The Red Book 2020 - Social Security Administration

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RED BOOKA SUMMARY GUIDE TO EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTSFOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES UNDER THESOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY INSURANCE (SSDI) ANDSUPPLEMENTAL SECURITY INCOME (SSI) PROGRAMS

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TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCING THE RED BOOK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1EXPLANATION OF CHANGES TO THE RED BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2CONTACTING US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3How to Reach Social Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3my Social Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Request copies of the Red Book or other Social Security Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4HOW DO WE DEFINE DISABILITY?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Our Definition of Disability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .What is Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA)?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .How Do We Evaluate Your Work Activity for SGA Purposes?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .What If You Are Self-employed?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5555Social Security Disability Insurance Program (SSDI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Supplemental Security Income Program (SSI). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .When You Receive Both SSDI and SSI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Comparison of the SSDI and SSI Disability Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7778OVERVIEW OF OUR DISABILITY PROGRAMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7RETURNING TO WORK. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9What Are Your Responsibilities When You Return to Work?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9When Will We Review Your Disability?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9When Will Your Benefits Stop?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9HOW DO EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTS HELP?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10SSDI Employment Supports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10SSI Employment Supports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Guide to Employment Supports. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11RESOURCES TO ASSIST YOUR RETURN TO WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Work Incentive Liaison (WIL). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Area Work Incentives Coordinator (AWIC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Benefits Planning Query (BPQY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Work Incentives Planning and Assistance (WIPA) Projects. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Work Incentives Seminar Events (WISE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Employment Network and State Vocational Rehabilitation Providers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Protection and Advocacy for Beneficiaries of Social Security (PABSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Individual Development Accounts (IDA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14American Job Centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Job Accommodation Network (JAN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15The Guidepost to Success. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Financial Literacy Information for Young People with Disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Federal Employment of People with Disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16AmeriCorps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16RESOURCES TO ASSIST YOUTH WITH THE TRANSITION TO A SUCCESSFULADULTHOOD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17SSDI AND SSI EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Subsidies and Special Conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Unsuccessful Work Attempt (UWA). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Impairment-Related Work Expenses (IRWE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Examples of Deductible and Non-Deductible IRWE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Plan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Who Can Help You Set Up a Plan to Achieve Self-Support (PASS)?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Examples of a PASS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Ticket to Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Continued Payment under Vocational Rehabilitation or Similar Program (Section 301). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Expedited Reinstatement (EXR). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29SSDI ONLY EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Trial Work Period (TWP). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Extended Period of Eligibility (EPE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Unincurred Business Expenses (Self-Employment) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Continuation of Medicare Coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Medicare for People with Disabilities Who Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33SSDI at a Glance – What Happens When You Go to Work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35SSI ONLY EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Earned Income Exclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Examples of the Earned Income Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Student Earned Income Exclusion (SEIE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Special SSI Payments for People Who Work – Section 1619(a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Reinstating SSI Eligibility Without a New Application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Special Benefits If You Are Eligible Under 1619 and Enter a Medical Facility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Medicaid While Working– Section 1619(b) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40SPECIAL RULES FOR PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41How We Apply Substantial Gainful Activity (SGA) Under SSDI to People Who Are Blind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41Blind Work Expenses (BWE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Comparison of Monthly SSI Payment With BWE Versus IRWE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Accommodations for People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43ADDITIONAL HELP WITH HEALTH CARE FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES. . . 44Medicaid Buy-In for Working People with Disabilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Help with Medicare Part A Premiums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Affordable Care Act (ACA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44EXAMPLE OF CONCURRENT BENEFITS WITH EMPLOYMENT SUPPORTS . . . . 45Summary of Example with Concurrent Benefits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS UPDATE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Benefit Offset National Demonstration (BOND) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Promoting Readiness of Minors in Supplemental Security Income (PROMISE). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Promoting Opportunity Demonstration (POD). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49Supported Employment Demonstration (SED). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Retaining Employment & Talent After Injury/Illness Network (RETAIN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Promoting Work through Early Interventions Demonstration Project (PWEID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Current Events. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50GLOSSARY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

INTRODUCING THE RED BOOKPurpose of the Red BookOne of Social Security’s highest priorities is to support the efforts of beneficiaries with disabilities who wantto work by developing policies and services to help them reach their employment goal. The Social SecurityDisability Insurance (SSDI) and Supplemental Security Income (SSI) programs include a number of employmentsupport provisions commonly referred to as work incentives.The Red Book is a general reference tool designed to provide a working knowledge of these provisions. Wewrite the Red Book primarily for educators, advocates, rehabilitation professionals, and counselors who servepeople with disabilities. We also expect that applicants and beneficiaries will use it as a self-help guide.In particular, Social Security recognizes the importance of supporting youth in their efforts to navigate thepath toward adult life. In this edition of the Red Book, we included resources to assist youth with this transition.We provide general information to assist youth and the parents, providers, or representatives of a youthreceiving SSI or SSDI to locate national and community supports and resources. Also, we send an annual noticeand informational publication entitled, “What You Need to Know About Your Supplemental Security Income(SSI) When You Turn 18” to these transition-aged youth between the ages of 14-17. It is also available online atwww.socialsecurity.gov/pubs/EN-05-11005.pdf. You can also get a copy from your local office or by callingour toll-free number 1-800-772-1213, or at our TTY number 1-800-325-0778, between 7 a.m. and 7 p.m.Monday through Friday.The Red Book contains a general description of our disability-related policies. For information specific to yoursituation regarding eligibility or benefits, you may need to contact us. You will find our contact information inthe following pages.The Red Book, including the Spanish language version, is available online at:www.socialsecurity.gov/redbook. It is also available in alternative formats. For more information, refer to the‘Accommodations for People Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired’ section.Purpose of Employment SupportsCongress intended the employment support provisions to provide you with the assistance you need to movefrom benefit dependency to independence. Employment supports help you to enter, re-enter, or stay in theworkforce by protecting your eligibility for cash payments and/or health care until you achieve this goal.Different rules apply to benefits based on retirement or age. We cover those rules in othe

Our yearly updates for the Red Book generally involve updating the dollar thresholds for several of the work . incentives . In this version of the publication, we provide direct links to the updated dollar amounts . This change will allow the Red Book to remain updated without having to print a yearly versi

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