Schaum's Outline Of Spanish Grammar - Miss Mallo

SCHAUM’Soutline ofSpanishGrammar

Mr. Schmitt has authored or co-authored the following books, all of whichare published by Schaum, McGraw-Hill or Glencoe, McGraw-Hill.SCHAUMSchaum’s Outlines SeriesGerman GrammarGerman VocabularyItalian GrammarItalian VocabularySpanish GrammarSchaum’s Communicating SeriesCommunicating in French (Novice/Elementary Level)Communicating in French (Intermediate Level)Communicating in French (Advanced Level)Communicating in German (Novice/Elementary Level)Communicating in German (Intermediate Level)Communicating in German (Advanced Level)Communicating in Spanish (Novice/Elementary Level)Communicating in Spanish (Intermediate Level)Communicating in Spanish (Advanced Level)Schaum’s Special Purpose Books in the different disciplinesen españolen françaisCiencia Política y Relaciones InternacionalesComercio y MarketingDerecho y CriminologíaEconomía y FinanzasEducación y DocenciaFinanzas y ContabilidadMedicina y Servicios MédicosTurismo y HosteleríaSociología y Servicios SocialesCommerce et MarketingDroit et CriminologieÉconomie et FinanceFinance et ComptabilitéMédecine et Soins MédicauxSociologie et Services SociauxTourisme et HôtellerieGlencoe, McGraw-HillSaludosAmistadesPerspectivasGlencoe Spanish: BienvenidosA bordoDe viaje¡Buen Viaje! Levels 1, 2, 3¡Así se dice! Levels 1, 2, 3, 4¿Cómo te va? Levels A, B, CRencontresConnaissancesIlluminationsGlencoe French: BienvenueÀ bordEn voyageBon voyage Levels 1, 2, 3

SCHAUM’Soutline ofSpanishGrammarFifth EditionConrad J. SchmittFormer Editor-in-ChiefForeign Language DepartmentMcGraw-HillSchaum’s Outline SeriesMcGRAW-HILLNew York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London MadridMexico City Milan New Delhi San JuanSeoul Singapore Sydney Toronto

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CHAPTERPREFACE00This review book has been designed and developed in order to make the study of Spanish grammar easier for the learner. The book is divided into nine chapters. Each chapter concentrates on oneof the basic problem areas of the language: nouns and articles, adjectives, verbs, negatives, interrogatives, pronouns, and three additional areas related specifically to the Spanish language, ser versusestar, por versus para, and special verb usage.Each particular grammatical or structural point is introduced by a simple, succinct explanation inEnglish. The explanation is further clarified by many concrete examples. It is recommended that youfirst read the explanation and then study the illustrative examples. Once you have done this, there isa series of exercises for each point that you can write out in order to practice the particular grammatical point. The best way to learn a language is to practice it – both in oral and written form. Theanswers to each exercise appear at the end of the book. It is recommended that you correct yourselfimmediately before proceeding to the next exercise.One of the most difficult and tedious tasks in acquiring a second language is to learn the manyforms that exist in the language, whether they are noun, adjective, or verb forms. In this book allforms have been logically grouped in order to make their acquisition as simple as possible and alsoto minimize what at first appear to be irregularities. In many texts, the verbs dar, ir, and estar aretreated as separate irregular verbs in the present tense. You will note, however, that when these threeverbs are grouped together they have a great deal in common. Once the first person form (I) is learned,they function the same as any regular -ar verb.doyvoyestoydas, da, damos, danvas, va, vamos, vanestás, está, estamos, estánThis can be done with many verbs in all tenses. Making such groupings will greatly facilitate yourtask of mastering the many forms.This book can be used as a review text or as a companion to any basic text. In order to reinforceeach point you are learning in your basic text, you may wish to get additional practice by doing theclear, logically organized exercises provided throughout the book.Conrad J. Schmittvv

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CONTENTSCHAPTER 1Nouns and Articles1Nouns1Nouns ending in -o, -a. Nouns ending in -dad, -tad, -tud, -umbre,-ción, -sión. Nouns ending in -sis. Feminine nouns beginningwith a-. Masculine nouns ending in -a. Nouns ending in -ista. Nounsending in -e. Nouns that change gender. Irregular nouns ending in -o.Nouns that end in -or, -ora. Compound nouns. Diminutives andaugmentatives. Nouns ending in -ón. Foreign words.The Indefinite ArticleUses of the Definite Article1112With general or abstract nouns. With titles. With languages.With days of the week and seasons. With parts of the body andarticles of clothing. With weights and measures. Contractions ofthe definite article.Special Use of the Indefinite Article with serA PersonalOmission of the Indefinite ArticleCHAPTER 2151516Adjectives18Adjectives Ending in -oAdjectives Ending in -eAdjectives Ending in ConsonantsAdjectives of NationalitySpecial Adjectives Ending in a ConsonantApocopated AdjectivesAdjectives of ColorComparativeSuperlativeIrregular Comparatives and SuperlativesAdjectives with -ísimoComparative of Equality181920202122232425262627Comparative of equality with nouns.Cardinal NumbersOrdinal NumbersFormation of Nouns from AdjectivesPossessive AdjectivesDemonstrative AdjectivesExpressions ¡Qué! ¡Tal!Formation of Adverbs28292930313233vii

viiiCHAPTER 3CONTENTSVerbsFormal versus Familiar FormsEl voseoPresent Tense35353536Regular first conjugation verbs. Ir, dar, estar. Regular second conjugationverbs. Regular third conjugation verbs. Irregular verbs. First-classstem-changing verbs: e–ie, o–ue. Second-class stem-changing verbs:e–ie, o–ue. Third-class stem-changing verbs: e–i. Verbs ending in -uir.Special uses of the present tense.Imperfect Tense55Regular -ar verbs. Regular -er and -ir verbs. Irregular verbs.Uses of the Imperfect Tense58Continuing action. Mental activity. Description in the past. Reminiscingor stream of conciousness. Reminiscing. Stream of conciousness.With the time expression hacía.Preterite Tense61Regular -ar verbs. Regular -er and -ir verbs. The verb dar. Second-classstem-changing verbs. Third-class stem-changing verbs. Verbs with y stem.Irregular verbs.Uses of the Preterite70Completed past action. Verbs with special meanings. Differences betweenpreterite and imperfect.Future Tense73Ir a with infinitive. Regular verbs. Irregular verbs.Conditional76Regular verbs. Irregular verbs.Special Uses of the Future and Conditional77Indirect discourse.Compound Tenses78Formation of the past participle.Present PerfectPluperfectPreterite PerfectFuture PerfectConditional PerfectThe SubjunctiveFormation of the Present Subjunctive79808181818283Regular verbs. Stem-changing verbs. Irregular verbs.Uses of the Present Subjunctive85In noun clauses. With impersonal expressions. With expressionsof doubt. Verbs like aconsejar, pedir, rogar. In relative clauses. Afterpor . que. In indefinite expressions with . quiera.The Imperfect SubjunctiveFormation of the Imperfect SubjunctiveUses of the Imperfect Subjunctive919293In noun clauses. With impersonal expressions. In relative clauses.The Subjunctive with Adverbial Conjunctions95Conjunctions of time. With aunque. Other conjunctions. Conjunctions ofpurpose. ¡Quizá(s)!, ¡Tal Vez!. ¡Ojalá!. Quisiera. General note on imperfectsubjunctive.Present Perfect Subjunctive99

ixCONTENTSPluperfect SubjunctiveSí ClausesThe Imperative99100101Formal commands. Familiar commands. First-person pluralcommand (let’s).The Present ParticipleProgressive Tenses107108Present progressive. Imperfect progressive.Reflexive Verbs109Formation. Special note concerning reflexive verbs. Reflexive versusnonreflexive. Reciprocal verbs.Special Uses of the Infinitive112After a preposition. After an auxiliary. As a noun.Passive Voice113With ser. With se.CHAPTER 4NegativesMaking a Sentence NegativeCommon Negative Words115115116Tampoco. Sino.Special Negative ExpressionsCHAPTER 5InterrogativesCommon Interrogative Words117118118Cuál, cuáles. Cuál versus qué.CHAPTER 6PronounsSubject PronounsDirect Object Pronouns121121122Lo, los, la, las.Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns123Me, te, nos.Indirect Object Pronouns124Le, les. Le for les. Leísmo.Double Object Pronouns126Me lo, te lo, nos lo. Se lo.Position of Object Pronouns127With conjugated verbs. With infinitives. With present participles.With commands.Special Verbs with Indirect ObjectsReflexive Pronouns131132With an indirect object pronoun.Prepositional PronounsPossessive PronounsDemonstrative PronounsRelative PronounsQue. A quien, a quienes. El que, la que. With prepositions. Lo que. Cuyo.133134135135