Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Guideline

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Job Safety Analysis (JSA) – GuidelineA job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which helps integrate accepted safety and health principles andpractices into a particular task or job operation. In a JSA, potential hazards are identified for each step of thetask and controls recommended for the safest way to do the job.A JSA risk assessment must be developed when: the work activity involves a number of different tasks and hazards for which risk controls need to beplanned, communicated and implemented changes at the workplace occur that may impact on the effectiveness of control measures a Permit to Work is required developing SOPsA Take 5 risk assessment can be used instead of a JSA when the work activity involves a simple task with alimited number of low risk hazards and there is good understanding about how the hazards should becontrolled to ensure the task is completed safely. For example doing a visual inspection of a worksite, orclosing off a valve, or investigating a tripped switch.Developing a JSAThe person leading the work is responsible for developing the JSA. This is typically the: Person doing the work for single person tasks Person supervising the work for team tasks Person in charge of designing new work or equipment.One method of doing a JSA is to have a group of experienced workers complete the analysis throughdiscussion. An advantage of this method is that more people are involved in a wider base of experience andpromoting a more ready acceptance of the resulting work procedure. This method is most suitable forinfrequently performed or new jobs; or situations where observation may not be practical.When leading JSA discussions ask:1.2.3.What are we doing?What could go wrong?What do we need to do to make it safe?These three prompt questions will provide you with the basic information needed to build your JSA. Once youhave your JSA framework built, use available guidance to ensure the risk control measured selected aresufficient to reduce the risk so far as reasonably practicable i.e. standards, best practice guidelines, WSL KeyRequirements and risks assessments. Include diagrams and photos where needed.Benefits of doing a JSAThe JSA process helps identify hazards and increase the job knowledge of those participating. Safety andhealth awareness is raised, communication between workers and supervisors is improved, and acceptance ofsafe work procedures is promoted.Job Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

InstructionsJSA ProcessThere are seven basic steps to follow:Select job to beanalysedRecord thesteps in thetaskIdentify thehazards andassess therisks.DevelopcontrolmeasuresFollow Controlof WorkProceedure toobtainauthorisationto proceedwith workCommunicateand implementthe JSAMonitor thework andmaintaincontrolsStep 1: Select job to be analysed. When writing the description of the works, clearly define the activities forwhich the JSA applies. Complex jobs, or jobs that last several weeks, it’s often more effective to break the jobanalysis into specific work packs each with an individual JSA.When selecting a job to be analysed, consider the following: The scope of the work.When and where is the job performed?Who has to do it and how often?The activities involved and how are they done?What equipment or procedures are needed to perform the job safely?Step 2: Record the steps in the task. Examine a specific job by breaking it down into a series of steps or tasks.This will enable you to discover potential hazards you and the Work Team may encounter. Each job oroperation will consist of a set of steps or tasks. Be sure to list all the steps needed to perform the job. Somesteps may not be performed each time, i.e. setting up the work area, however, if that step is generally part ofthe job, it should be listed.Example:Step 3: Identify the hazards and assess the risks. A hazard is a potential danger. The purpose of the Job SafetyAnalysis is to identify ALL hazards, both those produced by the environment or conditions and thoseconnected with the work activities. Compiling an accurate and complete list of potential hazards will allow youto develop the recommended controls to ensure that work proceeds safely.Job Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Example:Tip: Insert a new row for each hazard identified.How to Assess the RiskWhen we refer to risk in relation to occupational safety and health the most commonly used definition is 'riskis the likelihood that a person may be harmed or suffers adverse health effects if exposed to a hazard.'Once you have identified the hazards involved in the task, estimate what realistic severity of harm that mayoccur, and the likelihood of that occurring. A risk matrix tool provides a numerical score for the riskassessment.Firstly assess the Existing Risk by:1.2.3.Identifying the hazard; take into consideration who may be harmed and how that harm may occurIdentifying existing controls that will remain active during the workUsing the risk matrix determine the LIKELIHOOD and SEVERITY of harmJob Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Example:Step 4: Develop control measures.Hierarchy of ControlReduce the LIKELIHOOD of harm occurring byadding Prevention Controls. These are controlswhich are designed to prevent an eventoccurring (the point where control is lost). Forexample: a guard isolates moving machineryfrom body parts, isolations prevent energy fromharming humans, training enables workers towork safely, and signage informs others. All ofthese are Prevention Controls.Reduce the SEVERITY of potential harm byadding Mitigation Controls. These controls acknowledge that sometimes prevention controls fail and whenthis happens, mitigation controls can reduce the severity of the harm. For example; seat belts and airbags invehicles minimise the severity of harm in a crash, a harness will catch you if you fall and a rescue plan willenable the team to get you down safely. When a hazard comes into direct contact with a human, PPE canminimise the harm it causes and decontamination, evacuation and emergency plans all work to mitigate theseverity of harm.Job Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Once you have planned your risk controls and added them to the JSA, assess the Residual Risk by taking intoaccount the extra prevention and mitigation controls to work out the Residual Risk score.Example:IF THE RISK RATING IS IN THE RED (4 or 5) AFTER YOUR PLANNED CONTROLS, WORK CANNOTPROCEED. The JSA needs to be reviewed by subject matter expert(s).Permit to WorkOnce you have completed the task analysis section you may need to apply for a Permit to Work.1.2.3.4.5.6.Job Safety Analysis - GuidelineUse the Permit to Work Decision trees (appendix A)to work out whether a permit is required.A Permit to Work is mandatory where a “Y” has beenlisted in the “PTW required” column.Where a Y/N is indicated the Permit Receiver andPermit Issuer must discuss planned controls todetermine if a permit is required.The Permit Receiver must fill in the permitcertificates – obtain PTW forms from your WatercareRepresentativeThe Permit Receiver must seek authorisation fromthe Duty Permit IssuerWhere multiple permit certificates are requiredunder a single JSA, the activity will be assigned aPermit Issuer to authorise the works.Version 3.2

The chart below outlines the work supervision and permit authorisation requirements based on the residualrisk assessment score.Residual ired byPermit ReceiverSimultaneouspermitsHigh(4-5) PI to authorisepermits. Site/Asset manager toauthorise JSA Medium(3) PI to authorise permitsLow(1-2) PI to authorisepermits Absences from thejob site of 2–4 hoursacceptable at thePI’s discretion. Mustbe contactable at alltimes. PR can beresponsible for upto three green-levelpermits.PI must view the siteand verify controlswith the PR prior towork starting. PR must be at the jobat all times. PR cannot beresponsible for anyother permits. Absences from the job site of1–2 hours acceptable at thePI’s discretion. Must becontactable at all times. PR can be responsible forone orange-level permit andone green-level permit.Step 5: Follow Control of Work Procedure (appendix B) to obtain Watercare authorisation to proceed withwork. The Person in Charge of the Work is responsible for all aspects of the implementation and adherence tothe JSA.Step 6: Communicate and implement the JSAMake sure that the JSAs are easy to read and understand. Communicate the JSA to all personnel and have thedocuments available onsite to read, sign-on and update.Job Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Step 7: Monitor the work and maintain controlsDuring the work an appropriate level of supervision must be provided to ensure that the controls aremaintained.Whenever a variation from the JSA occurs, for example a new task, change of risk, unexpected event; thevariation must be clearly identified, hazards identified and risk controls planned. The variation must beauthorised by your Watercare Representative before work can continue.Any variations to the JSA need to be reviewed by your Watercare Representative(s).Job Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Appendix A: Permit to Work Decision TreesUse the Permit to Work Decision Tree to help identify any risks associated with your activities and whether apermit is required. A Permit to Work is mandatory where a “YES” column has been listed in the PTW column.Where a Y/N is indicated the Permit Receiver and Permit Issuer must discuss controls to determine if a permitis required.The Permit Receiver must fill in the permit forms – obtain PTW forms from your Watercare Representative.Hazardous Energy PermitContaining mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal gravitational, potential, pneumatic orhydraulic energy. Note: The Watercare Isolation Procedure & Isolation Form still applies.Note: Work Type Competency (WTC) must be held if working on or near Electrical Energy Areasi.e. Motor Control Centre (MCC), Switch Rooms, Transformers, Earthing and Ring Main Unit (RMU)PTWReq?Will it work involve working on High Voltage equipment?YESWill it involve live product work including all work either inside or on live wastewater or water pipeswhere either product or vapours may still be present?YESWill it involve working in a HV room or within 2 metres of HV equipment? (Excludes routine activitiesundertaken by WTC trained personnel, with a Watercare approved SOP).YESWill it involve working on live equipment, electrical circuits, energised pipes or pressure vehicles?YESDoes the work require any remote isolation(s)?YESDoes the work require energising during testing or commissioning?YESAll other isolation of hazardous energy; the Watercare Isolation Procedure appliesNOConfined SpaceWork in an enclosed or partially enclose space. Note: The Watercare Confined Space EntryCertificate and Confined Space Risk Decision Tree must be completed for ALL ConfinedSpace entries.PTWReq?Is the residual risk score 2 or above on the Confined Space Decision Tree?YESIs the residual risk score 1 on the confined space decision tree?NOExplosive Atmosphere AreasThese are areas that encompass explosive atmosphere zones,refer: AS/NZS 60079.10.1:2009 Classification of areas – Explosive atmospheresPTWReq?Is any of the work in a designated explosive atmosphere zone?YESIs any of the work undertaken in a designated hazardous area that is covered by an approved SOP?Y/NJob Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Working at HeightsWorking in place where a person could be injured if they fell from one level to another.PTWReq?Will it involve working at a height of 5 metres or higher? (Notification to Worksafe?)YESWill it involve working at a height between 2 metres and 5 metres? Excludes: Under 5 metres whenworking from a scaffold erected by a competent person or from a scissor lift, a boom lift or apermanent ladder where the fall protection is permanently engineered into the plant orequipment.YESHot WorkWhere a source of ignition is introduced to a work environmentPTWReq?Does it involve any non-intrinsically safe activity within a confined space or designated explosiveatmosphere zone?YESWill there be any hot work on equipment or pipes?YESWill there be any hot work in an operational plant, offices or admin areas?Y/NWill the hot work be undertaken outdoors, when a fire ban is in place and/or within 3 metres of astructure?Y/NExcavationWork involving the removal of soil or rock from a site to form an open face trench, hole orcavity.PTWReq?Will the excavation be deeper than 1.5metres?YESIs there a risk of atmospheric contamination or build-up of gases or fumes within the excavation?YESIs de-watering required?YESWill the excavation contain contaminated soil?YESSafety Device ImpairmentWhere the work will disable or affect emergency systems (emergency monitoring systems,fire fighting, escape or rescue systems) or safety critical elements on a Major HazardFacility.PTWReq?Will the work disable or affect emergency systems, including leaving a site operating with adisabled emergency alert system or safety device?YESWill the work disable or affect a MHF safety critical element as specified in the site MHF Safety Case(applies to Ardmore WTP only)YESJob Safety Analysis - GuidelineVersion 3.2

Appendix BWatercare Control of Work – Process flowWork Initiated YESJSAWatercare RepresentativeAssigns the WorkResidual risk high(4-5)?!Decide riskassessment ToolsWatercarePersonnelONLYPermitsrequired?ORRisk levelreduced to 3 orless?YESSubject Matter Expert(s)(SME) reviews JSANOPermit toWork Required?(Refer PTWdecision trees)YESNOYESApproved? Site / Asset ManagerJSA approval requiredWatercare-approved self-isolation(within one working shift, four orless isolation points).Permit Receiver toprepare permitforms for thework packWatercare ApprovedPerson in Charge of the Workprepares the risk assessmentand the work packdocumentsPerson to apply locksNONOTake 5(with a SOP)RequestIsolation?Work Pack documentsmust include a riskassessment (JSA) or anSOP or a combination ofboth.Additional documentsmay include:- Permit Certificates- Isolation Requests- Plans / drawings-Other relevantinformationIsolationsRequired?YESYesSelect isolationNOPerson in Charge of theWork obtainsconfirmation to proceedfrom Control (fills inWork Authority Register)Residual Risk3 or more?YES NO Work Pack returned to Person in Chargeof the Work for additional informationWatercare Representativereviews the work packPerson in Charge of the WorkCommunicates JSA to theWork Team, verifies hazards,risks and controls, monitorsthe work (Take 5).Approved?Watercare Approverauthorises work pack YESPermit IssueRequired?Permit Issuer checksfor conflictingactivities,issues permits for adefined time-periodNOWork StartsControlApproved Person(s)to apply isolations gives final Go or No- goas requiredControl - Control Room(manned sites)- Duty Operator /Process Technician(non-metro)-NetworksEngineer(Networks andtransmission)Approved work packlodged with ControlPermit Issued?Person in Charge of the Workobtains confirmation toproceed from Control(fills in Work Authority Register)V2.1 (w. MD exception)Job Safety Analysis - GuidelinePerson in Chargeof the Workto fill in Isolationrequest formAll otherIsolationsORVersion 3.2

Use the Permit to Work Decision Tree to help identify any risks associated with your activities and whether a permit is required. A Permit to Work is mandatory where a “YES” column has been listed in the PTW column. Where a Y/N is indicated the Permit Receiver and Permit Issuer mu

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