PLANNING GUIDE FOR KONE Escalators & Autowalks
PLANNING GUIDE FORKONE Escalators& Autowalks
2KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide
Table of Contents1.Welcome to the KONE Escalator and Autowalk Planning Guide2.How to use this Planning GuideDesigning your new project . 73.An introduction to escalators and autowalks3.1 Definitions and components . 83.2 The main safety code to consider . 94.Optimizing the People Flow within the building4.1 Analyzing People Flow . 114.2 Calculating traffic capacity . 12Case 1: Shopping center . 15Case 2: 24-hour Metro station . 174.3 Understanding your building segment . 204.4 Deciding how many escalators and/or autowalks are needed. 214.5 Locating your escalators and autowalks – indoors or outdoors. 214.6 Arranging your escalators or autowalks in the building . 215.Configuring your escalator or autowalk5.1 Load profile . 325.2 Energy consumption . 355.3 Step width. 385.4 Nominal speed . 395.5 Inclination of escalators . 395.6 Inclination of autowalks. 395.7 Horizontal (level) steps/pallets.405.8 Vertical rise (travel height).405.9 Transition radii . 415.10 Operational modes . 415.11 Type of balustrade . 425.12 Balustrade height . 436.Construction considerations6.1 Passenger circulation area .486.2 Minimum handrail and headroom clearance . 496.3 Protective barriers . 506.4 Head guards . 516.5 Caution signs . 527.Modernizing your existing escalator7.1 A step-by-step approach . 577.2 Safety solutions . 577.3 Mechanical . 587.4 Electrical . 597.5 Lubrication-free chain . 597.6 Aesthetics . 59KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide3
Every minute of every day, somewhere inthe world, millions of people are usingescalators and autowalks. In departmentstores, shopping centers, cinemas, sportscomplexes, exhibition halls, airports,railway stations, metro stations and ahost of other buildings, escalators andautowalks are quietly, efficiently, safely andunobtrusively transporting large numbersof people. The key to their smooth andsuccessful operation is efficient planning,installation and quality maintenance.4KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide
11. Welcome to the KONEEscalators and AutowalksPlanning GuideOur objective is to deliver a performance edge to ourcustomers by creating the best user experience withinnovative People Flow solutions in the fast developingurban environment. This allows people to move aroundsmoothly, safely and efficiently in and between buildings.It will help you select the correct solution for each specificapplication, and recommend ways to optimize the PeopleFlow within your building. It will also help you understandthe relevant building regulations and the North Americanescalator and autowalk safety code.For decades KONE has been providing industry-leadingescalators and autowalks and we are one of the globalleaders in the industry. This Planning Guide demonstratesour vast experience and expertise in this area. It is a clear,easy-to-understand and comprehensive guide to all themain process stages, from initial project planning to finalcommissioning.In short, this Planning Guide will be your companion ineach and every project you are involved with. I hope youfind it helpful, and I wish you a successful escalator orautowalk project. Where you still have questions, pleasecontact your local KONE Sales Representative, who will bedelighted to give you the necessary support.KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide5
2. How to use thisPlanning GuideThere is no set method for using this Planning Guide. Youcan flip through the table of contents and quickly accessthe relevant information you need. The initial chaptersdeal with an introduction to escalators and autowalksand how to optimize people flow within your building.The guide then takes you through how to configure yoursolution and addresses key construction considerations.We also explain the options and methods regardingmodernization and look at some of the most pertinentchanges to the ASME A17.1-2013/CSA B44-13 code.accompanying product vs. segment matrix. This willallow you to see which KONE products we recommendfor certain segments, such as public transportation,airport, retail, office, hotel, medical or leisure.At the end of the Planning Guide are lists of figures andtables. Again, these are added so you can quickly andeasily access the figures and tables you need. For moreproduct-specific information you may look at theVisit kone.usThe Planning Guide and other escalator and autowalkmaterials, including design tools, can also be accessedfrom our website, kone.us.Please note: All drawings, figures, tables, charts,and diagrams contained in this publication are forillustration purposes only.6KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning GuideBased on our recommendations you can then look atthe appropriate product-specific brochures to analyzethe technical specifications of the product. You willimmediately be able to see which product will bestsuit your particular project.
Somerset Shopping MallSingaporeDesigning your new projectAOptimizing the People Flow –Defining how many units are neededCalculate traffic capacity (Chapter 4)Typical configurations per type of building(Chapter 4)Arranging the escalators or inclined autowalks(Chapter 4)the right solutionB Definingfor your projectDifferent characteristics of an escalator orautowalk (Chapter 5)Product recommendations per segmentProduct-specific modules including specifications,options and dimensionsCObtaining the dimensionsConstruction considerations in relation to safetycode (Chapter 6)Escalator design tools on kone.usKONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide7
3. An introduction toescalators and autowalks3.1 Definitions and componentsAn escalator is a moving staircase for transporting people between floors of a building. It is generally agreed thatan escalator is the most efficient means to move large numbers of people between floors.ItemComponentItemComponent10Handrail drive11Transition ng13Side cladding5Balustrade14Step chain6Horizontal steps/pallets15Tracks7Drive station16Return station8Controller17Access cover plate69Front plate18Newel24511891778131631411101512Figure 3.1 Escalator componentsKONE’s escalators come in a diverse range of specifications:nInclination30 nStep width24 in. (600 mm) 32 in. (800 mm) 40 in. (1000 mm)nSpeed100 fpm (0.5 m/s)nLevel steps2 3 4*nEnvironmentIndoor semi-outdoor fully outdoor* only for infrastructure escalators8KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide
A horizontal autowalk is a conveyor belt that transports people horizontally. Autowalks are generally provided in areaswhere people need to walk long distances with luggage, baggage carts or shopping carts. An autowalk is generally flat,but can be slightly inclined.KONE’s horizontal autowalks cover all the standard requirements:nInclinationfrom 0 to 6 nPallet width40 in. (1000 mm) 48 in. (1200 mm) 56 in. (1400 mm)nSpeed100 fpm (0.5 m/s)nEnvironmentIndoor semi-outdoor fully outdoor154916181417127152383Figure 3.2 Horizontal autowalk components10By conveying people continuously, escalators andautowalks ensure a smooth flow of people through abuilding. They have the capacity to handle high traffic,and in multi-level retail centers they play a vital role inensuring that all floors are visited evenly. Escalators andautowalks, along with elevators, are a total people andgoods transportation solution. However, escalators,autowalks and elevators each have their own strengths, asshown in Table 3.1, which will help you understand whetheryou need an escalator or an autowalk (or even an elevator).Table 3.1 The main transportation characteristics of escalators, autowalks and elevatorsEscalatorsHorizontal ass transportMass transportLimited numberShort-medium distancesMedium-long distancesHigher risesIn between floorsOn one floorIn between floorsSteer people flowSave time and effortImprove accessibility3.2 The main safety code to considerThe safe structural design and installation of escalatorsand autowalks in buildings is defined and regulated inNorth America by the ASME A17.1-2013/CSA B44-13 Code.Elsewhere in the world, regional or local country-specificcodes as well as the ASME A17.1-2013/CSA B44-13 codemay apply.Your local KONE sales organization will be delighted toprovide you with details of your local regulations.In this Planning Guide, we refer to the latest version of theASME A17.1 2010 code.KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide9
Berlin Central StationBerlin, Germany54 KONE escalators10KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide
4. Optimizing the People Flowwithin the building44.1 Analyzing People FlowPeople flow varies immensely in each type of building.Understanding people flow will help you select the correcttype and number of escalators and autowalks, and configurethem correctly for the building.The easiest way to understand people flow is to look attwo buildings where the people flow is widely different: amulti-floor shopping center and a 24-hour metro station(see the case studies later in this chapter).What is People Flow?The world’s cities are constantly growing. They attractbillions of people and by 2050, it’s estimated that morethan two in every three people on the planet will live inurban areas. To support this influx of people into cities,the importance of building comfortable and efficienturban environments is paramount. At the same time,increased environmental awareness is demanding moreeco-efficient and environmentally-friendly solutions. Andlet’s not forget that an aging population requires morefocus on better accessibility, safety and security.KONE is dedicated to the development of sustainableurban living, and is committed to making urbanenvironments better places for people to live in.Our vision is to deliver the best People Flow experience.By People Flow we mean:nMoving people smoothly, safely, comfortably and withoutwaiting in and between buildingsnEnsuring high-quality accessibility for everyoneFurthermore, People Flow gives us direction fordeveloping our offering to meet our customers’ needs,and enables us to credibly sell, deliver and maintaincomplete solutions instead of just products.KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide11
4.2 Calculating traffic capacityAn important first step is to calculate the numberof passengers you expect your escalator or autowalkto transport.More detailed information on step width and speed canbe found in chapters 5.3 and 5.4. Table 4.1 displays theinformation given within ASME A17.1-2013/CSA B44-13 fortraffic flow planning purposes. However, these figures areonly relevant if the escalator or autowalk is running at fullload, which only occurs during peak hours.Table 4.1 Traffic capacity calculationsWhen carrying out such traffic capacity calculations foryour projects, please take into consideration that someother important factors come into play which mayinfluence your traffic capacity:nEvery step is not likely to be 100% occupiednIn reality, many passengers leave at least one clear stepbetween themselves and the passenger in frontnAs the speed of the step band increases, step occupancydecreases, because passengers hesitate longer before boardingThe conclusion therefore is that traffic capacity calculationsare complicated as they are affected by a number ofcriteria. KONE experts are available to help you calculatethe exact traffic capacity of your escalator or autowalk, toensure it perfectly matches the requirements of the building.Example:Consider a metro station escalator, with a speed of100 fpm (0.5 m/s) and a 40 in. (1000 mm) step width,in continuous operation in both directions for a periodof 20 hours a day, 7 days a week and 365 days per year.If it was running at full load for the whole of its 20 hoursof operation, its traffic capacity would be:n20 hours x 6,000 persons/hourn 120,000 persons per day12KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning GuideIn reality, during its 20 hours of operation per day,its passenger load will vary as follows:n40% full load (2,400 persons) for 3 hours 7,200 personsn100% full load (6,000 persons) for 2 hours 12,000 personsn50% full load (3,000 persons) for 8 hours 24,000 personsn100% full load (6,000 persons) for 2 hours 12,000 personsn40% full load (2,400 persons) for 5 hours 12,000 personsThis makes a total of 67,200 persons carried over its 20hours of daily operation at 61.2% equivalent load profile.
Berlin Central Railway StationBerlin, GermanyKONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide13
Kamppi shopping centerHelsinki, Finland45 KONE escalators14KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide
0 0 : 0 0 – 0 0 :3 00 0 : 3 0 – 01: 0 00 1: 0 0 – 0 1: 3 00 1: 3 0 – 0 2 : 0 002:0 0 – 02:300 2 : 3 0 – 03 : 0 003 : 0 0 – 03 : 3 003 : 3 0 – 0 4 : 0 00 4 : 0 0 – 0 4 :3 00 4:30 – 05:0 005:0 0 – 05:3005:30 – 06:0 006:0 0 – 06:300 6 : 3 0 – 07: 0 007: 0 0 – 07: 3 007: 3 0 – 0 8 : 0 00 8 : 0 0 – 0 8 :3 00 8 :3 0 – 0 9 : 0 00 9:0 0 – 0 9:300 9 : 3 0 – 10 : 0 010 : 0 0 – 10 : 3 01 0 : 3 0 – 11: 0 011: 0 0 – 11: 3 011: 3 0 – 12 : 0 012 : 0 0 - 12 : 3 012 : 3 0 – 13 : 0 013 : 0 0 – 13 : 3 013 : 3 0 – 14 : 0 014 : 0 0 – 14 : 3 014 : 3 0 – 15 : 0 015 : 0 0 – 15 : 3 015 : 3 0 – 16 : 0 016 : 0 0 – 16 : 3 016 : 3 0 – 17 : 0 017 : 0 0 – 17 : 3 017 : 3 0 – 18 : 0 018 : 0 0 – 18 : 3 018 : 3 0 – 19 : 0 019 : 0 0 – 19 : 3 019 : 3 0 – 2 0 : 0 020:0 0 –20:302 0 : 3 0 – 2 1: 0 02 1: 0 0 – 2 1: 3 02 1: 3 0 – 2 2 : 0 022:0 0 –22:3022:30 –23:0 023:0 0 –23:3023:3 0 –24: 0 0Case 1: Shopping centerAs seen in Figure 4.1 the shopping center experiencesthree peaks:nThe first is at the beginning of the day and consists ofemployees and early shoppers, coffee shop visitors and peoplewho cut through the center on their way to worknThe second is during lunch hour when people access the foodcourt area (not on ground level) or stop at the shopping centerduring their lunch breaknThe third is the time after work when most shoppers enterthe centerAfter the third peak the number of visitors quickly decreasesuntil the center closes for the night. See Chapter 4.6 formore information on this subject.% of trafficcapacity75%450%25%0%Figure 4.1 Typical people flow in a multi-level shopping center, showing three major peaksKONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide15
Bishan StationSingapore16 KONE escalators16KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide
0 0 : 0 0 – 0 0 :3 00 0 : 3 0 – 01: 0 00 1: 0 0 – 0 1: 3 00 1: 3 0 – 0 2 : 0 002:0 0 – 02:300 2 : 3 0 – 03 : 0 003 : 0 0 – 03 : 3 003 : 3 0 – 0 4 : 0 00 4 : 0 0 – 0 4 :3 00 4:30 – 05:0 005:0 0 – 05:3005:50 – 06:0 006:0 0 – 06:300 6 : 3 0 – 07: 0 007: 0 0 – 07: 3 007: 3 0 – 0 8 : 0 00 8 : 0 0 – 0 8 :3 00 8 :3 0 – 0 9 : 0 00 9:0 0 – 0 9:300 9 : 3 0 – 10 : 0 010 : 0 0 – 10 : 3 01 0 : 3 0 – 11: 0 011: 0 0 – 11: 3 011: 3 0 – 12 : 0 012 : 0 0 - 12 : 3 012 : 3 0 – 13 : 0 013 : 0 0 – 13 : 3 013 : 3 0 – 14 : 0 014 : 0 0 – 14 : 3 014 : 3 0 – 15 : 0 015 : 0 0 – 15 : 3 015 : 3 0 – 16 : 0 016 : 0 0 – 16 : 3 016 : 3 0 – 17 : 0 017 : 0 0 – 17 : 3 017 : 3 0 – 18 : 0 018 : 0 0 – 18 : 3 018 : 3 0 – 19 : 0 019 : 0 0 – 19 : 3 019 : 3 0 – 2 0 : 0 020:0 0 –20:302 0 : 3 0 – 2 1: 0 02 1: 0 0 – 2 1: 3 02 1: 3 0 – 2 2 : 0 022:0 0 –22:3022:30 –23:0 023:0 0 –23:3023:3 0 –24: 0 0Case 2: 24-hour Metro stationFor a typical 24-hour metro station in a metropolitan city,two peaks are experienced; one for each rush hour whenpeople travel to work and back, as shown in Figure 4.2.Both peaks are preceded and followed by a build-up period,which stretches longer into the evening as people eitherstay or travel for dinner, social meetings, overtime, etc.% of trafficcapacity100%KONE Escalators and Autowalks Planning Guide475%50%25%0%Figure 4.2 Typical people flow in a 24-hour metro station with two major peaksNote that not only the number but the magnitude of the peaks are different between the two environments; in themetro station, the number of people using the escalator at peak times is significantly higher. This means that theescalator is under a much higher load. More on load profile is discussed in Chapter 5.1.17
A clear distinction can be made between escalators for a commercial environment, such as a shopping center, andescalators for an infrastructure environment, such as a railway or metro station:Infrastructure escalators and horizontal autowalksCommercial escalators100In shopping centers,supermarkets anddepartment stores,escalators play a vital rolein routing shoppers to theright location, such asparticular shops in a mall orspecific aisles in a store.5In public transportationenvironments such asairports and transit centers,the challenge is to getpassengers and theirluggage to their destinationon time. To meet thischallenge, escalators andhorizontal autowalks arebeing increasingly used inthese buildings.The specific KONE solutions that are recommended for each segment can be found in the product vs. segment matrix.Table 4.2 presents some typical configurations for commercial units, while Table 4.3 highlights typical configurations forinfrastructure units.Table 4.2 Typical configurations for commercial units18Small retail shopsLarge shopping malls30 escalator30 escalator32 in. (800 mm) step width40 in. (1000 mm) step width100 fpm (0.5 m/s)100 fpm (0.5 m/s
changes to the ASME A17.1-2013/CSA B44-13 code. At the end of the Planning Guide are lists of gures and tables. Again, these are added so you can quickly and easily access the gures and tables you need. For more product-speci c information you may look at the accompanying product vs. segment matrix. This will allow you to see which KONE products we recommend for certain segments, such as .
KONE Inc. One KONE Court Moline, Illinois 61265 Phone 309-743-5446 Fax 309743-5467 www.kone.com KONE is sending this letter to advise you of potential issues that have been identified in KONE E5000 escalators, which have been in service for approximately 15 to 20 years. KONE has found
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