INTRODUCTION TO LATHE (SAFETY, PARTS & OPERATION)

INTRODUCTION TO LATHE (SAFETY, PARTS & OPERATION)This material was produced under Susan Harwood grant number SH-31214-SH7 Occupational Safetyand Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. The contents in this presentation do notnecessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does the mention oftrade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.CONTENTVISUALSTRAINER NOTES1SAFETY FIRST2WHO IS OSHAExplain who OSHA is andWith the Occupational Safety and Healthits role in ensuring safeAct of 1970, Congress createdand healthful workingthe Occupational Safety and HealthconditionsAdministration (OSHA) to assure safe andhealthful working conditions for workingmen and women by setting and enforcingstandards and by providing training,outreach, education and assistance.ORGANIZATIONOSHA is part of the United StatesDepartment of Labor. The administratorfor OSHA is the Assistant Secretary ofLabor for Occupational Safety and Health.OSHA's administrator answers tothe Secretary of Labor, who is a memberof the cabinet of the President of theUnited States.3KNOW YOUR RIGHTSRead the rights to theUnder federal law, you are entitled to atrainees and point them tosafe workplace. Your employer mustthe posters availableprovide a workplace free of known healtharound the workplaceand safety hazards. If you have concerns,where they can refer to foryou have the right to speak up aboutmore information.them without fear of retaliation. You alsoExtra resources can behave the right to:found at Be trained in a language nd Work on machines that are safe Be provided required safety gear, suchas gloves or a harness and lifeline forfalls Be protected from toxic chemicals Request an OSHA inspection, andspeak to the inspector Report an injury or illness, and getcopies of your medical records See copies of the workplace injury and

456illness log Review records of work-relatedinjuries and illnesses Get copies of test results done to findhazards in the workplaceINTRODUCTION TO LATHE(Machine Guarding)WHAT IS MACHINE GUARDINGA means of shielding employees frommoving or flying parts and preventingthem from accidentally coming intocontact with moving pieces of equipmentMACHINE-RELATED INJURIESPossible machinery-related injuriesinclude: Crushed fingers or hands Amputations Burns BlindnessA good rule to remember is: Any machinepart, function, or process which maycause injury must be safeguardedMany accidents resultfrom persons working on,or around, movingmachinery. Theseaccidents could have beenprevented by theinstallation and propermaintenance of guarding.The goal of this training isto make the guarding of allequipment as easilyunderstood as possibleand re-inforce the safeworking procedures thatmust always be in placearound dangerousequipment.This list of accidents is aslong as it is horrifying.Safeguards are essentialfor protecting workersfrom needless andpreventable injuries.Where the operation of amachine can injure theoperator or other workers,the hazard must becontrolled or eliminated.

National EmphasisProgram on Amputations*.CPL 03-00-019, (August 13,2015). Describes policiesand procedures forimplementing a NationalEmphasis Program (NEP)to identify and to reduceworkplace machinery andequipment hazards whichare causing or likely tocause each/construction generalindustry/gi outreach other/7MACHINERY ACCIDENTSExamples of how machine accidents canoccur:Hazardous conditionsMissing or loose machine guardsHuman actionsReaching-in to “clear” equipmentUnauthorized persons doing maintenanceor using the machines8BASIC MACHINERY PARTSAND HAZARDSThree fundamental machine areas: Point of operation Power transmission device Other moving parts – Operatingcontrols such as mechanical or electricpower control“All machines consist ofthree fundamental areas:the point of operation, thepower transmissiondevice, and the operatingcontrols. Despite allmachines having the samebasic components, theirsafeguarding needs widely

differ due to varyingphysical characteristics andoperator involvement”(OSHA 2007).OSHA Machine GuardingeTool ntro.htmlHAZARD TYPES(4 slides) Point of Operation Nip Points and Rotating Parts Flying ChipsThese hazards exist on theLathe and they need to beguarded.10POTENTIAL HAZARDSThe primary hazards oflathes are contact withrotating parts and contactat the point of operation.An operator can be pulledinto the lathe fromworking too close, orwearing gloves, looseclothing, loose hair, orjewelry. Trapping spacesare also created betweenthe cutting tool, itsmounting, and theworkpiece or chuck.Projected parts or materialsuch as chuck keys,unsecured workpieces,flying chips and coolantalso strike or presenthazards to the operator.11PREVENTING INJURIES ANDAMPUTATIONSAny user needs to havetaken the in person Lathe9Explain that the Point ofOperation is where thework is being done on themachine. In this case it iswhere the cutting toolcontacts the workmaterial.

12 Do not remove any guards, or otherdevices. Always use the flip down clear guardto protect against flying chips or workpieces. Make sure that that spindle nosecover is on the machine when a chuckis not in use. This protects operatorsfrom point of operation contact. Make sure to always put the colletcloser guard down before starting thelathe. This protects the users fromrotational hazards. Do not operate the lathe unless youare trained and authorized to operatethe machine Move the carriage back to a safedistance when loading or unloadingparts and measuring the work. If performing service and maintenanceactivities follow lock out tag outproceduresSAFETY PRECAUTIONS I Be sure the work and holdingdevice are firmly attached Turn spindle by hand using thehand wheel, with lathe turnedOFF, to be sure there is no dangerof striking any part of the latheIntroduction session to usethe machine.If the Emergency Stopswitch is engaged, pull itout to reset it.If a measurement needs tobe made or a tool needs tobe changed turn thespindle off.Do not reach in while thecutting tool is rotating.If the lathe ismalfunctioning orsomething isn’t workingright let one of the shopstaff know.Anyone operating thelathe must make sure thattheir work piece andholding devices aresecurely mounted to themachine.Replace picturewith one that hasthe spindle nosecover on it13SAFETY PRECAUTIONS II Keep machine clear of tools. Toolsmust not be placed on the ways ofthe lathe Stop lathe before making anymeasurements, adjustments, orcleaning Support all work solidly. Do notpermit small diameter work toproject too far from chuck (notIt is a good idea tomanually rotate thespindle of the lathe tomake sure that the workpiece or holding devicedoes not strike anything onthe lathe, especially forlarge work pieces.Do not leave tools on theways of apron of themachine the can get struckby the work piece orholding device.Never reach in towards thePoint of Operation whilethe spindle is turning.

over 3X the work's diameter)without support1415Work pieces that need toextend more than 3 X thediameter need to besupported so that thepiece will not have thechance to whip aroundwhile the work is beingperformed.Users always need to makesure that they movecutting tools andattachments out of theway before moving theirwork pieces so that theyremove the risk ofaccidental cuts or injury.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS III If work must be repositioned orremoved from the lathe. Movecutting tool clear of work toprevent any accidental injuries You should always be aware ofdirection of travel and speed ofcarriage before you engageautomatic feedWhen using the powerfeed on the machine usersmust always know whichway the machine willtravel so that injury ormachine crashes do notoccur.SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IV Chips are sharp. Do not attempt toremove them with your handwhen they become “stringy” andbuild up on tool post or workpiece. Stop machine and removethem with pliersReplace picturewith one that hasthe spindle nosecover on it.16SAFETY PRECAUTIONS V Stop lathe immediately if any oddnoise or vibration develops. If youcannot locate source of thetrouble, get help from instructor.Under no circumstance should theLathe chips may not seemdangerous, but they aresharp and can cause cuts.Chips can also be hot so donot attempt to catch thechips while cutting. Do notallow chips to run throughhands or fingers while themachine is running.Serious injury can result.Long stringy chips are alsodangerous. If these occurshut off the power feedand the spindle andremove them with pliers.If the lathe starts makingodd noises or vibratingstop the machine and letone of the shop staffmembers know.

lathe be operated until theproblem has been corrected Remove sharp edges and burrsfrom work before removing it fromthe lathe17PROTECT YOURSELF WITH PPE Always wear safety glasses Always wear closed toe shoes thatprotect the top of your foot Do not wear any rings or danglingjewelry Long hair needs to be tied up or putinto a bun1819INTRODUCTION TO LATHEORIGINDavid Wilkinson was a U.S. mechanicalengineer who invented a lathe for cuttingscrew threads, which was extremelyimportant in the development of themachine tool industry in the early 19thcentury.20In 1794, Wilkinson designed a screwcutting lathe with a slide rest on which heobtained a patent in 1798. It is not knownhow many of these lathes Wilkinsonproduced in his own plant, but in 1848 aSenate Committee found that there weremore than 200 such lathes in use ingovernment workshops alone.21WHAT IT DOESThe lathe is a machine tool usedprincipally for shaping pieces of metal(and sometimes wood or other materials)by causing the workpiece to be held androtated by the lathe while a tool bit isadvanced into the work causing thecutting action.Sharp edges and burrs cancause cuts always be sureto remove them.Personal ProtectiveEquipment may be a bituncomfortable or bulky,but needs to be worn toprotect the user.The basic lathe that wasdesigned to cut cylindricalmetal stock has beendeveloped further toproduce screw threads,tapered work, drilledholes, knurled surfaces,and crankshafts.

22MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE LATHE23IMPORTANT PARTSDigital ReadoutDescriptionOn/Off Speed ControlDescriptionTool PostDescriptionCompoundDescriptionTail StockDescriptionPower Feed ControlDescriptionCollet Storage CabinetDescriptionPower Feed LeversDescriptionCarriage HandwheelDescriptionThreading HandleHighLowDescriptionSpindle Forward ReverseDescriptionHead reading LeverDescription24INTRODUCTION TO LATHE(Safe Machine Operations)Show respective parts totrainees. Refer to largerpicture at the end of thetraining packet.

25SAFE MACHINE OPERATIONS 1Squaring Aloris tool post to spindle face26SAFE MACHINE OPERATIONS 2Selecting and preparing to load a 5CcolletSome lathe operationsrequire the lathe tool to beperpendicular to thecenterline of the spindle.To accomplish this havethe traineesLoosen the nut on top ofthe Aloris tool postRemove spindle nosecover.Bring the carriage forwarduntil the Aloris tool postlightly contacts the spindleface.Make sure that the Aloristool post completelycontacts the spindle face.Tighten the nut on top ofthe Aloris tool post.Replace spindle nosecover.The collets for the latheare graduated in 1/64”increments. Measure thework piece you willworking on and select thecollet size that will best fitthe work piece.Explain that the keywaythat is on the threadedend of the collet is going tohave to line up with thekey of the machine.The keyway that is insidethe spindle nose lines upwith the keyway that is onthe outside of the spindlenose and can be used asreference when lining thecollet keyway up with thespindle keyway.