Item NO.3: Revision Of Course Codes In Scheme Of Studies .
Item NO.3: Revision of course codes in scheme of studies of BS in Botany for session 2018and onward.Scheme of studies of BS in Botany session 2018 and Onwardst1 SemesterCourse CodeCourse TitleLect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsBOT-1101Diversity of Plants314ZOO-1123Principal of Animal s)CHE-1104Inorganic Chemistry303ENG-1117English-I (Functional English)303PS-1107Pakistan Studies20217118Lect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsComment [i-[1]: 01 code is for the parentdepartment or for the other departments.2nd SemesterCourse CodeCourse TitleBOT-1201Plant Systematics, Anatomy andComment [i-[2]: Digits are same as in arabicDevelopment314ZOO-1223Principalof Animal Life –II303CHE-1204Organic Chemistry303ENG-1207English-II (Communication Skills)303ARA-1201Arabic303ISL-1212Islamic Studies20217118Comment [i-[3]: Same digits3rd Semester
Course CodeCourse TitleLect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsBOT-2301Cell Biology, Genetics & Evolution314ZOO-2323Animal Diversity-I314CHE-2304Physical alReportWriting & Presentation Skills)COM-2305Introduction to Computer4th SemesterCourse CodeCourse TitleLect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsBOT-2401Plant Physiology and Ecology314BOT-2402Biodiversity and Conservation314ZOO-2423Animal Diversity-II303CHE-2404Analytical ab. HrsCredit.Hrs5th SemesterCourse CodeCourse Title
BOT-3501Bacteriology & Virology213BOT-3502Mycology & Plant Pathology213BOT-3503Phycology & Bryology213BOT-3504Diversity of ar Plants213BOT-3505Plant Systematics213105156th SemesterCourse CodeCourse TitleLect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsBOT-3601Plant Anatomy213BOT-3602Genetics-I213BOT-3603Plant Biochemistry-I213BOT-3604Plant Ecology-I213BOT-3605Plant Physiology-I21310515
7th SemesterCourse CodeCourse TitleLect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsBOT-4701Molecular Biology213BOT-4702Plant Biochemistry- II213BOT-4703Plant Ecology-II213BOT-Research Thesis/ Elective-I--3BOT-Elective-II21384158th SemesterCourse CodeCourse TitleLect.HrsLab. HrsCredit.HrsBOT-4801Plant physiology l Biology213BOT-Research Thesis/ Elective-III--3BOT- ----Elective-IV213Total8415
Item No.3: List of Optional Papers for BS Botany (4 Years):CourseCourse iation213ApprovedBOT-4706Plant Stress Physiology213ApprovedBOT-4707Conservation and Management 213Approvedof Plant ResourcesBOT-4708Plant vedBOT-4710Economic Botany213ApprovedBOT-4711Flora of Azad Jammu and 213ApprovedKashmirBOT-4712Research 4804Research Techniques213ApprovedBOT-4805Plant Metabolism213ApprovedBOT-4806Plant Biotechnology213ApprovedBOT-4807Applied Mycology213Approved
BOT-4808Plant Microbe Interaction213ApprovedBOT-4809Molecular edBOT -4811Palynology213ApprovedBOT-4812Applied Microbiology213ApprovedBOT-1101DIVERSITY OF PLANTS4(3 1)Objectives of course:To introduce the students to the diversity of plants and theirstructures and significance.Theory:Comparative study of life form, structure, reproduction and economic significance of: a)Viruses (RNA and DNA types) with special reference to TMV; b) Bacteria and Cyanobacteria(Anabaena) with specific reference to biofertilizers, pathogenicity and industrial importance; c)Algae (Spirogyra, Pinnularia, Polysiphonia) d) Fungi (Ustilago, Puccinia, Agaricus), theirimplication on crop production and industrial applications. e) Lichens (Physcia), f) Bryophytes(Riccia , Anthoceros, Funaria), g) Pteridophytes; Lycopsida (Selaginella), h) Gymnosperms(Pinus), i) Angiosperms ; Monocot (Wheat), Dicot (Solanum nigrum)Lab Outline: Culturing, maintenance, preservation and staining of microorganisms. Study of morphology and reproductive structures of the types mentioned in theory. Identification of various types mentioned from prepared slides and fresh collections.Recommended Books: Prescott, L. M., Harley, J. P. and Klein, A. D. 2004. Microbiology, 3rd Ed. WM. C.Brown Publishers.
Alexopoulos, C. J., Mims, C. W. and Blackwell, M. 1996. Introductory Mycology. 4thEd. John Wiley and Sons Publishers. Vashishta, B. R. 1991. Botany for degree students (all volumes). S. Chand and Company.Ltd. New Delhi. Ingrouille , M. 1992. Diversity and Evolution of Land Plants. Chapman & Hall. Mauseth, J. D. 2003. Botany: An Introduction to Plant Biology 3rd Ed., Jones andBartlett Pub. UK Marti. J. Ingrouille & Plant: Diversity and Evolution. 2006 CUPBOT- 1201PLANT SYSTEMATICS, ANATOMY AND DEVELOPMENTObjectives of course:3(2 1)This coarse will equip the studentsTo understand various systems of classification, identification andnomenclature of AngiospermsPlant tissue types and structures and functions of tissues and organsDevelopment of plant body (embryology)Course outcomes:Knowledge about systematics and its utilization in identification ofplants according to rules of ICBN and understanding of plant collectionand preservation protocolsknowledge of structure of plant bodyKnowledge of the structure of plants from cells and tissues to organsSkills with methods which deals with plant structuresTheory: Plant Systematic: Introduction to plant systematic its aims, objective and importance.Classification: Importance brief history, introduction various systems of classification, Englerand Prantels System, Bentham and Hooker’s System. Brief introduction to nomenclature;Importance of Latin names, systems with an introduction to international code of BotanicalNomenclature (ICBN). Morphology and Phytography – a detailed account of variousmorphological characters of root, Stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, placentation and fruit types.Diagnostics characters, economic importance and distribution pattern of the following families:Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), Leguminosae, Rosaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Lamiaceae(Labiatae), Asteraceae and Poaceae.
Anatomy and Development: Cell wall; structure and chemical composition. Tissue and TissueSystem: Concept; structure and function of various tissues. e.g, Parenchyma, Chlorenchyma,Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Xylem and phloem. Primary Structure of root, stem and leaf.Definition and various type of meristems. Primary and secondary growth of dicot stem.Earlydevelopment of plant body (embryology)Capsela bursa-pastoris or Arabidopsis.Lab Outline: Study of simple and compound tissue in macerated and sectional material. Study of cross section of bifacial leaf. To Study the prepared slides of secondary growth in dicot stem. Identification of families given in syllabus with the help of keys. Technical description of common flowering plants belonging to families mentioned intheory syllabus. Field trips shall be undertaken to study and collect local plants. Students shall submit 40fully identified herbarium specimens. Study of cross section of monocot and dicot stem.Books Recommended Bold, H.C., (1997). Morphology of Plants. Harper & Row, N.Y. Dickison, W.C. (2000). Integrative Plant Anatomy, Academic Press, UK. Fahn, A. (1990) Plant Anatomy. Pergamon Press, UK. Malik, T.A. (1996). Principles of Botany. The Carvan Press Darbar Market, Lahore. Mauseth, J.D. (1998). An Introduction to Plant Biology: Multimedia Enhanced. Jones andBartlettPub. UK Moore, R.C., W.D. Clarke and Vodopich, D.S. (1998) Botany. McGraw Hill Company,USA. Pullaiah, T (2007). Taxonomy of Angiosperms 3rd Ed. Regency Publication, New Delhi. Raven, P.H., Evert, R.E. and Eichhom, S.E. (1999). Biology. Saunders CollegePublishing, USA. Sharma, O.P. (1993). Plant Taxonomy. Tata McGraw-Hill 7 Patel Nagar, New Delhi. Stuessy, T.F. (1990). Plant Taxonomy. Columbia University Press.
BOT-2301CELL BIOLOGY, GENETICS AND EVOLUTIONObjectives of course:To understand:4 (3 1)Structure and function of cell.Nature of genetic material and hereditary processIdentify and describe the process and purposes of the cell cycle,meiosis, and mitosis, as well as predict the outcomes of theseprocesses. Associate the processes that unfold in individual cellcompartments as preconditions for the functioning of the cell as awhole.Familiarization with evolutionary processesTheory: a) Cell Biology; Structure and Function of Bio-molecules, Carbohydrates, Lipids,Proteins, Nucleic Acids. Cell: Cell theory, cell types (prokaryotes, eukaryotes), basic propertiesof cell. Brief description of following cell organelles Cell wall, Cell membrane, Nucleus,Endoplasmic reticulu,Plastids, Mitochondria, RiDepertmental councilomes, Dictyosomes ,Vacuoles. Reproduction in somatic and embryogenic cell, mitosis, meiosis and cell cycleb) Genetics ; Introduction, scope and brief history of genetics. Mendelian inheritance; Laws ofsegregation and independent assortment, back cross, test cross, dominance and incompletedominance. c) Evolution: The nature of evolutionary forces, adaptive radiations, differentialreproductive potential, first plant cell, origin of organized structures, early aquatic and terrestrialecosystem, first vascular plant.Lab Outline: Study of cell structure using compound microscope and elucidation of ultrastructure fromelectron microphotographs. Measurement of cell size. Study of mitosis and meiosis by smear/squash method and from prepared slides. Study of chromosome morphology and variation in chromosome number. Extraction and estimation of carbohydrate, protein, RNA and DNA from plant sources.Genetics Genetical problems related to transmission and distribution of genetic material.
Identification of chromosomes in plant material. Carmine/orcein staining. Determination of blood groupsRecommended Books: Hoelzel, A. R. 2001. Conservation Genetics. Kluwer Academic Publishers. Dyonsager, V. R. (1986). Cytology and Genetics. Tata and McGraw-Hill Publication Co. Ltd,, New Delhi. Lodish. H. 2001. Molecular Cell Biology. W. H. Freeman and Co. Sinha, U. and Sinha, S. (1988). Cytogenesis Plant Breeding and Evolution, Vini Educational Books, New Delhi. Strickberger, M. V. (1988), Genetics, MacMillan Press Ltd., London.Journals/Periodicals:Theoretical & Applied Genetics, the Cell, Heredity.BOT-2401PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY4 (3 1)Course objectivesThe main theme of the course is to provide basic knowledge of differentmetabolic processes occurring in plants, as well as the relationships ofplants with their environment. Course also aims to enable the students toassess the effects of various environmental factors and stresses on plantgrowth and development.Theory: Plant Physiology; Water relations (water potential, osmotic potential, pressurepotential, matric potential). Absorption and translocation of water. Stomatal regulation. Mineralnutrition: Soil as a source of minerals. Passive and active transport of nutrients. Essentialmineral elements, role and deficiency symptoms of macronutrients. Photosythesis: Introduction,Oxygenic and non-oxygenic photosynthesis Mechanism: light reactions (electron transport andphotophosphorylation) and dark reactions (Calvin cycle). Differences between C3 and C4 plants.Factors affecting this process, Products of photosynthesis.Respiration: Definition andrespiratory substrates. chanism-Glycolysis, Krebs cycle. Electron transport and oxidativephosphorylation. Anaerobic respiration. Energy balance in aerobic and naerobic respiration,Respiratory quotients.
(b) Ecology Introduction, aims and applications of ecology. Soil: Physical and Chemicalproperties of soil (soil formation, texture. pH, EC, organism and organic matter etc) and theirrelationships to plants. Light and Temperature. Quality of light, diurnal and seasonalvariations. Ecophysiological responses. Water: Field capacity and soil water holding capacity.Characteristics of xerophytes and hydrophytes. Effect of precipitation on distribution of plants.Wind: Wind as an ecological factor and its importance. Population Ecology: Introduction. Abrief description of seed dispersal and seed bank. Community Ecology i. Ecologicalcharacteristics of plant community ii. Methods of sampling vegetation (Quadrat and lineintercept) iii. Major vegetation types of the local area. Ecosystem Ecology i. Definition, typesand components of ecosystem, ii. Food chain and Food web. Applied Ecology: Causes, effectsand control of water logging and salinity with respect to PakistanLab Outline:a) Plant Physiology Preparation of solutions of specific normality of acids/bases, salts, sugars, molal andmolar solutions and their standardization. Determination of uptake of water by swelling seeds when placed in sodium chloridesolution of different concentrations. Measurement of leaf water potential by the dye method. Determination of the temperature at which beet root cells lose their permeability. Determination of the effects of environmental factors on the rate of transpiration of aleafy shoot by means of a porometer/cobalt chloride paper method. Extraction of chlorophyll from the leaves and separation of component pigments on apaper chromatogram. Study of absorption spectra using spectrophotometer. Estimation of oxygen utilized by a respiring plant by Winkler's method.b) Ecology Determination of physical and chemical characteristics of soil. Measurement of vegetation by Quadrat and line intercept methods. Measurements of wind velocity. Effect of light and temperature on seed germination.Recommended Books:
Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 2006. Plant Physiology. 4th. Ed. Sinauers Publ. Co. Inc. Calif. Salisbury F. B. and Ross C. B. 1992. Plant Physiology. 5th Edition. WadsworthPublishing Co. Belmont CA. Hopkins, W. B. 1999. Introduction to Plant Physiology. 2nd Ed. John Wiley and Sons.New York Schultz, J. C. 2005. Plant Ecology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Ricklefs, R. E. 2000. Ecology. W. H. Freeman and Co., UK. Larcher, W. 2003 Physiological Plant Ecology: Ecophysicology and Stress Physiology ofFunctions Groups – Springer Verlag.BOT-2402BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATIONObjective of course:To familiarize the students with the diversity of nature.4 (3 1)Importance of biodiversity for survival and proper functioning ofecosystem. To understand the value of biodiversity, methods ofconservation and current efforts to conserve biodiversity onglobal, national and local scales.Learning Outcomes:Students will be ableTo describe the global biodiversity crisisTo outline the main reasons for decline and threats to biodiversityworldwideTo argue the case for and against conserving biodiversityTheory: Biodiversity: Definition, types and threats. Threats to Biodiversity; deforestation,over grazing, erosion, desertification, ecosystem degradation, bio invasion, pollution and climatechange. Biodiversity of Pakistan. Measuring biodiversity: Alpha, Beta and Gamma diversity.Ecological services, indirect value of ecosystem by virtue of their ecological functions, directvalue of ecosystem (i.e. Utility of Bio resources). Sustainable and unsustainable use ofbiological resources. Biodiversity Hot spots of Pakistan and the world. Internationaltreaties/agreements regarding Biodiversity and conservation; CBD, CITES, Ramsar.Conservation strategies; in situ and ex situ, in vitro conservation. Conservation vs preservation.IUCN categorized protected areas in Pakistan; red listing. Use of herbarium and Botanical
Garden in biodiversity and conservation. Concept of pastures and wild life management. GlobalBiodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)Lab outline: Inventory of plant biodiversity in various habitats. Field survey for baseline studies and Impact Assessment. Identification of wild plant species used by local communities in different ecosystems.Recommended Books: Maiti, Prabodh K. and Maiti, Paulam. 2017, second edition. Biodiversity: perception,peril and preservation. PHI learning private limited, Delhi. Abbasi, A. M., Khan, M. A., M. Ahmad and M. Zafar. 2012. Medicinal plant biodiversityof Lesser Himalaya Pakistan. Springer Publishers USA. Heywood, V. (ed.). 1995. Global Biodiversity Assessment. Published for the UnitedNations Environment Programme. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. IUCN. 1994. IUCN Red List Categories. As Approved by the IUCN Council. IUCN. Swanson, T. 2005 Global Action for Biodiversity. Earth Scan Publication Ltd.BOT-3501BACTERIOLOGY AND VIROLOGYObjectives of course:To understand the morphology, structure and economic3(2 1)importance of Viruses and BacteriaTheory: a) Viruses;General features of viruses, viral architecture, classification, disseminationand replication of single and double – stranded DNA/RNA viruses. Plant viral taxonomy.Virusbiology and virus transmission. Molecular biology of plant virus transmission.Symptomatologyof virus-infected plants: (External and Internal symptoms). Metabolism of virus-infected plants.Resistance to viral infection.Methods in molecular virology.b) Bacteria;History, characteristics and classification.Evolutionary tendencies in Monera(Bacteria, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria). Morphology, genetic recombination, locomotionand reproduction in bacteria. Bacterial metabolism (respiration, fermentation, photosynthesis andnitrogen fixation). Importance of bacteria with special reference to application in various modernsciences specially agriculture, biotechnology and genetic engineering.Symptoms and control ofmajor bacterial diseases in Pakistan.
c) Plant microbe interactionLab outline:a) VirusesObservation of symptoms of some viral infected plant specimens.b) Bacteria, Actinomycetes and Cyanobacteria1. Methods of sterilization of glassware and media etc.2. Preparation of nutrient medium and inoculation.Preparation of slides for the study of various forms, capsule/slime layer, spore, flagella andgram-staning.4. Growth of bacteria, subculturing and identification of bacteria on morphological andbiochemical basis (using available techniques).5. Microscopic study of representative genera of Actinomycetes and Cyanobacteria from freshcollections and prepared slides.Recommended Books: Black, J. G. 2005 Microbiology - Principles and Exploration, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Prescott, L. M., Harley, J. P. and Klein, D. A. 2005. Microbiology McGraw-HillCompanies, Inc. Arora, D. R. 2004. Textbook of Microbiology, CBS Publishers and Distributors, NewDelhi. Ross F. C. 1995. Fundamentals of Microbiology. John Willey & Sons, New York. Khan, J. A. and Dijkstra J. Plant Viruses as Molecular Pathogens. The Haworth Press,Inc. Hull R. Matthews, 2004, Plant Virology, Academic Press. Tortora, G. J: Funke, B. R. and Case C. L., 2004, Microbiology. Pearson Education. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Kamal Bouarab, Normand Brisson, Fouad Daayf(eds), 2009 MPG Books Group, Bodmin, UK.BOT-3502MYCOLOGY AND PLANT PATHOLOGYObjective of course:To introduce the students mycology and plant diseses caused by fungalpathogen.3 (2 1)
To study the development of the diseases and various types of reistanceaginst it.Theory: a) Mycology: Introduction: General characters of fungi, Thallus, cell structure andultrastructure of fungi.Reproduction: Asexual and sexual reproduction and reproductionstructures, life cycle, haploid, heterokaryotic and diploid states. Fungal Systematics:Classification of fungi into phyla with suitable examples to illustrate somatic structures, tilaginales) and Deuteromycetes. Symbiotic relationships of fungi with other organisms(lichens and mycorrhiza) and their significance.b) Pathology: Introduction and classification of plant diseases, Development of plant diseases.Epidemiology and disease forecast. Important diseases of crop plants and fruit trees in Pakistancaused by fungi, e.g. damping off, mildews, rusts, smuts, dieback, red rot of sugarcane etc.Systemic resistance: Induced systematic resistance (ISR), Ac
BOT-1201 Plant Systematics, Anatomy and Development 3 1 4 ZOO-1223 Principalof Animal Life –II 3 0 3 CHE-1204 Organic Chemistry 3 0 3 ENG-1207 English-II (Communication Skills) 3 0 3 ARA-1201 Arabic 3 0 3 ISL-1212 Islamic Studies 2 0 2 17 1
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