IEEE Standard 519-2014 - UNLV
IEEE Standard 519-2014Compliances, Updates, Solutions and Case StudiesPresented by: Dr John Cheng, CEng, CEM, CEA, CMVPConfidential Property of Schneider Electric
Agenda1. Introduction: Harmonics Overview2. History of IEEE STD 519, and comparison betweenIEEE STD 519 (2014 vs 1992)3. How SE helped you to achieve IEEE STD 519-20144. Case Studies5. ConclusionsConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 2
IntroductionHarmonics OverviewConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 3
Why is there harmonic in the electrical network?Linear loads versus Nonlinear loadsLinear loads:Nonlinear MOSFETBJTIGBTSource: IEC 61000-3-6:1996Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 4
How does the harmonic created?Single phase full-bridge rectifier circuitUiCiCiVDC bus voltage UDC bus capacitorcurrent (IC)Supplycurrent(i)Supplyvoltage (V)V E - ZsiConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 5
“Evolution” of Power FactorsWith linear vs. nonlinear loadsElectrical system with ONLY linear loadsElectrical system with Nonlinear loadsQ kVAr (ReactivePower)S kVA(Apparent Power)D kVAH(Distortion Power)θTPF (True/Total Power Factor)P kW (Real Power)S kVA V rms I rms True/Total Power Factor :P2 Q2 D2cos TPF cos dispPF cos distPFDisplacement Power FactorkW(Fundamental Components): cos dispPF kVA( fundamenta l )Distortion Power Factor(Harmonic Components):Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 6cos distPF 11 THDv2 1 THDi2
Effects of HarmonicsDifferent PerspectivesEngineering PerspectiveBusiness Perspective Nuisance tripping of circuit breaker Increased maintenance and replacement cost (OPEX) Harmonic resonance Interruptions and downtimes cost Capacitor bank failure Reduced system capacity and thus increase CAPEX byunnecessary of expansion. Excessive heating Transformer overheating Skin effects on cables for higher harmonic orders Motor winding burnt (dv/dt) & hunting Neutral overloading (double neutral) Causing EMI to sensitive signals Problems to generatorsConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 7
History of IEEE Standard 519Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 8
The Journey of IEEE Standard 519Revision Years: 1981, 1992 and 2014Sponsor by Static Power Converter Committee of theIndustry Applications SocietyConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 9Sponsors by Transmission & Distribution Committee of theIEEE Power Engineering Society and Static PowerConverter Committee of the IEEE Industry ApplicationsSocietySponsor by Transmission & Distribution Committee of theIEEE Power Engineering Society
Main FocusesShifting of main focuses depending on the sponsors.IEEE STD 519-1981IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Title: IEEE Guide for Harmonic Control andReactive Compensation of Static PowerConverters (54 pages) Title: IEEE Recommended Practices andRequirements for Harmonic Control inElectrical Power System s(101 pages) Title: IEEE Recommended Practice andRequirements for Harmonic Control inElectrical Power System s(29 pages) Sponsor : Static Power Converter Committee(SPCC) of the Industry Applications Society(IAS) Sponsors: Transmission & DistributionCommittee of the IEEE PES & SPCC of theIEEE IAS Sponsor: Transmission & DistributionCommittee of the IEEE Power EngineeringSociety (PES) Introduce the basic of harmonics. In-depth discussion about harmonics No discussion about harmonic fundamentals Educational in nature Educational and informative in nature. Clarification and limits setting in nature. Introduces quantifying factor for harmonicssuch as DF, TIF Introduces Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)and Total Demand Distortion (TDD). Introduces statistical evaluation (Very shortand Shot time harmonic measurements) Focus on the recommended practices for: Focus on: Focus on: Line notch limitsVoltage distortion limitsTelephone influence limitsFlicker limitsConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 10 Recommended practices for IndividualconsumersRecommended practices for UtilitiesRecommended methodology forevaluating new harmonic sources Harmonic measurementsRecommended harmonic limits for voltageand current distortion
Comparison between IEEE STD 519 (2014 vs 1992)Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 11
Section 1: OverviewSection 1.1: ScopeSection 1.2: PurposeIEEE Standard 519 - 2014Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 12
Redefining the Purpose of IEEE 519 in 2014 documentFocusing on Point of Common Coupling (PCC)IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Page 75. Focuses on the PCC with the consumer-utility interface, butcontradicting definition of PCC in latter statement. Page 2. Clarify on the PCC. The recommendation described in this document attempts to reducethe harmonic effects at any point in the entire system by establishinglimits on certain harmonic indices (currents and voltages) at the point ofcommon coupling (PCC), a point of metering, or any point as long asboth the utility and the consumer can either access the point for directmeasurement of the harmonic indices meaningful to both or canestimate the harmonic indices at point of interference (POI) throughmutually agreeable methods. Within an industrial plant, the PCC is the point between the nonlinearload and other loads.Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 13 The limits in this recommended practice are intended for application ata point of common coupling (PCC) between the system owner oroperator and a user, where the PCC is usually taken as the point in thepower system closest to the user where the system owner or operatorcould offer service to another user. Frequently for service to industrial users (i.e., manufacturing plants) viaa dedicated service transformer, the PCC is at the HV side of thetransformer. For commercial users (office parks, shopping malls, etc.) suppliedthrough a common service transformer, the PCC is commonly at the LVside of the service transformer.
Point of Common Coupling in SummaryIEEE STD 519-2014PCC at HV side for Industrial usersConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 14PCC at LV side for commercial users
Who’s Responsibility?Utility and/or Users?IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Mentioned briefly in the “Foreword” page. Not considered as part of thestandards guidelines. Listed clearly in “Section 1.2 - Purpose” (page 2) This recommended practice recognizes the responsibility that usershave not to degrade the voltage of the utility serving other users byrequiring nonlinear currents from the utility. It also recognizes the responsibility of the utilities to provide users withclose to a sine wave of voltage.Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 15 The limits in this recommended practice represent a sharedresponsibility for harmonic control between system owners or operatorsand users. Maintaining harmonic voltages below these levels necessitates that All users limit their harmonic current emissions to reasonable valuesdetermined in an equitable manner based on the inherentownership stake each user has in the supply system and Each system owner or operator takes action to decrease voltagedistortion levels by modifying the supply system impedancecharacteristics as necessary.
Section 2: Normative ReferencesIEEE Standard 519 - 2014Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 16
ReferencesIEEE STD 519-2014 reference to IEC61000-4-XIEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Page 8 Page 3 10 references. 4 references, but 2 are the same (IEC 61000-4-15 and IEEE STD1453) All references are referenced to IEEE Standards and ANSI (AmericanNational Standard)Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 17 All references are referenced to IEC Standards. IEC Standard 61000-4-7, General Guide on Harmonics and InterharmonicsMeasurement and Instrumentation, for Power Supply Systems andEquipment Connected Thereto. IEC Standard 61000-4-30, Power Quality Measurement Methods. IEC Standard 61000-4-15, Testing and Measurement Techniques—Flickermeter—Functional and Design Specifications. IEEE Std 1453 , IEEE Recommended Practice—Adoption of IEC 610004-15:2010, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)—Testing andMeasurement Techniques—Flickermeter—Functional and DesignSpecifications
Section 3: DefinitionsIEEE Standard 519 - 2014Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 18
New and Redefined DefinitionsIEEE STD 519-2014 – page 3New DefinitionsRedefined Definitions maximum demand load current: This current value is established atthe point of common coupling and should be taken as the sum of thecurrents corresponding to the maximum demand during each of thetwelve previous months divided by 12. short-circuit ratio: At a particular location, the ratio of the availableshort-circuit current, in amperes, to the load current, in amperes. notch: A switching (or other) disturbance in the normal power voltagewaveform, lasting less than 0.5 cycles, which is initially of oppositepolarity than the waveform and is thus subtracted from the normalwaveform in terms of the peak value of the disturbance voltage. Thisincludes complete loss of voltage for up to 0.5 cycles. point of common coupling (PCC): Point on a public power supplysystem, electrically nearest to a particular load, at which other loadsare, or could be, connected. The PCC is a point located upstream ofthe considered installation.Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 19 total demand distortion (TDD): The ratio of the root mean square of theharmonic content, considering harmonic components up to the 50thorder and specifically excluding interharmonics, expressed as apercent of the maximum demand current. Harmonic components oforder greater than 50 may be included when necessary. total harmonic distortion (THD): The ratio of the root mean square ofthe harmonic content, considering harmonic components up to the 50thorder and specifically excluding interharmonics, expressed as apercent of the fundamental. Harmonic components of order greaterthan 50 may be included when necessary.
Section 4: Harmonic MeasurementsSection 4.1: Measurement window widthSection 4.2: Very short time harmonic measurementsSection 4.3: Short time harmonic measurementsSection 4.4: Statistical evaluationIEEE Standard 519 - 2014Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 20
Instrument CompliancesNew compliance guidelines (IEC 61000-4-7 & IEC 61000-4-30)IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Page 68-74, Section 9: Measurement Page 4 Detailing all the requirements for harmonic measurement Reference directly to IEC Standards. No reproduction of IEEE STD519-1992 Section 9. 9.2 Basic Equipment Used for the Analysis of NonsinusoidalVoltages and Currents 9.3 Requirements for Instrument Response 9.4 Presentation of Harmonic Data 9.5 Transducers for Harmonic MeasurementsConfidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 21 For the purposes of assessing harmonic levels for comparison with therecommended limits in this document, any instrument used shouldcomply with the specifications of IEC 61000-4-7 and IEC 61000-4-30.
New Terminologies for Harmonic MeasurementsNewly introduced in IEEE STD 519-2014 page 5, and not in IEEE STD 519-1992.Very short time harmonic measurementsShort time harmonic measurements Very short time harmonic values are assessed over a 3-second intervalbased on an aggregation of 15 consecutive 12 (10) cycle windows for60 (50) Hz power systems. Short time harmonic values are assessed over a 10-minute intervalbased on an aggregation of 200 consecutive very short time values fora specific frequency component. Individual frequency components are aggregated based on an rmscalculation as shown in Equation (1). The 200 values are aggregated based on an rms calculation as shownin Equation (2). where F represents voltage (V) or current (I) in rms value.n represents the harmonic order,i is a simple counterSubscript vs “very short.”Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 22 where F represents voltage (V) or current (I), in rms value n represents the harmonic order i is a simple counter Subscript sh is “short.”
Specify Durations and Statistical EvaluationIEEE STD 519-2014 Pg 5; & IEEE STD 519-1992 no duration and only has 95th percentile.Very short time harmonic measurementsShort time harmonic measurements Measurement duration: 24 hours (1 day) Measurement duration: 7-day period (1 week) For very short time harmonic measurements, the 99th percentile value(i.e., the value that is exceeded for 1% of the measurement period)should be calculated for each 24-hour period for comparison with therecommend limits in Clause 5. For short time harmonic measurements, the 95th and 99th percentilevalues (i.e., those values that are exceeded for 5% and 1% of themeasurement period) should be calculated for each 7-day period forcomparison with the recommended limits in Clause 5. Applied to both voltage and current harmonics. These statistics should be used for both voltage and current harmonicswith the exception that the 99th percentile short time value is notrecommended for use with voltage harmonics. Interpretation: Current harmonics evaluate based on 95th and 99th percentile. Voltage harmonics evaluate based on 95th percentile only.Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 23
Section 5: Recommended harmonic limitsSection 5.1: Recommended harmonic voltage limitsSection 5.2: Recommended current distortion limits for systems nominally rated 120 V through69 kVSection 5.3: Recommended current distortion limits for systems nominally rated above 69 kVthrough 161 kVSection 5.4: Recommended current distortion limits for systems nominally rated above 161 kVSection 5.5: Recommendations for increasing harmonic current limitsIEEE Standard 519 - 2014Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 24
General ObservationsIndividual responsibilitiesIEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Separate the recommended practices between individual consumersand utilities Reiterate the joint responsibility involving both end-users and systemowners or operators, that harmonic limits are recommended for bothvoltages and currents. Individual consumers: Recommended harmonic indices for are:‒ (1) Depth of notches, total notch area, and distortion of busvoltage distorted by commutation notches (low-voltage systems)‒ (2) Individual and total voltage distortion‒ (3) Individual and total current distortion PCC can be between the nonlinear load and other loads. Utilities: Recommended harmonic indices is only maximum voltage distortionat the point of common coupling (PCC) with each consumer.Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 25 Both system owners or operators and users must work cooperatively tokeep actual voltage distortion below objectionable levels End-users limit the harmonic current injectionsSystem owners or operators should take action to modify systemcharacteristics so that voltage distortion levels are acceptable incase the efforts by end-users are insufficient. The recommended limits in this clause apply only at the PCC andshould not be applied to either individual pieces of equipment or atlocations within a user’s facility.
Harmonic Voltage LimitsNew limits for Low Voltage ( 1kV) & Percentiles in IEEE STD 519-2014IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 Consumers’ harmonic voltage limits based on line-to-line voltage: At the PCC, system owners or operators should limit line-to-neutralvoltage harmonics as follows: Daily 99th percentile very short time (3 s) values should be lessthan 1.5 times the values given in Table 1. Weekly 95th percentile short time (10 min) values should be lessthan the values given in Table 1. Notches limits moved to Annex C (Informative). Utilities:Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 26
Current Distortion LimitsGeneral observationsIEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 The harmonic distortion caused by a single consumer should be limitedto an acceptable level at any point in the system. Newly defined limits based on 3 percentile limits: TDD: Total demand distortion, harmonic current distortion in % ofmaximum demand load current (15 or 30 min demand). No limits onharmonic orders. The limits listed in Tables 10.3, 10.4, and 10.5 should be used assystem design values for the “worst case” for normal operation(conditions lasting longer than one hour). For shorter periods, during start-ups or unusual conditions, the limitsmay be exceeded by 50%. (up to 1 hour per day, which is equivalent toabout 4.1% of the time. Thus, 95th percentile is used.) Both the recommended current distortion limits for 120V to 69kV and69kV to 161kV in both standards are the same, except the TDDcalculation is up to 50th harmonic order.Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 27 Daily 99th percentile very short time (3 s) harmonic currents shouldbe less than 2.0 times the values given in the Tables. Weekly 99th percentile short time (10 min) harmonic currentsshould be less than 1.5 times the values given in Tables. Weekly 95th percentile short time (10 min) harmonic currentsshould be less than the values given in Tables. TDD up to 50th order only. The maximum demand current value is established at the PCC andshould be taken as the sum of the currents corresponding to themaximum demand during each of the twelve previous months dividedby 12.
Current Distortion Limits (120V to 69kV)Both the same except TDD calculation up to 50th harmonics order.IEEE STD 519-1992Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 28IEEE STD 519-2014
Current Distortion Limits ( 161kV)Additional new limits in 2014.IEEE STD 519-1992Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 29IEEE STD 519-2014
Emphasis of Phase-Shifting Transformer & “Multi-pulse” ConverterBoth mentioned about the multiplier, but IEEE STD 519-2014 include a Table.IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 These tables are applicable to six-pulse rectifiers and general distortionsituations. However, the recommended multipliers in Table 5 apply regardless ofthe method used to reduce the harmonics that would be considered“non-characteristic harmonics” for a p-pulse converter as long as all“non-characteristic harmonics,” including even-order harmonics, arekept below 25% of the limit values given in Table 2, Table 3, or Table 4as appropriate. However, when phase shift transformers or converters with pulsenumbers (q) higher than six are used, the limits for the characteristicharmonic orders are increased by a factor equal toprovided that the amplitudes of the noncharacteristic harmonic ordersare less than 25% of the limits specified in the tables.p 12p 18p 24p 30Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 30
Annex: All informative onlyAnnex A: Interharmonic voltage limits based on flickerAnnex B: Telephone influence factor (TIF)Annex C: Limits on commutation notchesAnnex D: BibliographyIEEE Standard 519 - 2014Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 31
New Information and Limits on Interharmonic in Annex AOnly an informative page in 2014, but not an enforcement.IEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 No interharmonic voltage limits Mentioned in Annex, which is only information. Included flicker information, limits and solution in pages 80-82, Section10.5. Reference to IEC 61000-4-15 (c.f. IEEE STD 1453).Confidential Property of Schneider Electric Page 32
Simplify Limits on TIF and I-T Product in Annex BTelephone influence factor (TIF) & I-T productIEEE STD 519-1992IEEE STD 519-2014 TIF: Mentioned in Annex B, which is only information. Section 6.9 (pg 40-42), focus on telephone interference.Same content in Table 6.2, but it is renamed to “Table B-1:Weighting values (W f)” in 2014 document. I-T product: Sectio
4 references, but 2 are the same (IEC 61000-4-15 and IEEE STD 1453) All references are referenced to IEC Standards. IEC Standard 61000-4-7, General Guide on Harmonics and Interharmonics Measurement and Instrumentation, for Power Supply Systems and Equipment Connected Thereto. IEC Standard 61000-4-30, Power Quality Measurement .
IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 28 December 2012 IEEE Power and Energy Society IEEE Std 81 -2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 81-1983) Authorized licensed use limited to: Australian National University. Downloaded on July 27,2018 at 14:57:43 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.File Size: 2MBPage Count: 86Explore furtherIEEE 81-2012 - IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity .standards.ieee.org81-2012 - IEEE Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity .ieeexplore.ieee.orgAn Overview Of The IEEE Standard 81 Fall-Of-Potential .www.agiusa.com(PDF) IEEE Std 80-2000 IEEE Guide for Safety in AC .www.academia.eduTesting and Evaluation of Grounding . - IEEE Web Hostingwww.ewh.ieee.orgRecommended to you b
IEEE 519-2014 Harmonic distortion terms used Note: THDi is not used in IEEE 519-2014. Harmonic Standard IEEE 519-2014 Supplier standard for THDv New category for 1.0 kV (applies at 480 & 600 VAC) New voltage class. Harmonic Standard IEEE 519-2014 USER standard for TDD limits Same as
IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems Sponsored by the Transmission and Distribution Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Power and Energy Society IEEE Std 519 -2014 (Revision of IEEE Std 519-1992) Autho
IEEE 519-2014 Target - 5%. IEEE 519-2014 Current distortion level of for systems 120V –69kV Standards - IEEE. Harmonic distortion - evaluation of harmonics TDD Total Demand Distortion of the current (used in e.g. IEEE-519:2014) Equal to THDi
effort to get a much better Verilog standard in IEEE Std 1364-2001. Objective of the IEEE Std 1364-2001 effort The starting point for the IEEE 1364 Working Group for this standard was the feedback received from the IEEE Std 1364-1995 users worldwide. It was clear from the feedback that users wanted improvements in all aspects of the language.File Size: 2MBPage Count: 791Explore furtherIEEE Standard for Verilog Hardware Description Languagestaff.ustc.edu.cn/ songch/download/I IEEE Std 1800 -2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 1800-2009 .www.ece.uah.edu/ gaede/cpe526/20 IEEE Standard for SystemVerilog— Unified Hardware Design .www.fis.agh.edu.pl/ skoczen/hdl/iee Recommended to you b
version in 2014. It should be noted that IEEE 519 (2014) standard now specifies 5% individual voltage distortion and 8% total harmonic voltage distortion, specifically for voltages 1 kV. By and large, hence, even though the discussion below is based on IEEE 519 (1992) standard, it can be considered same
"IEEE Standard 519-2014" is the IEEE Standard 519-2014 (2014) "IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems". This incorporation does not include any later amendments or editions. "IEEE Standard 1547" is the
"IEEE Standard 519-2014" is the IEEE Standard 519-2014 (2014) "IEEE Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electric Power Systems". This incorporation does not include any later amendments or editions. "IEEE Standard 1547" is the
