GettingStarted - Keil Embedded Development Tools For Arm .

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2PrefaceInformation in this document is subject to change without notice and does notrepresent a commitment on the part of the manufacturer. The software describedin this document is furnished under license agreement or nondisclosureagreement and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of theagreement. It is against the law to copy the software on any medium except asspecifically allowed in the license or nondisclosure agreement. The purchasermay make one copy of the software for backup purposes. No part of this manualmay be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, recording, or information storage andretrieval systems, for any purpose other than for the purchaser’s personal use,without written permission.Copyright 1997-2009 ARM Ltd and ARM Germany GmbH.All rights reserved.Keil, the Keil Software Logo, µVision, MDK-ARM, RL-ARM, ULINK, andDevice Database are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Ltd, andARM Inc.Microsoft and Windows are trademarks or registered trademarks of MicrosoftCorporation.NOTEThis manual assumes that you are familiar with Microsoft Windows and thehardware and instruction set of the ARM7 and ARM9 processor families orthe Cortex -M series processors. In addition, basic knowledge of µVision 4 isanticipated.Every effort was made to ensure accuracy in this manual and to give appropriatecredit to persons, companies, and trademarks referenced herein.

Getting Started: Building Applications with RL-ARMPrefaceThis manual is an introduction to the Real-Time Library (RL-ARM ), which isa group of tightly coupled libraries designed to solve the real-time andcommunication challenges of embedded systems based on ARM processor-basedmicrocontroller devices.Using This BookThis book comes with a number of practical exercises that demonstrate the keyoperating principles of the RL-ARM. To use the exercises you will need to haveboth the Keil Microcontroller Development Kit (MDK-ARM ) installed andthe Real-Time Library (RL-ARM). If you are new to the MDK-ARM, there is aseparate Getting Started guide, which will introduce you to the key features. Theonline documentation for the MDK-ARM, including the Getting Started guide, islocated at www.keil.com/support/man arm.htm.Alongside the standard RL-ARM examples, this book includes a number ofadditional examples. These examples present the key principles outlined in thisbook using the minimal amount of code. Each example is designed to be builtwith the evaluation version of the MDK-ARM. If this is not possible, theexample is prebuilt so that it can be downloaded and run on a suitable evaluationboard.This book is useful for students, beginners, advanced and experienced developersalike.However, it is assumed that you have a basic knowledge of how to usemicrocontrollers and that you are familiar with the instruction set of yourpreferred microcontroller. In addition, it is helpful to have basic knowledge onhow to use the µVision Debugger & IDE.3

4PrefaceChapter Overview“Chapter 1. Introduction”, provides a product overview, remarks referring tothe installation requirements, and shows how to get support from the Keiltechnical support team.“Chapter 2. Developing with an RTOS”, describes the advantages of the RTX,explains the RTX kernel, and addresses RTOS features, such as tasks,semaphores, mutexes, time management, and priority schemes.“Chapter 3. RL-Flash Introduction”, describes the features of the embeddedfile system, how to set it up, configuration options, standard routines used tomaintain the file system, and how to adapt flash algorithms.“Chapter 4. RL-TCPnet Introduction”, describes the network model, TCP keyfeatures, communication protocols, and how to configure an ARM processorbased microcontroller to function with HTTP, Telnet, FTP, SMTP, or DNSapplications.“Chapter 5. RL-USB Introduction”, describes the USB key features, thephysical and logical network, pipes and endpoints, the device communicationdescriptors, and the supported interfaces and their classes.“Chapter 6. RL-CAN Introduction”, describes the CAN key concepts, themessage frame, and the programming API implemented.

Getting Started: Building Applications with RL-ARM5Document ConventionsExamplesREADME.TXTDescription1Bold capital text is used to highlight the names of executable programs,data files, source files, environment variables, and commands that youcan enter at the command prompt. This text usually representscommands that you must type in literally. For example:ARMCC.EXE1DIRLX51.EXECourierText in this typeface is used to represent information that is displayed onthe screen or is printed out on the printerThis typeface is also used within the text when discussing or describingcommand line items.VariablesText in italics represents required information that you must provide. Forexample, projectfile in a syntax string means that you must supply theactual project file nameOccasionally, italics are used to emphasize words in the text.Elements that repeat Ellipses ( ) are used to indicate an item that may be repeatedOmitted code.Vertical ellipses are used in source code listings to indicate that afragment of the program has been omitted. For example:void main (void) {.while (1);«Optional Items»Double brackets indicate optional items in command lines and inputfields. For example:C51 TEST.C PRINT «filename»{ opt1 opt2 }Text contained within braces, separated by a vertical bar represents aselection of items. The braces enclose all of the choices and the verticalbars separate the choices. Exactly one item in the list must be selected.KeysText in this sans serif typeface represents actual keys on the keyboard.For example, “Press F1 for help”.Underlined textText that is underlined highlights web pages. In some cases, it marksemail addresses.It is not required to enter commands using all capital letters.

6ContentContentPreface. 3Document Conventions. 5Content . 6Chapter 1. Introduction. 10RL-ARM Overview . 10RTX RTOS . 11Flash File System . 11TCP/IP . 12USB. 12CAN . 13Installation . 14Product Folder Structure . 14Last-Minute Changes . 15Requesting Assistance . 15Chapter 2. Developing With an RTOS . 16Getting Started . 16Setting-Up a Project . 17RTX Kernel . 19Tasks . 19Starting RTX . 21Creating Tasks . 22Task Management . 24Multiple Instances . 24Time Management . 24Time Delay . 25Periodic Task Execution . 26Virtual Timer . 26Idle Demon . 27Inter-Task Communication . 28Events . 28RTOS Interrupt Handling . 29Task Priority Scheme . 31Semaphores . 32Using Semaphores . 34Signaling . 34Multiplex. 34

Getting Started: Building Applications with RL-ARMRendezvous . 35Barrier Turnstile. 36Semaphore Caveats . 38Mutex . 38Mutex Caveats . 39Mailbox . 39Task Lock and Unlock . 43Configuration . 43Task Definitions. 44System Timer Configuration . 45Round Robin Task Switching . 45Scheduling Options . 45Pre-emptive Scheduling . 46Round Robin Scheduling . 46Round Robin Pre-emptive Scheduling . 47Co-operative Multitasking . 47Priority Inversion . 47Chapter 3. RL-Flash Introduction . 49Getting Started . 49Setting-Up the File System . 50File I/O Routines. 52Volume Maintenance Routines . 54Flash Drive Configuration . 56Adapting Flash Algorithms for RL-Flash . 58MultiMedia Cards . 60Serial Flash . 62Chapter 4. RL-TCPnet Introduction . 63TCP/IP – Key Concepts . 63Network Model . 63Ethernet and IEEE 802.3 . 65TCP/IP Datagrams . 65Internet Protocol . 65Address Resolution Protocol . 66Subnet Mask . 67Dynamic Host Control Protocol DHCP . 68Internet Control Message Protocol . 68Transmission Control Protocol . 69User Datagram Protocol. 70Sockets . 70First Project - ICMP PING . 717

8ContentDebug Support . 74Using RL-TCPnet with RTX . 74RL-TCPnet Applications . 76Trivial File Transfer . 76Adding the TFTP Service . 76HTTP Server . 77Web Server Content . 78Adding Web Pages. 78Adding HTML as C Code . 79Adding HTML with RL-Flash . 81The Common Gateway Interface . 82Dynamic HTML . 82Data Input Using Web Forms . 84Using the POST Method . 84Using the GET Method . 87Using JavaScript . 88AJAX Support . 90Simple Mail Transfer Client . 94Adding SMTP Support . 94Sending a Fixed Email Message . 95Dynamic Message . 96Telnet Server . 98Telnet Helper Functions. 100DNS Client. 101Socket Library . 102User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Communication . 103Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Communication. 105Deployment. 108Serial Drivers . 109Chapter 5. RL-USB Introduction . 111The USB Protocol – Key Concepts . 111USB Physical Network . 111Logical Network . 112USB Pipes And Endpoints . 113Interrupt Pipe . 115Isochronous Pipe . 115Bulk Pipe . 115Bandwidth Allocation . 116Device Configuration . 117Device Descriptor . 118Configuration Descriptor . 119

Getting Started: Building Applications with RL-ARMInterface Descriptor . 120Endpoint Descriptor . 121RL-USB . 122RL-USB Driver Overview . 122First USB Project . 124Configuration .

communication challenges of embedded systems based on ARM processor-based microcontroller devices. Using This Book This book comes with a number of practical exercises that demonstrate the key operating principles of the RL-ARM. To use the exercises you will need to have both the Keil Microcontroller