IEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Standards For Industrial .

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IEC Electromagnetic Compatibility Standards forIndustrial Process Measurement and Control EquipmentApplication NoteJanuary 1998IntroductionAN9734TEST SEVERITY LEVELThe purpose of the International ElectrotechnicalCommission lEC 1000-4 (previously known as lEC-801)standard is to establish a common reference for evaluatingthe performance of industrial-process measurement andcontrol instrumentation when exposed to electric orelectromagnetic interference. The types of interferenceconsidered are those arising from sources external to theequipment.The interference susceptibility tests are essentially designedto demonstrate the capability of equipment to functioncorrectly when installed in its working environment. The typeof test required should be determined on the basis of theinterference to which the equipment may be exposed wheninstalled while taking into consideration the electrical circuit(i.e., the way the circuit and shields are tied to earth ground),the quality of shielding applied, and the environment inwhich the system is required to work.The lEC 1000-4 standard is divided into six sections:lEC 1000-4-1.IntroductionlEC 1000-4-2.Electrostatic Discharge RequirementslEC 1000-4-3.Radiated Electromagnetic FieldRequirementslEC 1000-4-4.Electrical Fast Transient (Burst) RequirementslEC 1000-4-5.Surge Voltage Immunity RequirementslEC 1000-4-6.Immunity to Conducted DisturbancesInduced by Radio Frequency FieldsAbove 9kHzSections lEC 1000-4-2 through lEC 1000-4-5 will bediscussed in this application note.LEVELTEST VOLTAGE:CONTACT DISCHARGETEST VOLTAGE:AIR ialNOTES:1. “X” is an open level.2. The test severity levels shall be selected in accordance with themost realistic installation and environmental conditions.Electrostatic Discharge (ESD)RequirementsThe purpose of this test is to find the reaction of theequipment when subjected to electrostatic discharges whichmay occur from personnel to objects near vitalinstrumentation.In order to test the equipment’s susceptibility to ESD, the testsetup conditions must be established. Direct and indirectapplication of discharges to the Equipment Under Test (EUT)are possible, in the following manner:a) Contact discharges to the conductive surfaces and tocoupling planes.b) Air discharge at insulating surfaces.Two different types of tests can be conducted:1. Type (conformance) tests performed in laboratories.2. Post installation tests performed on equipment in itsinstalled conditions.CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ESD GENERATORLEVELINDICATEDVOLTAGEFIRST PEAK CURRENT OFDISCHARGE ( 10%)RISE TIME WITHDISCHARGE SWITCHCURRENT AT30ns ( 30%)CURRENT AT60ns ( 30%)12kV7.5A0.7 to 1ns4A2A24kV15A0.7 to 1ns8A4A36kV22.5A0.7 to 1ns12A6A48kV30A0.7 to 1ns16A8A10-761-800-999-9445 or 1-847-824-1188 Copyright Littelfuse, Inc. 1998

Application Note 9734TYPICAL POSITION FORDIRECT APPLICATIONTYPICAL POSITION FORINDIRECT DISCHARGE TO VCPHORIZONTAL COUPLING PLANS1.6m x 0.8mTYPICAL POSITION FORINDIRECT DISCHARGE TO HCPINSULATION5m0.x P5m C0. V0.1mPOWERSUPPLY470kΩRESISTORWOODEN TABLE 0.8m HIGHGROUND REFERENCE PLANEFIGURE 1. EXAMPLE OF TEST SETUP FOR TABLETOP EQUIPMENT, LABORATORY TESTSTYPICAL POSITION FORDIRECT APPLICATIONINDIRECT DISCHARGE BY VCPTYPICAL POSITION FORDISCHARGE TO VCPPROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR0.1m5m0.x P5m VC.0POWERCABLE470kΩPOWER SUPPLYPOWER SUPPLYINSULATION10cm PALLETGROUND REFERENCEPLANESIGNALCABLESFIGURE 2. EXAMPLE OF TEST SETUP FOR FLOOR STANDING EQUIPMENT, LABORATORY TESTS10-77

Application Note 97340.3mPROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR2mPOWER SUPPLYGROUND REFERENCEPLANEFIGURE 3. EXAMPLE OF TEST SETUP FOR EQUIPMENT, POST-INSTALLATION TESTSThe only accepted method of demonstrating conformance tothe standard is the of type tests performed in laboratories.The EUT, however, shall be arranged as closely as possibleto the actual installation conditions.Examples of laboratory ESD test setups can be seen inFigure 1 for tabletop equipment and in Figure 2 for floorstanding equipment.Post installation tests are optional and not mandatory forcertification. If a manufacturer and customer agree postinstallation tests are required, a typical test setup can befound in Figure 3.and surfaces of the EUT which are accessible to thehuman operator during normal usage. Indirect application of the discharge: Discharges to objectsplaced or installed near the EUT shall be simulated byapplying the discharges to a coupling plane (a horizontalcoupling plane under the EUT or a vertical couplingplane).Test ResultsThe results of the ESD tests are reported as follows:1. Normal performance within the specification limits.2. Temporary degradation or loss of function or performancewhich is self-recoverable.Test Procedure For conformance testing, the EUT shall be continuallyoperated in its most sensitive mode which shall bedetermined by preliminary testing. The test voltage shall be increased from the minimum tothe selected test severity level. Number: at least 10 single discharges (in the mostsensitive polarity). Time interval: initial value 1 second, longer intervals maybe necessary. Direct application of discharge to the EUT: The staticelectricity discharges shall be applied only to those points10-783. Temporary degradation or loss of function or performancewhich requires operator intervention or system reset.4. Degradation or loss of function which is not recoverable,due to damage of equipment (component) or software, orloss of date.lEC 1000-4-3Radiated Electromagnetic Field RequirementsThis test shows the susceptibility of instrumentation whensubjected to electromagnetic fields such as those generatedby portable radio transceivers or any other device that willgenerate continuous wave (CW) radiated electromagneticenergy.

Application Note 9734TEST SEVERITY LEVELSFrequency band: 27MHz to 500MHzSmall objects (25cm x 25cm x 25cm) can be tested using astripline antennae. This is a parallel plate transmission line togenerate an electromagnetic field as shown in Figure 6.LEVELTEST FIELD STRENGTH (V/M)11Test Procedure23 The test is performed with the EUT in the most sensitivephysical orientation.310XSpecialNOTES: The frequency range is swept from 27 MHz to 500 MHz.The sweep rate is in the order of 1.5 x 10-3 decades/s.Test Results3. “X” is an open class.4. The test severity levels shall be selected in accordance with theelectromagnetic radiation environment to which the EUT may beexposed when finally installed.Test SetupExamples of the test configuration for radiatedelectromagnetic fields can be found in Figure 4 and Figure 5. The procedure requires the generation of electromagneticfields within which the test sample is placed and its operationobserved. The tests shall be carried out in a shieldedenclosure or anechoic chamber The test procedure assumesthe use of biconical and log-spiral antennae or stripline. All testing of the equipment shall be performed inconditions as close as possible to the actual installation.The results of the radiated electromagnetic field include: The effect of the electromagnetic field on the output of theEUT- As a consistent measurable effect.- As a random effect, not repeatable, and possibly furtherclassified as a transient effect occurring during theapplication of the electromagnetic field and as apermanent or semipermanent field after the applicationof the electromagnetic field. Any damage to the EUT resulting from the application ofthe electromagnetic field.The qualitative evaluation of the resultant data needs to beassessed in terms of the existing local ambientelectromagnetic level and the specific operating frequencies.FIGURE 4. TEST SETUP FOR RADIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD TESTS IN A SHIELDED ROOM WHERE THE ANTENNAE, FIELDSTRENGTH MONITORS AND EUT ARE INSIDE AND THE MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTARE OUTSIDE THE SHIELDED ROOM10-79

EU 4.TApplication Note IELD IGURE 5. TEST SETUP FOR RADIATED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD TESTS IN AN ANECHOIC CHAMBER, GENERALARRANGEMENT OF THE EUT, FIELD STRENGTH MONITOR AND ANTENNAETERMINAL STRIPFOAM PLASTICSECTION VIEWMETAL BOX WITH FILTERSWOODEN PLANKSUPPLY, INPUT AND OUTPUTCABLES (3 2 2 WIRES)TERMINAL STRIP (SEE FIGURE 5)EQUIPMENTUNDER TESTSEE FIGURE 3SUPPORT OFFOAMPLASTICALL CABLESARE TWISTEDRF MEASURINGPROBESEE FIGURE 3FRAMEWORK OF WOODENBEAMS (SECTION 50 x 50)WOODEN PLANK(SECTION 50 x 10)TERMINAL STRIP(9 TAGS)BLOCKS OF WOOD(DIMENSIONS 400 x 200 x 125)EARTHNOTE: Dimensions in millimeters.FIGURE 6. TEST SETUP WITH STRIPLINE CIRCUIT10-80

Application Note 9734lEC 1000-4-4Characteristics of the Fast Transient/BurstGeneratorElectrical Fast Transient (Burst) RequirementsThis test is intended to demonstrate the immunity of theequipment when subjected to interference originating fromswitching transients.TEST SEVERITY LEVELSOpen circuit output test voltage: Rise time of one pulse: 5ns 30% Impulse duration (50% value): 50ns 30% Repetition rate of the impulses and peak values of theoutput voltage:5kHz 20% at 0.125kV5kHz 20% at 0.25kV5kHz 20% at 0.5kV5kHz 20% at 1.0kV5kHz 20% at 2.0kVLEVELON POWER SUPPLYON INPUT/OUTPUTSIGNAL DATA ANDCONTROL LINES10.5kV0.25kV Burst duration: 15ms 20%21kV0.5kV Burst period: 300ms 20%32kV1kV44kV2kVXSpecialSpecialTest SetupFor laboratory testing, the test setup for type testing can beshown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.NOTES: Power supply lines (See Figure 7): If the line current ishigher than 100A, the “field test” shall be used.5. “X” is an open level.6. The test severity levels shall be selected in accordance with themost realistic installation and environmental conditions. Earth connections of the cabinets: The test point on thecabinet shall be the terminal for the protective earthconductor (See Figure 7). Input/Output circuits and communication lines (SeeFigure 8).PE PROTECTIVE EARTHN NEUTRALL1, L2, L3 PHASE LINESDC TERMINALS SHALL BE TREATED IN A SIMILAR WAYCUTEFT/B GENERATOR 1mI 1m (CABLE)POWERSUPPLYCCL1, L2, GSUPPORTGROUNDING CONNECTIONACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’SSPECIFICATION. LENGTH TO BESPECIFIED IN THE TEST PLANFILTERINGREFERENCE GROUND PLANECC COUPLING CAPACITORS 33nFZ1 DECOUPLING INDUCTOR 100µHFIGURE 7. EXAMPLE OF TEST SETUP FOR DIRECT COUPLING OF THE TEST VOLTAGE TO AC/DC POWER SUPPLYLINES/TERMINALS FOR LABORATORY TEST PURPOSES10-81AC/DCMAINSSUPPLY

Application Note 9734lEC 1000-4-4the power supply terminals, AC or DC, and on theterminals for the protective or function earth on thecabinet of the EUT. (See Figure 9).- Non-stationary mounted EUT, connected to the mainssupply by flexible cord and plugs: The test voltage shallbe applied between each of the power supplyconductors and the protective earth at the power supplyoutlet to which the EUT is to be connected. (See Figure10).Electrical Fast Transient (Burst) RequirementsFor field testing, the equipment or system shall be tested in thefinal installed conditions without coupling/decoupling networks. Power supply lines and protective earth terminals- Stationary, floor-mounted EUT: The test voltage shall beapplied between a reference ground plane and each of- WHEN BOTH EUT ARE TESTED SIMULTANEOUSLY:I1 I2 1m BETWEEN CLAMP AND EUT TO BETESTEDEUT- WHEN ONE EUT ONLY IS TESTED:I1 MIN 5m ORI2 5 x I1 FOR DECOUPLING PURPOSESEUTAC MAINS SUPPLYAC MAINS SUPPLYCAPACITIVECOUPLING CLAMP0.1m0.1m0.1mINSULATING SUPPORTGROUNDING CONNECTIONACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’SSPECIFICATION. LENGTH TO BESPECIFIED IN THE TEST PLANREFERENCE GROUND PLANETO EFT/B GENERATORINSULATINGSUPPORTGROUNDING CONNECTIONACCORDING TO MANUFACTURER’SSPECIFICATION. LENGTH TO BESPECIFIED IN THE TEST PLANFIGURE 8. EXAMPLE OF TEST SETUP FOR APPLICATION OF THE TEST VOLTAGE BY THE CAPACITIVE COUPLING CLAMP FORLABORATORY TEST PURPOSESPE PROTECTIVE EARTHN NEUTRALL1, L2, L3 PHASE LINESPEAC MAINS SUPPLY (BLOCKING CAPACITORS IF NECESSARY)2,L3NTEST POINTPE TERMINAL ONTHE CABINETL1,LEUT33nF †TO PERIPHERALSEFT/BTEST GENERATORAC MAINS SUPPLYI 1mFLOORGROUNDING CONNECTION ACCORDINGTO MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION. LENGTHTO BE SPECIFIED IN THE TEST PLANGROUND PLANEPROTECTIVE EARTHFLOOR†DC terminals shall be treated in a similar way.FIGURE 9. EXAMPLE OF FIELD TEST ON AC/DC POWER SUPPLY LINES AND PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINALS FOR STATIONARY,FLOOR MOUNTED EUT10-82

Application Note 9734 Input/Output circuits and communication lines:- A capacitive clamp shall be used for coupling the testvoltage into the lines. However, if the clamp cannot beused due to mechanical problems in the cabling, it maybe replaced by a tape or a conductive foil enveloping thelines under test. (See Figure 11).Test Procedure Polarity of the test voltage: both polarities are mandatory Duration of the test: at least 1 minuteNORMAL PLUG PROVIDED FOR CONNECTIONOF THE EUT TO THE POWER SUPPLYFROM EFT/BTEST GENERATORTO AC MAINS SUPPLYTO PERIPHERALSFILTERINGEUTZ1CCAC MAINS INTERCONNECTIONCCLZ1CCZ1NI 1mPROTECTIVE EARTHPETABLE (WOODEN)PROTECTIVE EARTHACCORDING TOSYSTEM INSTALLATIONCOUPLING/DECOUPLINGDEVICECC COUPLING CAPACITORS 33nFZ1 DECOUPLING INDUCTOR 100µHFIGURE 10. EXAMPLE OF FIELD TEST ON AC MAINS SUPPLY AND PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINALS FOR NON-STATIONARYMOUNTED EUTEUTCABLETRAYCOMMUNICATION LINESI/O CIRCUITSTHIS CONNECTIONSHALL BE AS SHORTAS POSSIBLEAC MAINS SUPPLYPROTECTIVE EARTHFLOORFLOORTHE COUPLING DEVICE SHALL BE A CONDUCTIVE TAPE OR AMETALLIC FOIL IN PARALLEL OR WRAPPED AROUND AS CLOSELYAS POSSIBLE TO THE CABLES OR LINES TO BE TESTED.THE COUPLING CAPACITANCE OF THIS ARRANGEMENT SHALL BEEQUIVALENT TO THAT OF THE COUPLING CLAMP.EFT/BGENERATORFIGURE 11. EXAMPLE OF FIELD TEST ON COMMUNICATIONS AND I/O CIRCUITS WITHOUT THE CAPACITIVE COUPLING CLAMP10-83

Application Note 9734Test ResultslEC 1000-4-5The results are reported as:Surge Voltage Immunity Requirements1. Normal performance within the specification limits.The goal of the laboratory test is to determine theequipment’s susceptibility to damage caused by overvoltagesurges caused by circuit switching and lightning strikes.2. Temporary degradation or loss of function or performancewhich is self-recoverable.3. Temporary degradation or loss of function or performancewhich requires operator intervention or system reset.4. Degradation or loss of function which is not recoverable,due to damage of equipment (component) or software, orloss of data.TEST SEVERITY LEVELSUNSYM LINESLONG DATA BUSPOWER SUPPLYCLASSLINE TO LINEZ 2LINE TO GROUNDZ 12LINE TO LINEZ 420SYMMETRICALLINESDATA BUSSHORT (DIST)LINE TO GROUND LINE TO GROUNDZ 42Z 42LINE TO GROUNDNo Test is 4.0kV--5(Note 8)(Note 8)2.0kV4.0kV4.0kV-XSpecialNOTES:7. Z is the source impedance.8. Depends on the class of the local power supply system. “X” is an open level that has to be specified in the product specification.The class depends on the installation conditions.Characteristics of the Test Instrumentation Combination wave test generator- Open circuit output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5kV to 4.0kV- Short circuit output current . . . . . . . . . . 0.25kA to 2.0kAIN ACCORDANCEWITH IEC60-2 Test generator 10/700 µs (according to CCITT):- Open circuit output voltage . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5kV to 4.0kV- Short circuit output current . . . . . . . . . . . 12.5A to 100AIN ACCORDANCEWITH IEC469-1FRONTTIMETIME TOHALFVALUERISE TIME(10%-90%)DURATION(50%-50%)Open CircuitVoltage1.2µs50µs1 µs50µsShort CircuitCurrent8µs20µs6.4µs16µsIN ACCORDANCEWITH IEC60-2IN ACCORDANCEWITH IEC469-1FRONTTIMETIME TOHALFVALUERISE TIME(10%-90%)DURATION(50%-50%)Open CircuitVoltage10µs700µs6.5µs700µsShort CircuitCurrent--4 µs300µsNOTE: The surges (and test generators) related to the differentclasses are:Class 1 to 4: 1.2/50µs (8/20µs)Class 5:1.2/50µs (8/20ms) and 10/700µs10-84

Application Note 9734Test SetupA decoupling network is used to prevent surge energy frombeing propagated to the other equipment operating from thesame source during testing of the EUT. The test setup forevaluating the EUT power supply is shown in Figures 12 15. A capacitive coupling network (preferred) or an inductivecoupling network is used for this test.The test setup for evaluating the unshielded interconnectionlines of the EUT is illustrated in Figures 16-20. Usually,capacitive coupling is used, but inductive coupling orcoupling via gas discharge tube (GDT) surge arrestors isalso possible.COMBINATION WAVEGENERATORCOMBINATIONWAVE GENERATORRR 10ΩCC 9µFDECOUPLING NETWORKDECOUPLING NETWORKLL 20mHC 18µFAC (DC) LPOWERSUPPLY NNETWORKPEL 20mHEUTAC (DC)POWER NSUPPLYNETWORKEUTPEGROUND REFERENCEGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 12. TEST SETUP FOR CAPACITIVE COUPLING ONAC/DC LINES; LINE TO LINE COUPLINGACCORDING TO 7.2FIGURE 13. TEST SETUP FOR CAPACITIVE COUPLING ONAC/DC LINES; LINE TO GROUND COUPLINGACCORDING TO 7.2 (GENERATOR OUTPUTFLOATING OR EARTHED)COMBINATION WAVEGENERATORDECOUPLING NETWORKC 18µFL 20mHL1AC (DC) POWERSUPPLY NETWORKL2L3EUTNPEGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 14. TEST SETUP FOR CAPACITIVE COUPLING ON AC LINES (3 PHASES); LINE TO LINE COUPLING ACCORDING TO 7.210-85

Application Note 9734COMBINATION WAVEGENERATORRRRRCCCCR 10ΩC 9µFDECOUPLING NETWORKL 20mHL1AC (DC) POWERSUPPLY NETWORKL2L3EUTNPEGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 15. TEST SETUP FOR CAPACITIVE COUPLING ON AC LINES (3 PHASES); LINE TO GROUND COUPLING ACCORDING TO 7.2COMBINATION WAVEGENERATORR 40ΩC 0.5µFDECOUPLINGNETWORKAUX.EQU.C 0.5µFPROT.EQU.EUTL 20mH RLGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 16. TEST SETUP FOR UNSHIELDED INTERCONNECTION LINES; LINE TO LINE COUPLING ACCORDING TO 7.3;COUPLING VIA CAPACITORSCOMBINATION .EQU.R 40ΩC 0.5µFEUTL 20mH RLGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 17. TEST SETUP FOR UNSHIELDED INTERCONNECTION LINES; LINE TO GROUND COUPLING TO 7.3; COUPLING VIACAPACITORS10-86

Application Note 9734COMBINATION WAVEGENERATORCOMBINATION WAVEGENERATORR 40ΩR ECTIONLINEAUX.EQU.EUTPROT.EQU.EUTGROUND REFERENCEGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 18. TEST SETUP FOR UNSHEILDEDINTERCONNECTION LINES; LINE TO LINECOUPLING ACCORDING TO 7.3; INDUCTIVECOUPLING FOR HIGH IMPEDANCE CIRCUITSFIGURE 19. SIMPLIFIED TEST SETUP FOR UNSHIELDEDINTERCONNECTION LINES; LINE TO GROUNDCOUPLING ACCORDING TO 7.3; INDUCTIVECOUPLING FOR LOW IMPEDANCE CIRCUITSCOMBINATION WAVEGENERATORR 40Ω01SWITCH S LINE TO GROUND: POSITION 0 LINE TO LINE: POSITIONS 1 TO 4SDECOUPLINGNETWORKAUX.EQU.234C 0.1µF for frequencies of the transmissionsignal below 5kHz; at higher frequencies nocapacitors are used.CPROT.EQU.EUTL 20mH RLGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 20. TEST SETUP FOR UNSHIELDED UNSYMMETRICALLY OPERATED LINES; LINE TO GROUND COUPLING ACCORDING TO7.3; COUPLING VIA GAS ARRESTORS10-87

Application Note 9734TEST GENERATORThe internal matching resistor Rm2 (25Ω)is replaced by external Rm2 n x 25Ωper conductor (for n conductors, n greater than 2).Rm2Example for n 4:Rm2 4 x 25 100ΩRm2 shall not exceed 250Ω01SWITCH S LINE TO GROUND: POSITION 0 LINE TO LINE: POSITIONS 1 TO 4S234DECOUPLINGNETWORKAUX.EQU.C 0.1µF for frequencies of the transmissionsignal below 5kHz; at higher frequencies nocapacitors are used.CPROT.EQU.EUTL 20mH RLGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 21. TEST SETUP FOR UNSHIELDED SYMMETRY OPERATED LINES (TELECOMMUNICATION LINES); LINE TO GROUNDCOUPLING ACCORDING TO 7.4; COUPLING VIA GAS ARRESTORSDECOUPLING NETWORKLNPOWERSUPPLYNETWORKPEEUT 2XXXXXXXEUT 1XXXXXXXCOMBINATIONWAVEGENERATORGROUND REFERENCEFIGURE 22. TEST SETUP FOR TESTS APPLIED TO SHIELDED LINES AND TO APPLY POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES ACCORDING TO 7.5AND 7.6; GALVANIC COUPLINGTest ProcedureTest Results Number of tests: at least 5 positive and 5 negative at theselected points.The results of the test are reported as follows: Pulse repetition: Max. 1/min. The maximum repetition rat

lEC 1000-4-3. Radiated Electromagnetic Field Requirements lEC 1000-4-4. Electrical Fast Transient (Burst) Requirements lEC 1000-4-5. Surge Voltage Immunity Requirements lEC 1000-4-6. Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields Above 9kHz Sections lEC 1000-4-2 through lEC 1000-4-

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