C-241.TitleA Study of the Biodiversity of Vibrio Bacteriain the Sargasso SeaHydroid Diversity in the Sargasso Sea, UsingMorphological and Molecular MethodsStudent InvestigatorsAllison Adams, Cheng Cheng,Ben Ong, and Yip YeEmily Allen, Grace Hutton, andElissa WalterThe Distribution and Population Dynamics of Janet Bering and Alex Binford-WalshPelagic Sargassum spp. in the Sargasso SeaAn Analysis of the Distribution, Abundanceand Diversity of Lanternfish (Family:Myctophidae) in the Sargasso SeaErika Cardenas and Lindsay MartinPopulation Genetics and Dynamics ofCaribbean Spiny Lobster (Panulirus argus)Phyllosoma in the Sargasso SeaJody Daniel and Jeremy PivorAnalysis of the Biodiversity and Abundanceof Leptocephali in the Sargasso SeaMeredith Jackson and Lindsay SpiersDocumenting Sargassum Shrimp Biodiversityin the Sargasso SeaEliot Mooiweer and Taylor Sehein6
Data DescriptionThis section provides a record of data collected aboard the SSV Corwith Cramercruise C-241 (US State Department Cruise: 2012-005) from Christiansted, St. Croix,USVI to Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA (Figure 1).Figure 1. Hourly positions along the C-241 cruise track.During the 5-week voyage, we sampled at 42 discrete oceanographic stations (Table2), each with an associated surface sample for chlorophyll a and total inorganicphosphate (Table 3). Additionally, we continuously sampled water depth and subbottom profiles (CHIRP system), upper ocean currents (ADCP, Figure 2), and seasurface temperature, salinity, CDOM fluorescence, in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence,and transmittance (seawater flow-through system, Figure 3 – temperature, salinity).Discrete CTD measurements of vertical temperature and salinity profiles arepresented in Figure 4. Additional instrumentation on the CTDs allowed for profilingof dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, transmittance, PAR and CDOM fluorescence.Summaries of sea surface and water column chemical and biological properties arefound in Tables 4-7. Lengthy CTD, CHIRP, ADCP and flow-through data are notfully presented here. All unpublished data can be made available by arrangementwith the SEA data archivist (contact information, p. 2).7
Table 2. Oceanographic sampling stations. X indicates type of station. (NT Neuston Tow, MN Meter Net, TT Tucker Trawl, HC Hydrocast with CTD, CTD Free CTD, TDR Minilogger depth and temperature recorder, SS Surface 0017111800071039002510402345Latitude(N)18 07.5'18 40.3'18 52.1'20 02.8'20 48.8'21 31.9'21 53.4'22 19.0'22 18.2'22 40.6'23 17.0'24 06.8'24 48.7'25 26.1'26 04.2'26 53.6'27 18.7'27 41.4'28 05.2'28 24.0'28 40.2'29 40.5'30 33.2'31 05.2'Longitude(W)64 40.0'64 35.2'64 44.0'64 55.6'64 56.1'64 52.0'64 54.0'65 00.0'65 10.8'65 11.0'65 03.1'64 50.9'64 34.2'64 25.7'64 11.2'63 46.1'63 33.6'63 27.6'63 25.9'63 33.1'63 45.4'63 50.1'64 07.8'64 15.0'General LocaleTropical AtlanticTropical AtlanticTropical AtlanticS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaS. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso l. SS-013btl. 13SS-014SS-015SS-016SS-017SS-018SS-019SS-020
Table 2 de(N)31 39.0'32 02.9'32 15.9'33 30.6'34 23.8'34 54.9'35 33.1'35 35.1'36 20.6'37 26.1'38 03.8'39 08.6'39 35.6'39 58.7'40 54.2'41 37.6'42 20.8'42 43.7'Longitude(W)64 15.7'64 34.4'64 17.0'64 15.2'64 44.7'65 02.8'65 39.5'66 15.0'66 53.8'68 00.3'67 26.2'67 49.5'68 26.6'68 52.9'68 57.3'69 24.0'69 42.0'70 13.1'General LocaleN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaN. Sargasso SeaGulf StreamTemperate N. AtlanticTemperate N. AtlanticTemperate N. AtlanticTemperate N. AtlanticTemperate N. AtlanticTemperate N. AtlanticTemperate N. XXXXXXXX2mXXXXXSSSS-021SS-022SS-023SS-025btl. 13SS-026SS-027SS-028btl. 13SS-029SS-030btl. 13SS-031SS-032SS-033SS-034SS-035SS-036
Table 3. Surface station data (SS-XXX, XXX-HC). Blank no 36.1034.2335.2133.8232.7232.1032.2329.30Chl-a( .3411.0550.8051.953PO4( 771.0420.9700.845
Figure 2. Surface current direction and velocity measured with the ADCP.11
Figure 3. Surface temperature (left) and salinity (right) measurements from the continuous flow-through data logger.12
Figure 4. Temperature (top) and salinity (middle) cross sections createdfrom CTD data collected along the entire cruise track. Map (bottom)indicates which stations were included in the section.13
Table 4. Hydrocast bottle data. Blank no .0198.4297.9395.00.0DissolvedO2 .5198.7PO4( .2544.6DissolvedO2 (mL/L)4.39PO4( 5.574.97Chl a( g/L)5435.3120.8725.895.3614Chl a( g/L)
Table 4 198.5297.0397.00.024.549.899.7DissolvedO2 (mL/L)PO4( M)Chl a( dO2 (mL/L)PO4( 3568.25.87151.3545.950.934Chl a( g/L)
Table 4 0.249.860.074.4DissolvedO2 (mL/L)6.03PO4( M)Chl a( g/L)Bottle21Depth(m)570.2571.1DissolvedO2 (mL/L)PO4( 81.6086.894.258.057.2016Chl a( g/L)
Table 5. Neuston net tow data. 333 m mesh. Blank indicates no data 3880.00270.01960.00330.00780.00340.0130Nekton 2cm(mL)9.01.0Gelat. Zoo. 2cm 0.72.12.32.00.53.80.08.01.01.00.00.81.230.00.00.0 17140994726053
Table 5 .18750.1083Nekton .04.0Gelat. Zoo. 2cm 153650836429703812137
Table 6. Tucker Trawl data. 333 m .4Zoopl.Density(mL/m3)0.0010.0040.0002Nekton 2cm(mL)1.154.50Gelat. Zoo. 0Plastic(#)000Table 7. Meter Net and 2- Meter Net data. 333 m .0230.0410.0700.037Nekton 2cm(mL)1.05.01.82.81.03.00.60.90.55.10.059.5Gelat. Zoo. 00
ABSTRACTS A Study of the Biodiversity of Vibrio Bacteria in the Sargasso SeaAllison Adams, Cheng Cheng, Ben Ong and Yip YeLittle is known about marine biodiversity. While microbes compose a hugeportion of the organisms in the marine environment, they remain a mystery interms of behavior, abundance, and diversity. This study focuses on the diversityand distribution of Vibrio species. Many known and unknown species of thesebacteria exist in the ocean, and some, such as Vibrio cholerae, are known to bepathogenic. Vibrio live not only in seawater, but also on other floating biotic andabiotic substrates. In order to better understand the qualities of these bacteria,we took samples of plastic, seawater, and Sargassum spp. from different stationsacross the latitudinal gradient of the Sargasso Sea. Samples were analyzed formorphotype diversity. After isolation, DNA from specific samples were extractedand sequenced. We hypothesized that differences in morphotype diversity wouldoccur among the three mediums. Morphological and genetic differences of thebacteria colonies were found in the bacteria from the different substrates andfrom the seawater at different locations along the latitudinal gradient. Althoughthe data collected indicate some morphotypes of Vibrio are substrate specific,further research is needed to fully assess the implications of this study.Hydroid Diversity in the Sargasso Sea, Using Morphological and MolecularMethodsEmily Allen, Grace Hutton and Elissa WalterThe Northern Atlantic Ocean is characterized by floating clumps of Sargassumspp., a holopelagic brown macro-algae. Hydroids on Sargassum natans andSargassum fluitans were studied in samples collected between St. Croix, UnitedStates Virgin Islands (USVI) and Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States ofAmerica (USA) during May and June 2012. Sargassum was collected twice dailyin a neuston net tow. Five leaves of each S. natans and S. fluitans, if present,were removed from the Sargassum collected in each tow. This study examinedthe hydroids present on 125 S. fluitans leaves and 100 S. natans leaves. A totalof seven hydroid species were observed in these samples, one exclusive to S.natans and four exclusive to S. fluitans. Aglaophenia latecarinata comprised65.47% of all hydroids collected from S. fluitans leaves, and Clytia noliformiscomprised 60.46% of hydroids collected from S. natans leaves. The S. fluitanshydroid community was more diverse than the S. natans hydroid community, withstatistical significance at 95% confidence. Two species, A. latecarinata, andPlumularia margaretta, were present at all latitudes. C. noliformis, Plumulariasetaceoides, Dynamena quadridentata, Sertularia meyeri, and Clytia johnstoniwere only observed in particular latitudinal regions. The relative abundance of A.latecarinata decreased with higher latitudes. Higher relative abundances of P.margaretta were observed in samples that were collected farther north. Linear20
regressions did not indicate strong correlations between Shannon diversity indexand sea surface temperature, sa
Siuda, ANS and ER Zettler. 2012. Final report for S.E.A. cruise C241. Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA 02540. www.sea.edu. To obtain unpublished data, contact the Chief Scientists or SEA data archivist: Data Archivist Sea Education Association PO Box 6 Woods Hole, MA 02543 Phone: 508-540-3954 Fax: 508-457-4673 E-mail: data-archives@sea.edu
CRUISE 1) Cruise at .74 MACH. Alternative cruise: .77 MACH. 2) Hi-speed cruise at .81 @ fuel burn penalty. 3) Typical cruise altitude 20,000s FLs. 4) Fuel burn is 1540 pph per engine at FL240. 5) Headwinds will increase engine power, reduce cruise speed and decrease range. 6) Tailwinds will decrease engine power, increase cruise speed and increase range. 7) Follow previously entered FMC waypoints.
241.460-241.361-241.561-241.675 Durante il montaggio, posizionare il rasamento come illustrato nel disegno 7. Importante, solo per 241.460: sostituire il dado e la rondella originali posti all’estremità dell’albero motore con il dado in dotazione. 241.470 Durante il montaggio, posizionare i rasamenti come illustrato nel disegno 8.
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Globe Control Valve Type 3241 (241) Pneumatic Control Valves Type 3241/3271 (241-1) and Type 3241/3277 (241-7) Fig. 3 Type 3241/3271 (Type 241-1) with NPT thread; sizes ½” to 2” The control valves consist of a body with trim, bonnet and pneu-matic actuator, optionally with metal bellows or insulating exten-sion.
