M.E. SOIL MECHANICS
UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTSANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI 600 025REGULATIONS - 2009CURRICULUM I TO IV SEMESTERS (FULL TIME)M.E. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERINGSL. 6E2SEMESTER ICOURSE TITLELTPCApplied Mathematics3Theoretical Soil Mechanics4Strength and Deformation Behaviour of Soils3Soil Properties and Behaviour3Elective I3Elective II3TOTAL 330TOTAL 180044220LTPCElective VElective VIElective VII333000000333Practical Training (4 Weeks)Project work Phase – I0090000661313LTPC000030 1530 15SEMESTER IISL. 6E4PRACTICAL7SF9125COURSE TITLEShallow FoundationsDeep FoundationsGround ImprovementDynamics of Soils and FoundationsElective IIIElective IVAdvanced Soil Mechanics LaboratorySEMESTER IIISL. 2COURSE TITLETOTALSEMESTER IVSL. COURSENO.CODEPRACTICAL1SF9141COURSE TITLEProject work Phase – IITOTAL1
TOTAL CREDITS TO BE EARNED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE 682
UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENTSANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI 600 025REGULATIONS - 2009CURRICULUM I TO VI SEMESTERS (PART TIME)M.E. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERINGSEMESTER ISL. COURSECODENO.THEORY1MA91032SF91013E1COURSE TITLELTPC343TOTAL 101001000044311LTPC3339000000003339COURSE TITLELTPCStrength and Deformation Behaviour of SoilsSoil Properties and BehaviourElective pplied MathematicsTheoretical Soil MechanicsElective ISEMESTER IISL. COURSECODENO.THEORY1SF91212SF91223E2COURSE TITLEShallow FoundationsDeep FoundationsElective IITOTALSEMESTER IIISL. COURSECODENO.THEORY1SF91022SF91033E3SEMESTER IVSL. 25COURSE TITLEGround improvementDynamics of Soils and FoundationsElective IVAdvanced Soil Mechanics LaboratoryTOTALSEMESTER V3
SL. 2LTPCElective VElective VIElective VII333000000333Practical Training (4 weeks)Project work Phase – I0090000661313LTPC000030 1530 15COURSE TITLETOTALSEMESTER VISL. COURSECODENO.PRACTICAL1SF 9141COURSE TITLEProject work Phase – IITOTALTOTAL CREDITS TO BE EARNED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE 68ELECTIVES FOR M.E. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERINGSL.NO.1234567891011COURSECODESF 9151SF 9152SF 9153SF 9154SF 9155SF 9156SF 9157SF 9158SF 9159SF 9160SF 9161COURSE TITLELTPCEarth Pressure and Earth Retaining StructuresEarth and Rock fill DamsGeoenvironmental EngineeringRock Mechanics in Engineering PracticeFinite Element Method and ApplicationsPavement EngineeringSoil Structure InteractionSubsurface Investigation and InstrumentationReinforced Soil StructuresGeotechnical Earthquake EngineeringMechanics of Unsaturated Soils333333333330000000000000000000000333333333334
MA 9103APPLIED MATHEMATICSL T P C3 1 0 4OBJECTIVE: To familiarize the students in the field of differential and elliptic equations tosolve boundary value problems associated with engineering applications. To expose the students to variational formulation and numerical integrationtechniques and their applications to obtain solutions for buckling, dynamicresponse, heat and flow problems of one and two dimensional conditions.UNIT IONE DIMENSIONAL WAVE AND HEAT EQUATIONS10 3Laplace transform methods for one-dimensional wave equation – Displacements in along string – longitudinal vibration of an elastic bar – Fourier transform methods forone-dimensional heat conduction problems in infinite and semi-infinite rods.UNIT IIELLIPTIC EQUATION9 3Laplace equation – Properties of harmonic functions – Solution of Laplace’s equationby means of Fourier transforms in a half plane, in an infinite strip and in a semiinfinite strip – Solution of Poisson equation by Fourier transform method.UNIT IIICALCULUS OF VARIATIONS9 3Concept of variation and its properties – Euler’s equation – Functional dependant onfirst and higher order derivatives – Functionals dependant on functions of severalindependent variables – Variational problems with moving boundaries – Directmethods – Ritz and Kantorovich methods.UNIT IVEIGEN VALUE PROBLEMS9 3Methods of solutions: Faddeev –Leverrier Method, Power Method with deflation –Approximate Methods: Rayleigh –Ritz Method.UNIT VNUMERICAL INTEGRATION8 3Gaussian Quadrature – One and Two Dimensions – Gauss Hermite Quadrature –Monte Carlo Method – Multiple Integration by using Mapping Function.TOTAL (L:45 T:15): 60 PERIODSREFERENCES:1.Sankara Rao, K., “Introduction to Partial Differential Equations”, Prentice allof India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.2.Rajasekaran.S, “Numerical Methods in Science and Engineering APractical Approach”, A.H.Wheeler and Company Private Limited,1986.3.Gupta, A.S., “Calculus of Variations with Applications”, Prentice Hall ofIndia Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1997.4.Andrews, L.C. and Shivamoggi, B.K., “Integral Transforms forEngineers”, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2003.5
SF 9101THEORETICAL SOIL MECHANICSL4T P C0 0 4OBJECTIVE: Students are expected to understand elastic and plastic behaviour of soiland solve problems related to settlement and stability of soils structures.UNIT ITHEORY OF ELASTICITY10Introduction –Material behaviour – Idealistic behaviour – elastic, viscous and plastic Elasticity and stability problems, concept of stress and strain – plane stress, planestrain and axisymmetric problems – equation of equilibrium and compatibility – stressfunctions.UNIT IISTRESSES AND DISPLACEMENTS (ELASTIC SOLUTIONS)15Stresses in elastic half-space medium by external loads – fundamental solutions –Boussinesq, Flamant, Kelvin and Mindlin solution – Applications of fundamentalsolutions – Anisotropic and non-homogeneous linear continuum – Influence charts elastic displacement.UNIT IIILIMIT EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS12Limit equilibrium analysis – perfectly plastic material – stress – strain relationship –stress and displacement field calculations – slip line solutions for undrained anddrained loading.UNIT IVLIMIT ANALYSIS15Limit analysis – principles of virtual work – theorems of plastic collapse – Mechanismfor plane plastic collapse – Simple solutions for drained and undrained loading –stability of slopes, cuts and retaining structures.UNIT VFLOW THROUGH POROUS MEDIA8Flow through porous media – Darcy’s law – General equation of flow – steady statecondition – solution by flow net – fully saturated conditions.TOTAL: 60 PERIODSREFERENCES:1.Atkinson, J.H; The Mechanics of Soils and Foundations, Taylor and Francis,London, 2007.2.Wai-Fah Chen, and Liu, X.L., Limit Analysis in Soil Mechanics, ElsevierScience Ltd., 1991.3.Cedergren, H.R., Seepage, Drainage and Flownets, John Wiley, 1997.4.Aysen, A., Soil Mechanics: Basic concepts and Engineering Applications,A.A.Balkema Publishers, 2002.5.Ulrich Smoltc, YK, Geotechnical Engineering Handbook (Vol.1), Ernot &Sohn, 2002.6.Aysen, A., Problem Solving in Soil Mechanics, A.A.Balkema Publishers,2003.7.Davis, R.O., and Selvadurai, A.P.S., Elasticity and Geomechanics,Cambridge University Press, 1996.8.Muni Budhu, Soil Mechanics and Foundations, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.,Network, 2000.9.Atkinson, J.H., Foundations and Slopes, McGraw Hill, 1981.10.Winterkorn, H.F., and Fang, H.Y., Foundation Engineering Handbook,Galgotia, Booksource, 2000.6
SF 9102STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION BEHAVIOUR OF SOILSL T P C3 0 0 3OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this course is to understand stress-straincharacteristics of soils, the mechanism of failure, the factors that affects theshear strength and the various test procedures to determine the shearstrength.UNIT ISHEAR STRENGTH OF COHESIONLESS SOILS9Shear strength of granular sols - Direct shear - Triaxial Testing- Drained anduntrained Stress-strain behaviour - Dilation, contraction and critical states Liquefaction and cyclic mobility of saturated sands. Factors influencing stress-strainand shear strength.UNIT IISHEAR STRENGTH OF COHESIVE SOILS9Shear strength of clays - Stress-strain behaviour - Triaxial testing and stress pathplotting - pore pressure parameter of Skempton and Henkel - Total stress andeffective stress approach - shear strength of partially saturated clay in terms of stressstate variables. Factors influencing stress-strain and shear strength.UNIT IIIYIELD CRITERION9Concepts of yield and failure in soils- yield criteria of von Mises, Tresca and theirextended form, their applicability to soils - Detailed discussion of Mohr. - Coulombfailure criterion.UNIT IVSTRESS - STRAIN LAWS FOR SOILS9Stress-strain laws for soils - hyperbolic law - Linear visco-elastic and Elasto -plasticlaws - yield functions, hardening law, flow rules and plastic strain computation Rheological models of Kelvin, Maxwell and Burger and Burger as applied to soils.UNIT VCRITICAL STATE SOIL MECHANICS9Introduction to critical state soil mechanics - state boundary - surface- Roscoe andHvorslev's - A perspective only on mechanical behaviour of soils within the criticalstate framework.TOTAL: 45 PERIODS7
REFERENCES:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.Hotlz, R.D.& Kovacs, W.D. Introduction Geotechnical Engg, Prentice-Hall,1981Braja, M, Das., Advanced soil mechanics, McGraw Hill, 1997.Atkinson J.H. and Brandsby P.L. Introduction to critical state soil mechanicsMcGraw Hill, 1978.Lambe, T.W. and Whitman R.V. Soil Mechanics in S.I. Units John Wiley,1979.Wood, D.M., Soil behaviour and Critical State Soil Mechanics, CambridgeUniversity Press, New York, 1990.Bazant, Z.P., Mechanics of Geo-materials, Rocks, Concrete and Soil, JohnWilley and Sons, Chilchester, 1985.Graham Barnes, Soil Mechanics Principles and Practices, Macmillan PressLtd., London, 2002.Shear Strength of Liquefied Soils, Final Proceedings of the workshop,National Science Foundation, Urbane, Illinois, July 1998.Braja, M. Das, Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, Brooks/Cole,Thomson Learning Academic Resource, Center, Fifth Edition, 2002.Keedwell, M.J., Rheology and Soil Mechanics, Elsevier applied sciencePublishers Ltd., 1984.Malcolm D. Bolton, A guide to soil mechanics, Universities Press (India)Private Ltd., Hyderabad, India, 2003.8
SF 9103SOIL PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOURL T P C3 0 0 3OBJECTIVE: At the end of the course the student gains knowledge on the various factorsgoverning the Engineering behaviour of soils and the suitability of soils forvarious Geotechnical Engineering applications.UNIT ISOIL DEPOSITS AND CLAY MINERALS8Introduction – formation of soils – various soil deposits and their engineeringsuitability – Genesis of clay minerals – classification and identification – Anion andCation exchange capacity of clays – specific surface area – bonding in clays.UNIT IIPHYSICAL AND PHYSIO-CHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SOILS10Physical and physio – chemical behaviour of soils – diffused double layer theory –computation of double layer distance – effect of ion concentration, ionic valency,dielectric constant, temperature on double layer – stern layer – attractive andrepulsive forces in clays – soil structure – soil water – mechanism of soil – waterinteractions.UNIT IIISWELLING AND SHRINKAGE BEHAVIOUR10Swelling and shrinkage behaviour of soils – problems associated – factorsinfluencing swell – shrink characteristics – swell pressure determination – osmoticswell pressure – soil fabric and measurement – sensitivity, thixotrophy – stresshistory – soil compaction – soil suction – determination of suction potential.UNIT IVCOMPRESSIBILITY, PERMEABILITY ANDSHEAR STRENGTH BEHAVIOUR10Compressibility and shear strength behaviour of soils and clays – mechanismsinvolved – liquefaction potential – Factors governing compressibility, shear strengthand permeability of soils.UNIT VCONDUCTION PHENOMENA AND PREDICTION OF SOILBEHAVIOUR7Conduction in soils – coupled flows – electrical, chemical , hydraulic and thermalflows in soils – consolidation by electro osmosis – prediction of engineeringbehaviour of soils – empirical correlations and their applicability.TOTAL: 45 PERIODS9
REFERENCES:1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.Mitchell, J.K., Fundamentals of Soil Behaviour, John Wiley, New York, 1993.Yong, R.N. and Warkentin, B.P., Introduction to Soil Behaviour, Macmillan,Limited, London, 1979.Coduto, D.P., Geotechnical Engineering – Principles and practices, PrenticeHall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.Perloff, W.H. and Baron, W, Soil Mechanics, The Ronal Press Company,1976.Van Olphen, H., Clay colloid Chemistry, John Wiley, 1996Grim, R.E., Applied Clay Mineralogy, McGraw Hill, New York, 1966.Lambe, T.W. & Whitman, R.V. Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, NewYork, 1979.Das, B.M.,Principles of Geotechnical Engg, PWS Publishing Comp, Boston,1998McCarthy D.F., Essentials of Soil Mechanics & Foundations, Prentice-Hall,2002.10
SF 9121SHALLOW FOUNDATIONSL T P C3 0 0 3OBJECTIVE: To develop an awareness of the different type of shallow foundation, itsdesign methodology with and without interactive analysis by considering theperformance criterion.UNIT IINTRODUCTION6Developments - Need of Foundation Engineering - Responsibility of FoundationEngineer - Classification - General requirements - Additional consideration - selectionof type of foundation - hostile environment - structural integrity - economy.UNIT IIBEARING CAPACITY ESTIMATIONS9Bearing capacity of shallow foundations - Homogeneous - Layered soils - Soft andHard Rocks - Evaluation of bearing capacity from insitu tests - partial safety factorapproach codal - Recommendations.UNIT IIISETTLEMENT EVALUATION9Settlement analysis-immediate-consolidation settlement-stress path method ofsettlement evaluation-layered soil and rocks-construction period correctionevaluation from insitu tests - code recommendations.UNIT IVINTERACTIVE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS14Analysis of foundation - isolated - strip - combined footings and mat foundations.Conventional - elastic approach - Soil Structure Interaction Principles - Application Numerical techniques - finite element method - Application of softwares - StructuralDesign of shallow foundations - working stress method - limit state method - CodalRecommendations.UNIT VFOUNDATION FOR SPECIAL CONDITIONS7Structural Design of shallow foundations - working stress method Introduction tospecial foundations - Foundation design in relation to ground movements Foundation on recent refuse fills - Design of Foundation for seismic forces - CodalRecommendations.TOTAL: 45 PERIODSREFERENCES:1.Donald P. Coduto, Foundation Design Principles and Practices - PrenticeHall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 2001.2.Winterkorn, H.F. and Fang, Y.F., Foundation Engineering Handbook, VanNostrand Reinhold, 1994.3.Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill,New York, 1995.4.Robert Wade Brown, Practical Foundation Engineering Handbook, McGrawHill, New York, 1996.5.Tomlinson, M.J. Foundation Engineering, ELBS, Long man Group, UK Ltd.,England, 1995.6.Swami Saran, Soil Dynamics and Machine Foundation, Galgottia PublicationsPvt. Ltd., New Delhi-110002, 1999.7.Vargheese, P.C. Limit State Design of Reinforced concrete, Prentice-Hall ofIndia, 1994.11
8.9.10.11.12.13.Day, R.W., Geotechnical and Foundation Engineering, Design andConstruction, McGraw Hill 1999.Muni Budhu, Soil Mechanics and Foundation, John Wiley and Sons, INC2000.Donald P. Coduto, Geotechnical Engineering. Principles and Practices,Prentice - Hall of India Private Limited, 2002.Nainan P. Kurian, Design of Foundation Systems, Principles and Practices,Narosa Publishing House, Third Edition, 2006.Hemsley, J.A, Elastic Analysis of Raft Foundations, Thomas Telford, 1998.McCarthy, D.F. Essentials of Soil Mechanics and Foundations, basicgeotechnics, Sixth Edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.12
SF 9122DEEP FOUNDATIONSL T P C3 0 0 3OBJECTIVE: The student will be exposed to the design of piles, pile groups and caissonswith respect to vertical and lateral loads for various field conditions.UNIT IPILE CLASSIFICATIONS10Function – classification of piles – Factors governing choice of pile foundation – Loadtransfer principles – piling equipments and methods – changes in soil conditionduring installation of piles – requirement of code of practice – responsibility ofengineer and contractor.UNIT IIAXIALLY LOADED PILES AND PILE GROUPS10Allowable load evaluation of piles and pile groups – Static method – cohesive –cohesionless soil – time effects – Dynamic method – pile driving formulae – Waveequation application – modeling – theoretical analysis – Interpretation of field testresults and pile load test results – Settlement of Piles and Pile groups.UNIT IIILATERAL AND UPLIFT LOAD EVALUATION10Piles subjected to Lateral loads – Broms method, elastic –p-y curve analyses –Batter piles – response to moment – pile subjected to uplift loads – load –deformationbehaviour – Lateral and uplift load test data interpretation. Foundation on weekcompressible – collapsible soil – case studies.UNIT IVSTRUCTURAL DESIGN OF PILE AND PILE GROUPS9Pile foundation – structural design – pile cap analysis, pile – raft system basicinteractive analysis – pile and pile groups subjected to vibrations – fundamentalsolutions.UNIT VCAISSONS6Caissons types – Stability of caissons – principles of analysis and design, seismicinfluences - IRC Guidelines.TOTAL: 45 PERIODSREFERENCES:1.Das, B.M., Principles of Foundation Engineering, Design and Construction,Fourth Edition, PWS Publishing, 1999.2.Poulos, H.G., Davis, E.H., Pile foundation analysis and design, John Wileyand Sons, New York, 1980.3.Tomlinson, M.J. Foundation engineering, ELBS, Longman Group, U.K. Ltd.,England 1995.4.Cernica, J.N. Geotechnical Engineering Foundation Design, John Wiley andSons, Inc. 1995.5.Bowles, J.E., Foundation Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill,New York, 1996.6.Donald, P., Coduto, Foundation Design Principles and Practices, PrenticeHall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1996.7.Winterkorn, H.F. and Fang, H.Y, Foundation Engineering Handbook, VonNostrand Reinhold, 1994.8.Grigorian, Pile Foundation for Buildings and Structures in collapsible Soil,Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999.13
SF 9123GROUND IMPROVEMENTL T P C3 0 0 3OBJECTIVE: Students are expected to identify problematic soil and their associatedproblems, propose suitable remedial techniques and design.UNIT IDEWATERING10Introduction - Scope and necessity of ground improvement in Geotechnicalengineering basic concepts and philosophy. Drainage - Ground Water lowering bywell points, deep wells, vacuum and electro-osmotic methods. Stabilization bythermal and freezing techniques.UNIT IICOMPACTION AND SAND DRAINS8Insitu compaction of granular and cohesive soils, Shallow and Deep compactionmethods - sand piles – concept, design, factors influencing compaction. Blastingand dynamic consolidation – Preloading with sand drains, fabric drains, wick drainsetc. – Theories of sand drain – design and relative merits of above methods.UNIT IIISTONE COLUMN, LIME PILES AND SOIL NAILING9Stone column, lime piles – Functions – Methods of installation – design, estimation ofload carrying capacity and settlement. Root piles and soil nailing - methods ofinstallation – Design and Applications – case studies.UNIT IVEARTH REINFORCEMENT8Earth reinforcement – Principles and basic mechanism of reinforced earth, simpledesign, Synthetic and natural fibre based Geotextiles and their applications.Filtration, drainage, separation, erosion control – case studies.UNIT VGROUTING10Grouting – Types of grout – Suspension and solution grouts – Basic requirements ofgrout. Grouting equipment – injection methods - jet grouting – grout monitoring –Electro – chemical stabilization – Stabilization with cement, lime etc. – Stabilization ofexpansive clays.TOTAL: 45REFERENCES:1.Koerner, R.M., Designing with Geosynthetics, Third Edition, Prentice Hall,1997.2.Jewell, R.A., Soil Reinforcement with Geotextiles, CIRIA, London, 1996.3.Jones, J.E.P., Earth Reinforcement and Soil Structure, Butterworths, 1985.4.Ramanatha Ayyar, T.S.,
M.E. SOIL MECHANICS AND FOUNDATION ENGINEERING SEMESTER I SL. NO. COURSE CODE COURSE TITLE L T P C THEORY 1 MA9103 Applied Mathematics 3 1 0 4 2 SF9101 Theoretical Soil Mechanics 4 0 0 4 3 SF9102 Strength and Deformation Behaviour of Soils 3 0 0 3 . Graham Barnes, Soil Mechanics Principles and Practices, Macmillan Press
3 Objectives of Soil Mechanics To perform the Engineering soil surveys. To develop rational soil sampling devices and soil sampling methods. To develop suitable soil testing devices and soil testing methods. To collect and classify soils and their physical properties on the basis of fundamental knowledge of soil mechanics. To investigate the physical properties of soil and
Mechanics and Mechanics of deformable solids. The mechanics of deformable solids which is branch of applied mechanics is known by several names i.e. strength of materials, mechanics of materials etc. Mechanics of rigid bodies: The mechanics of rigid bodies is primarily concerned with the static and dynamic
Soil Map Units A soil map unit is a collection of areas defined and named the same in terms of their soil components (e.g., series) or miscellaneous areas or both –Fallsington sandy loam, 0 to 2% slopes –Marr-Dodon complex, 2 to 5% slopes Soil map units are the basic unit of a soil map Each soil map unit differs in some
hydraulic energy to shear and blend the soil in situ, creat-ing a soil cement mix of the highest quality. Our high en-ergy jet mixing system has allowed us to extend soil mix-ing to stiff, highly plastic clays and weathered rock, soils SOIL MIXING TECHNOLOGY — SINGLE AXIS Benefits of Deep Soil Mixing Efficient and cost effective method
accommodate the conditions and equipment in the Soil Mechanics Laboratory, along with the properties of New York State soils. EB 15-025 Page 6 of 81 II. GENERAL A. STANDARD PROCEDURE FOR THE PROCESSING OF SOIL SAMPLES IN THE SOIL MECHANICS LABORATORY 1. Introduction 1.1 The following procedures are intended for the orderly and accurate handling .
Abaqus built-in features enable a wide range of simulating such problems. For complex problems Abaqus can be extended via user subroutines. Several extensions for soil mechanics purposes are discussed and corresponding case studies are presented. Keywords: Abaqus, soil mechanics, soil pl
Soil Properties & Soil Compaction Page (6) Solved Problems in Soil Mechanics Ahmed S. Al-Agha 3. (Mid 2013): An earth dam require one hundred cubic meter of soil compacted with unit weight of 20.5 KN/m3 and moisture content of 8%, choose two from the three borrow pits given in the table below, knowing that the first must be one of the two borrow pits, the specific gravity of solid particles is .
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