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O'ri9.fnr la44.jOCT6MHI1942FM 23-6Copy 3WAR DEPARTMENTBASIC FIELD MANUALU. S. RIFLE, CALIBER .30M1917 (ENFIELD)August 3, 1942.Li,D, ,a'"ire'.; . i i"" "' "-.C.OTIALT:'"'. .C"PYr!; .L"",*'o41I! *·-*]'0l;'"
FM 23-6BASIC FIELD MANUALU. S. RIFLE, CALIBER .30M1917 (ENFIELD)UNITED STATESGOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICEWASHINGTON : 1942For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C.Price 35 cents
WAR DEPARTMENT,WASHINGTON, August 3, 1942.FM 23-6, Basic Field Manual, U. S. Rifle, Caliber .30, M1917(Enfield), is published for the information and guidance ofall concerned.[A. G. 062.11 (6-8-42).]BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF WAR:G. C. MARSHALL,Chief of Staff.OFFICIAL:J. A. ULIO,Major General,The Adjutant General.DISTRIBUTION:C and H (5); IBn 1 (10); IC (20).(For explanation of symbols see FM 21-6.)UI
TABLE OF CONTENTSParagraphsCHAPTER 1. Mechanical training.SECTION I.II.III.IV.V.VI.VII.VIII.Page1-61Disassembly and assembly 7-9Care and cleaning- - 10-2021-Functioning ------22Individual safety precautionsSpare parts and accessories - 23-25Instruments - - --- ---26Ammunition.---- - 27-33491820212327Description -- ---- -------CHAPTER 2. Marksmanship-known-distance targets.-- - 34-41SECTION I. General - ------------II. Preparatory marksmanship train-42-49ing -----------.------III. Qualification courses --- . 50-54IV. Range practice ----- ------- 55-57V. Equipment; known-distance targets and ranges; range precautions ------------------- .58-61VI. Small-bore practice . 62-2532358793112121CHAPTER 3. Marksmanship-moving ground targets.SECTION I.II.III.IV.66-67General.---Moving vehicles --- - 68-70Moving personnel - 71-72Moving targets, ranges, and safetyprecautions ---- - - 73-74CHAPTER 4. Marksmanship-air targets.SECTION I. Air targets for rifle 75-76II. Technique of fire - 77-81III. Antiaircraft marksmanship 82-86IV. Miniature range practice 87-90V. Towed-target firing 91-95VI. Ranges, targets, and equipment -- 96-101126127128129132132136145148151CHAPTER 5. Technique of rifle fire.SECTION I.II.III.IV.V.VI.VII.VIII.General --Range estimation - .-'target designation . --------Rifle fire and its effect -Application of fire - -Landscape-target firingField-target firing -Fire exercises 146-148162163167175178184190194149-------------- -SECTION I. General150II. Mechanical training - --knowndistanceMarksmanshipIII.151-165- targets - --- --IV. Marksmanship-air targets 166-170V. Technique of fire--- 171-177197197CHAPTER 6. Advice to instructors.INDEX -------------------------------198216222226III
FM 23-6BASIC FIELD MANUALU. S. RIFLE, CALIBER .30, 11917 (ENFIELD)CHAPTER 1MECHANICAL TRAININGSECTION I. Description 223-252627-33II. Disassembly and assembly --------------.----III. Care and cleaning ---.--------------IV. Functioning--------------V. Individual safety precautionsa-----------.VI. Spare parts and accessories ----.------------VII. Instruments -----------------------------VIII.Ammunition ---------------------SECTION IDESCRIPTION* 1. GENERAL.-The United States rifle, caliber .30, M1917 (fig.1), is a breech-loading, magazine rifle of the bolt type. It issometimes called the Enfield rifle.* 2. PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS, WEIGHTS, AND MISCELLANEOUS DATA. pounds.Weight, without bayonet -Weight, with bayonet------------------------do---.Length, without bayonet- . . - inchesLength, 'with bayonet ---------do.Diameter of bore ------------.------do--9.18710. 31246. 362. 3. 303. 0Trigger pull, minimum -----.--poundsRifling:5Number of grooves -----------------------10Twist, uniform, left hand, one turn in. inchesSight radius (distance from top offront sight to rear side of leaf,leaf raised) -------------------- do---- 31. 7631. 69Sight radius (battle sight) - do .Magazine capacity ---------rounds6· 3. REAR SIGHT.-The rear sight of this rifle has no wind gage.The leaf contains a peep sight which moves vertically on aslide, and hence makes no correction for the drift.of thebullet.The battle sight is of the peep type and is attachedto the lower end of the leaf. It is raised to position for aimingwhen the leaf is laid, and is adjusted for a range of 400 yards.1
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U.S. RIFLE, CAL.30, M19173-5The leaf is graduated from 200 to 1,600 yards. It is graduatedin multiples of 100 yards from 200 to 900 yards and in multiplesof 50 yards from 900 to 1,600 yards. (See fig. 2.)* 4. FRONT SIGHT.-The front sight is protected by wingguards, and is adjusted laterally during assembly at the arsenal. It is locked in position, after adjustment, by upsettingpart of the metal base into the lock seat with a punch.SIGHT LEAFSIGHT GRADUATIONSSIGHT SLIDE CATCHSLIDEBATTLE PEEP SIGHTPEEPSIGHTWING GUARDBATTLE PEEP SIGHTFIGURE 2.-Rear sight.* 5. RATE OF FIRE AND EFFECTIVE RANGE.-The maximum rateof accurate fire with this weapon depends upon the skill and3
5-8BASIC FIELD MANUALthe position of th6 operator and the visibility of the target.It varies with the individual's ability and practice; a welltrained soldier should be able to fire from 10 to 15 shots perminute. The effectiveness of rifle fire decreases as the rangeto the target increases. Its use at ranges greater than 600yards is unusual.H 6. NOMENCLATURE AND REFERENCES.-a. Nomenclature.-Thesoldier should be familiar with the names of those parts ofthe rifle which are frequently referred to in drill and rangepractice (figs. 1 and 3).b. References.-Safety precautions to be observed by troopsare complete in this manual. Range officers, the officer incharge of firing, and the commander responsible for thelocation of ranges and conduct of firing should refer toAR 750-10 for the location of ranges and conduct of firing.SECTION IIDISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY* 7. PLACE IN TRAINING.-Disassembly and assembly shouldbe taken up as soon as practicable after the soldier receiveshis rifle. In any event this training is completed beforethe individual does any firing with the rifle. Instruction inthe care and cleaning of the rifle is also covered before itis fired.* 8. DISASSEMBLY.-a. General.-Disassembly of the rifle bythe individual soldier is limited to that required for propercare and maintenance of the rifle. Further disassembly isdone under the supervision of an officer or by ordnance personnel. Only the following parts of the rifle may be removedby the individual soldier for the purpose of cleaning:(1) Floor plate and follower.(2) Gun sling.(3) Oiler and thong case.(4) Bolt.b. To remove and disassemble floor plate and follower.Insert the bullet end of a cartridge through the hole in thefloor plate and press down on the floor plate catch; at thesame time draw the floor plate to the .rear. with. the leftthumb. This releases the floor platewhich;-may then be4
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BASIC FIELD MANUAL8removed together with the magazine spring and follower.Raise the rear end of the magazine spring until it clearsCOCKING PIECE LUG.EXTRACTING CAMSLOTTED LOCKING LUGGAS ESCAPE HOLESEXTRACTOR COLLARCLEARANCEHALF COCKING CAMCOCKING PIECESLEEVESOLID LOCKING LUGSEXTRACTORHOOKBOLT HANDLEFIGURE 4.-Bolt.FIGURE 5.-Removing bolt.the spring stops on the floor plate and draw it out of itsmortise; in the same manner separate the magazine springfrom the follower. To assemble, proceed in reverse order.6
U. S. RIFLE, CAL.30, M19178C. To remove and disassemble bolt.-Place the butt of therifle under the right armpit, and hold the stock firmlyagainst the body with the right arm; with the left thumbpull the bolt stop to the left and at the same time raise thebolt handle and draw out the bolt to the rear. (See figs.4 and 5.) Hook a loop of strong string on the dismountinghook on the cocking piece lug and, holding the bolt in theleft hand and the string in the right, draw the cocking pieceout until the lug clears the end of the bolt (see fig. 6).COCKING CAMDISMOUNTING HOOKCOCKING PIECE LUGSEAR NOTCHFIGURE 6.-Withdrawing cocking piece.Then, by moving the right hand in a circular path counterclockwise, unscrew the sleeve, and withdraw the sleeve,cocking piece mainspring, and striker from the bolt. Graspthe sleeve with the thumb and forefinger of the left hand;place the point of the striker against a hard surface; andforce the sleeve downward, compressing the mainspring untilthe lug on the cocking piece clears the lug slot in the sleeve,as shown in figure 7. Then with the right hand rotate thecocking piece a quarter turn in either direction to disengageit from the striker, and draw it off to the rear. Relieve thespring from the stress slowly and remove it and the sleevefrom the striker, being careful that the parts do not fly fromthe hand. Turn the extractor to the right so that it coversthe gas-escape holes in the bolt; place the right thumb aboutmidway between the extractor collar and the lower end ofthe extractor and push downward and forward to force theextractor off the bolt. (See fig. 8.)7
BASIC FIELD MANUAL8COCKING PIE CEOMAIN SPalrNGSTRIKERFIGURE7.---Compressing mainspring.FIGURE 8.-Removingextractor.
U. S. RIFLE, CAL. .30, M19179-10U 9. ASSEMBLY.-To assemble and replace bolt mechanism.-a. Turn the extractor collar until its lug is on line with thegas-escape holes; insert the lug on the collar in the undercuts in the extractor by pushing the extractor to the rear untilits tongue comes in contact with the face of the bolt; pressthe hook of the extractor against some rigid object until thetongue will slide over the end of the bolt. Turn the extractorso that it lies over the unslotted or solid locking lug. (Seefig. 4.)b. Slide the mainspring over the striker. Hold the point ofthe striker against a hard surface; place the sleeve againstthe end of the spring with the flat sides in its bore coincidentwith the flat sides on the striker; force the sleeve down on thestriker, compressing the main spring. Holding the sleeve withthe mainspring fully compressed, replace the cocking pieceon the end of the striker, and lock it by a quarter turn so thatits lug is alined with the lug slot in the sleeve. Then let thesleeve return to its position slowly under action of the spring.Grasp the bolt in the left hand and start the threads on thebarrel of the sleeve into the threads in the end of the bolt.Hook the loop of string on the dismounting hook and, holdingthe ends of the string in the right hand, pull the cocking pieceout and screw the sleeve home in the bolt by turning it clockwise. (See fig. 6.)c. Hold the piece under the floor plate in the fingers of theleft hand, the thumb extending over the left side of the receiver; take the bolt in the right hand with the cocking piecelug down; press the rear end of the follower down with theleft thumb; push the bolt into the receiver; and lower thebolt handle.SECTION IIICARE AND CLEANING[ 10. IMPORTANCE.-The care and cleaning of the rifle is animportant duty to be performed by all soldiers armed with thisweapon, and the subject merits the serious consideration of allofficers. Experience has shown that the majority of thoserifles that become unserviceable do so through lack of intelligent and proper care and not from firing.9
11BASIC FIELD MANUALU 11. LUBRICANTS, CLEANING MATERIALS, AND RUST PREVENTIVES.-The following are the only materials authorized andissued for cleaning these rifles. The use of unauthorized materials such as abrasives is forbidden.Cleaner, rifle-bore.Oil, lubricating, preservative, light.Oil, lubricating, for aircraft instruments and machineguns.Compound, rust-preventive, light.Solvent, dry-cleaning.Oil, linseed, raw.Oil, neat's-foot.a. Rifle-bore cleaner.-(1) Rifle-bore cleaner is issued forcleaning the bore of the rifle after firing.This material pos-sesses rust-preventive properties and will provide temporaryprotection against rust after the bore has been cleaned withit. It is preferred, however, that the bore be dried immediately after cleaning and the metal coated lightly with lightpreservative lubricating oil.(2) Rifle bore cleaner will freeze at temperatures below320 F. If frozen, it must be thawed and shaken well beforeusing. Closed containers should not be filled more thanthree-fourths full in freezing weather, as full containerswill burst if the contents freeze.b. Light preservative lubricating oil.-This oil has rustpreventive as well as lubricating properties but cannot bedepended upon to provide protection from rust for longperiods. It is used for the lubrication of all moving partsand for short-term protection against rust of all metal partsof the rifle. Its preservative action results partly from theoily film on the metal parts a.nd partly from chemical combination of inhibitors in the oil with the metal. It willtherefore protect the metal surfaces from rust even thoughno appreciable film of oil is present on the metal parts.When used on moving parts, however, it is necessary tomaintain a thin film of oil to provide the necessary lubrication.c. Lubricating oil for aircraft instruments and machineguns.-This oil may be used for lubricating the rifles when10
U. S. RIFLE, CAL.30, M191711-12light preservative lubricating oil is not available. It is anextremely light oil which relies entirely upon maintenanceof a film to protect metal surfaces from rusting. When itis used as a preservative, the metal parts must be inspecteddaily for rust, cleaned and again lightly coated with theboil.d. Light rust-preventive compound.-This compound is issued for the protection of metal parts for long periods of timewhile the rifles are boxed and in storage. It is a sluggishliquid at about 80 F. and should be warmed before application. If heating facilities are not available, it can be brushed on to the parts at 80 F. or above.e. Dry-cleaning solvent.-This is a noncorrosive petroleumsolvent used for degreasing the rifles. It will remove grease,oil, or rust-preventive compound. It is generally applied withrag swabs to large parts and used as a bath for small parts.The:surfaces must be thoroughly dried with clean rags immediately after removal of the solvent. Gloves should be wornby persons handling such parts after cleaning to avoid leaving finger marks, which are ordinarily acid and induce corrosion. Cleaning solvent will attack and discolor rubber.f. Raw linseed oil.-This oil is used on wooden parts of therifle to prevent drying and to preserve the stocks and handguards.g. Neat's-foot oil.-This is a pale yellow animal oil. Itis used for the preservation of leather equipment such asgun slings.* 12. INSPEcTION.-Unless otherwise ordered, rifle bores atinspections will be protected with a thin film of light preservative lubricating oil. If this is not available, lubricating oilfor aircraft instruments and machine guns will be used.The mechanism of the rifles is lubricated in the same way.The oiler will be filled with light preservative lubricatingoil. If the inspector wishes to examine the rifles minutely,he may order the oil to be removed from them. When thisis done, unit commanders will see that the proper oil (asindicated above) is applied immediately after the inspection.11
13-14BASICFIELD MANUAL[ 13. DISASSEMBLY FOR CLEANING.--Only the following partsof the rifle will be removed by the soldier for the purposeof cleaning:a. Floor plate and follower.b. Gun sling.c. Oiler and thong case.d. Bolt.* 14. CARE ANDCLEANING WHEN NO FIRING IS DONE.-a. Thisincludes the ordinary care of the rifle to preserve its condition and appearance during the periods when no firing isbeing done. Rifles in the hands of troops should be inspecteddaily to insure proper condition of cleanliness. Schedulesshould allow time for cleaning rifles on each day the riflesare used in training.b. Damp air and sweaty hands induce rust. The rifleshould be cleaned and protected after every drill and aftertours of guard duty. Special care should be taken whenthe rifles have been used on rainy days.c. The bore of the rifle will always be cleaned by insertinga cleaning rod into the breech to avoid possible injury'tothe rifling at the muzzle. The bolt must be removed for thispurpose. A barrack cleaning rod should be used. The thongand brush should be used only when the barrack cleaningrod is not available. To clean the bore, assemble a clothpatch to the cleaning rod and insert into the bore at thebreech end. -Move the cleaning rod and patch forward andbackward several times through the bore and replace witha clean patch. Be sure a patch goes all the way throughthe bore before the direction is reversed. This will preventthe patch and rod from becoming stuck in the bore. Repeatuntil a patch comes out clean. This cleaning removes accumulations of dust, dirt, and thickened oil in the bore. Afterthe bore has been thoroughly cleaned, saturate a patch withlight preservative lubricating oil and push it through thebore to apply a light film, of oil. When issue patches arenot available, patches should be cut to approximately 21/2inches square to permit their passage through the bore without bending the cleaning rod.d. The chamber of the rifle must be cleaned as thoroughlyas the bore. A rough chamber may cause shells to stick.12
U. S. RIFLE, CAL. .30, M191714-16Rub the metal surfaces of the rifle, including the bolt mechanism and magazine, with a dry cloth to remove moisture,perspiration, and dirt. Then wipe with a cloth which hasbeen slightly oiled with light preservative lubricating oil.Apply a few drops of light preservative lubricating oil to allcams and working surfaces of the mechanism. To cleanthe outer surfaces of the rifle, wipe off dirt with a slightlyoiled cloth and wipe dry with a soft, clean one, using asmall cleaning brush or small stick to remove dirt fromscrewheads and crevices on the outside of the rifle.e. After cleaning and protecting the rifle as described above,place it in the rifle rack without any covering and withouta plug in the muzzle or bore. Muzzle covers, gun covers, rackcovers, and plugs must not be used because they cause sweating and promote rust. When the barracks are being swept,rifle racks should be covered to protect the rifles from dust.These covers must be removed immediately after the roomshave been swept.* 15. PREPARATORY TO FIRING.-Before firing, take the following steps to insure efficient functioning of the rifle:-a. Dismount the main groups.b. Clean the bore to remove dust, dirt, and thickened oil.Do not oil the chamber. Thoroughly clean and lightly oilall metal parts with light preservative lubricating oil. Besure to apply a thin coating of this oil to all cams and working surfaces of the mechanism, including the bolt mechanismand magazine. Assemble the rifle and rub all outer surfaceswith a lightly oiled -rag to remove all dust. Then wipe offwith a clean, dry rag.* 16. AFTER FIRING.--. The bore and chamber of the riflemust be thoroughly cleaned not later than the evening ofthe day on which the rifle is fired. They should be cleanedin
the care and cleaning of the rifle is also covered before it is fired. * 8. DISASSEMBLY.-a. General.-Disassembly of the rifle by the individual soldier is limited to that required for proper care and maintenance of the rifle. Further disassembly is done under the supervision of an officer or by ordnance per-sonnel.
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