The Australian Brontë Association Newsletter Issue No 24 .
The Australian Brontë AssociationNewsletterIssue No 24Dec 2009ROCHESTER THE MOST ROMANTIC HERO OF ALLTIMES – OFFICIALMills and Boon recently conducteda poll of its readers as to who they thoughtwas the most romantic literary hero. Innumber one position was EdwardRochester, the romantic hero of Jane Eyre.In number two position wasRichard Sharpe ofBernardCornwell’s Sharpeseries. Only thencomes Darcy fromPrideandPrejudice, in thirdposition.(NoColin Firth doesn’tqualify!)But ifDarcy could bemerged with MarkDarcy from Bridget Jones Diary, in sixthposition, he might have come out on top.Emily’s Heathcliff makes it easilyinto fourth position. Number five is RhettButler from Gone With The Wind, numberseven is Captain Corelli and his mandolinand in number nine position is ThomasHardy’s Gabriel Oak from Far From theMadding Crowd. Position number eight isinteresting – it’s Henry De Tamble fromAudreyNiffenegger’sTheTimeTraveller’s Wife, appearing right now onthe silver screens across Australia.Not everyone was happy with thisoutcome. Susan Daly wrote in the IrishIndependent that for her Rochester isanything but romantic.“I take it quite personally that MrDarcy (first name Fitzwilliam, but best notto dwell on that) has not topped a new listof the most romantic literary heroes as voted byMills and Boon readers. That spot went to MrRochester, keeping wives in attics since 1847.”“I understand that taking umbrage overwhich 19th century figment of the imaginationfills his fictional breeches better is a bit likedebatingwhetherSpandau Ballet orDuran Duran was thefiner band of the '80s.They were both a bitridiculous, if we'rehonest. Nonetheless,the first literary heroyou take under thecovers with you,reading by torchwhen your motheryells up the stairs to turn out the light, isspecial. Edward Rochester was not a man youwould want to be alone with in a darkenedroom.”“In Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre, hewas dismissive of his daughter, uncharitabletowards his wife and menacing towards Jane.Reader, I despised him. At one point, whenJane refuses to become his mistress (becausethat's what she would be, what with the firstMrs R still wearing a hole in the floor upstairs)he threatens that he may not be able to controlhis passion. ‘His voice was hoarse; his lookthat of a man who is just about to burst aninsufferable bond and plunge headlong intowild licence,’ wrote the breathless Brontë. Animplicit threat of rape – hardly the stuff offairytale romance, is it?”“Mr Darcy was not without his faultsbut the whole attraction was that he repentedand changed his ways through the love of agood woman. The words ‘leopard’ and ‘spots’1
had yet to become linked in my verylimited lexicon of love. Rochester, I seemto remember, needed to be blinded andcrippled before he came to his senses.”Emma Clayton in The Telegraphand Argus gives her reasons whyRochester won first place as the mostromantic hero of all time.“Taped to a filing cabinet in thereference library at Haworth’s BrontëParsonage is a faded newspaper cutting:‘In Austen, sex is just a kiss on the hand.In the Brontës, everything happens. WhileJane Austen’s men prance aroundballrooms, cautiously courting gigglinggirls with ringlets, the Brontë heroes broodin dark corners, seething with rage andpassion. When it comes to men, fallinginto the Austen or Brontë camp probablycomes down to whether you’d prefer apompous, emotionally-repressed armycaptain over a passionate Byronic soulriding with wild abandon across theYorkshire moors. I’d rather endure theblack moods, cruel humour and darksecrets of Edward Rochester, broodinghero of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, thanthe sanctimonious sarcasm and infuriatingpride of Fitzwilliam Darcy in Austen’sPride And Prejudice. So I welcomed thenews, reported by the T&A, that MrRochester has beaten Mr Darcy to the topof a Mills & Boon poll of romantic literarycharacters.”“Maybe it reflects the age-old NorthSouth divide; Rochester versus Darcy is a bitlike the Beatles vs the Stones, Oasis vs Blur,Corrie against EastEnders. But for me, it’s lessabout geography and more about sex appeal.Mr Darcy is a smart Alec who lacks theenigmatic appeal of Rochester. I’ve neverwarmed to Jane Austen; finding her characters– with the exception of Elizabeth Bennet –tedious and irritating. Austen’s women sitaround drinking tea, twittering on about goingto balls. They were the WAGS of their day, thekind of women Jane Eyre observed with scornfrom a quiet corner of one of Rochester’sparties. My mum was a fan of Austen’s books– so much so that she named me after one – andencouraged me to give them a go, giving theimpression that they were witty. When Istruggled to plough through Emma as an Alevel text, I found it anything but witty, andwas mortified at being named after awful,meddling Emma Woodhouse. It could havebeen worse. If my mum had been a ThomasHardy fan, I could’ve ended up as Bathsheba orThomasin. Austen’s heroes are as dull as herheroines because she based them on people sheknew from the limited social circles she movedin. The Brontës, encouraged by their father toread poetry, novels and newspapers, wereinspired by charismatic, romantic literary andreal-life figures. Yes, Darcy knows how towork the wet shirt look – but Rochester wouldprobably just rip his shirt off.”STAY IN THE BRONTË ROOM IN LEURAThere’s a retreat in Leura, in the BlueMountains of NSW, called The Greens. Ithas five rooms, each named after a famouswriter – Austen, Browning, Brontë,Shakespeare and Shelley.There’s acommunal dining room, a sitting room, witha full-size billiard table and free internetaccess. How would the writers have enjoyedtheir respective rooms? Charlotte and Arthurmay have been disappointed at havingseparate single beds but Jane would haveenjoyed her king-size bed, even if she wasunable to find somebody to share it. AndWilliam would have felt at home in anElizabethan-style four poster (illustrated).2
The 2009 ITV Production of Wuthering HeightsReviewed by Annette Harman“Nelly, I am Heathcliff” drives thisadaptation. In the rushing opening scenes wepass through wet vegetation to a gothicinspired crenulated pile, representingWuthering Heights.This version isdominated by Heathcliff and Cathy’srelationship, implicitly sexually based, theirshared childhood experiences and their adultobsession with each other. Edgar Linton,more vindictive and less mature than in thenovel, is convincingly portrayed. In myopinion the other characters are well cast,with the exception of Joseph. He lacks themalignancy of the original. Reducing thenumber of characters allows us to focus moreWhere is Lockwood?Where isZillah? Where are Mr and Mrs Linton andMrs Earnshaw? I miss them all. If we aregoing to be shown Catherine’s grave couldthe dates be correct on her headstone? Whythe skeleton? What happened to peatyembalming of the moors?The 1930s film adaptation of Emily’snovel, Wuthering Heights, starring MerleOberon and Lawrence Olivier, is thefoundation for the most recent production ofWuthering Heights. Remember Heathcliffand Catherine, in the oft-parodied scene,hallooing to each other across a windsweptand gloomy moor? Fast forward to a modernbrooding rock-star, or a throwback to 1970sheavy metal – think Led Zepplin – and herecomes Heathcliff! Then we have statusobsessed Catherine, preening in her silkdresses.We can then replay romanticintensity to our hearts’ content.Heathcliff, both the persecuted andthe persecuting, runs the show. d – I don’t think that was Emily’sintention. After all, it is Catherine as aghostly presence who haunts Heathcliff foreighteen years.Her daughter, anotherCatherine, dilutes Heathcliff’s evil power, bystrength, education and redemptive love.Since the 1930s, in the popularimagination, Wuthering Heights has been apurely romantic love story about Heathcliffand Cathy.Cathy’s famous declarationon Isabella and Hindley.The Yorkshire accents are sometimesdifficult to follow, just like Joseph’s vinegaryspeech in the novel.I don’t find itconvincing.It has a narrow romanticinterpretation. Many important charactersare missing and it deviates markedly from theoriginal storyline. But I will watch it again.However,despitetheaboveshortcomings, I do like this interpretation ofWuthering Heights. It is powerful andpassionate. The cinematic quality of thefilming is dramatic and beautifully dark. Ihope the production team will win awards fortheir work. The costumes, though perhaps alittle too Austenesque, are lovely and theinteriors and exteriors are well crafted.3
BRONTË BIOGRAPHIES FORBUSY BEGINNERS: PATRICKIn the early 1980s I presented a four part series of radio broadcasts for station 2SER.There are plenty of extensive biographies of Charlotte, Emily, Ann, Branwell and theirfather Patrick, but these short radio scripts give the main facts for those newer ABAmembers who may not have had time to read any of the book length biographies. In thisissue we meet Patrick, the Father of the Brontës.Christopher Cooperborn when he went to Cambridge to study fora degree. In 1802, with the encouragementand possibly some financial help from theReverend Thomas Tighe (whose sons he hadbeen tutoring) Patrick enrolled himself at StJohn’s College Cambridge.MUSIC: A College ChoirMALE NARRATOR: The name recordedin the college books was Patrick Brunty.Various college records contained his namewith several minor variations of spelling butit was as Patrick Brontë, with two dots overthe “e”, that he took out his degree in 1806.This brings us to an interesting point as to theorigin of the name. His ancestors wereknown as O’Prunty. Patrick’s birth and thoseof his brothers were registered as “Brunty”.However in 1799 a couple of years beforePatrick went to Cambridge, Lord Nelson wascreated Duke of Bronte by Ferdinand theFirst. Bronte (spelt without the dots over the“e”) is a town in Sicily. Incidentally Bronte,the seaside suburb of Sydney, owes its namedirectly to Nelson’s title.It is known that Patrick admired LordNelson greatly so it seems likely thatNelson’s title inspired him to modify thespelling of his name and call himself Bronte.The accent on the “e” seems to have beenpurely an invention of his own to add furtherdistinction. Now Patrick never denied hisIrish background but he quietly played itdown and the change of name would havehelped. It’s interesting to reflect that theauthoress of Wuthering Heights might havebeen known as Emily O’Prunty! So LordNelson, one of England’s greatest heroesunwittingly gave his name to three ofEngland’s greatest heroines.MUSIC: Death of NelsonMUSIC: Death of NelsonMALE NARRATOR: It was a day early inthe year 1820 when a trail of removal cartsmade its way slowly up the steep streets ofHaworth, a small village in Yorkshire.Following behind was a gig, in which theBrontë family rode. There was the ReverendPatrick Brontë and his delicate wife Mariaholding the baby Anne. Sitting between hisparents was their only son Branwell andbundled in the back were the other fourdaughters, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte andEmily.MUSICMALE NARRATOR: Patrick was then 43and he was bringing his young family to livein Haworth where he had the incumbency.He was born in 1777 on St Patrick’s Day,and possibly owes his name to that fact. Hewas one of ten children born to Hugh andEleanor Brunty. They lived in a small whitewashed cabin in Drumballeroney in CountyDown, Northern Ireland. It was in a remotevalley where the Mountains of Mourne randown to the sea.MUSIC: The Mountains of MourneMALE NARRATOR: Patrick was a boy ofcommanding presence, tall with dark red hairand pale blue eyes, vigorous in body anddecidedly strong in mind. He taught himselfto read from the three or four books whichhis practically illiterate parents chanced toown. At first he was apprenticed to ablacksmith and then as a linen-weaver anddraper, though by the time he was 16 he wasalready teaching in the neighbouring village.Not much is known of Patrick’s earlydays in Ireland, to a large extent because hehimself felt that his humble beginnings wereunimportant. The real Patrick Brontë was4
MALE NARRATOR: Patrick took out hisdegree in 1806 and was ordained. He movedto Weatherfield in Essex and from there toWellington in Shropshire. Finally he came tothe West Riding of Yorkshire on therecommendation of William Morgan whohad been a fellow curate at Wellington. NowWilliam Morgan was at the time engaged toJane Fennell the daughter of the principal ofa school for Wesleyan ministers. Morganfrequently took Patrick with him to visit theFennels and it was there that he met MariaBranwell, cousin to Jane. Maria Branwellhad lived in Penzance in Cornwall but havingbecome an orphan she moved to live with hercousins. She was small, neat, well-educatedand highly intelligent and she and Patrick fellin love. In December 1812 a double weddingtook place – Fennell-Morgan and BranwellBrontë. During their courtship Maria andPatrick exchanged a number of letters. OnlyMaria’s have survived but we can get an ideaof his by the manner in which she replied tothem. These letters revealed Maria as a mostcharming sympathetic and affectionatewoman with a gentle humour and well ableto express herself in writing. They also showa brightness and sprightly wit in Patrickwhich the tragedy of later years removed. Itwasn’t until most of this tragedy had takenplace, when in fact only Charlotte and herfather remained of that once large and happyfamily (Anne having died the previous year)that Mr Brontë showed these letters toCharlotte. In a letter to her friend Charlottedescribed her feelings on reading them.CHARLOTTE: A few days since, a littleincident happened which curiously touchedme. Papa put into my hands a little packet ofletters and papers telling me that they weremama’s and that I might read them. I didread them in a frame of mind I cannotdescribe. The papers were yellow with timeall having been written before I was born. Itwas strange now to peruse for the first timethe records of a mind whence my own sprangand most strange and at once sad and sweetto find that mind of a truly fine pure andelevated order. There is a rectitude, arefinement, a constancy, a modesty, a sense,a gentleness about them indescribable. Iwish she had lived and that I had known her.MARIA: To Reverend Patrick Brontë,August 20th 1812.My dear friend,I do indeed consider you as myfriend yet when I consider how short a time Ihave had the pleasure of knowing you I startat my own rashness. I will frankly confessthat your behaviour and what I have seen andheard of your character, has excited mywarmest esteem and regard.September 5th 1812My dearest friend,I have just received your affectionateand very welcome letter and although I shallnot be able to send this until Monday, yet Icannot deny myself the pleasure of writing afew lines this evening, no longer consideringit a task but a pleasure, next to that of readingyours. I pitied you in your solitude and feltsorry that it was not in my power to enlivenit. Have you not been too hasty in informingyour friends of a certain event? Why did younot leave them to guess a little longer? Ishrink from the idea of its being known toeverybody. I do indeed sometimes think ofyou but I will not say how often lest I raiseyour vanity. Your ludicrous account of thescene at the Hermitage was highly diverting.We laughed heartily at it.September 18th 1812My dearest friend,How readily do I reply with my dear Mr B’srequest. You see you have only to expressyour wishes and as far as my power extends Ihesitate not to fulfil them. I do not knowwhether you dare show your face here again.After the blunder you have committed, whenwe got to the house on Thursday evening wefound that Mr and Mrs Bedford had beenthere and that they had requested you tomention their intention of coming, a singlehint of which you never gave. Poor I, too,came in for a share in the hard words whichwere bestowed upon you for they all agreedthat I was the cause of it. Mr Fennell saidyou were certainly mazed and talked of5
sending you to York. However I shallsuspend my judgment until I hear whatexcuse you can make for yourself.is the first disastrous circumstance which hadoccurred since I left my home.MUSICMALE NARRATOR: Now that we knowsomething of Patrick and his wife let usreturn to that straggling procession which bynow has reached its destination – HaworthParsonage, their home for the rest of theirlives. Mrs Gaskell, Charlotte’s biographer,gave this very vivid impression of the house.FEMALE NARRATOR: HaworthParsonage is an oblong stone house, facingdown the hill on which the village stands,and with the front door right opposite to thewestern door of the church, distant about ahundred yards. Of this space twenty yards orso in depth are occupied by the grassygarden, which is scarcely wider than thehouse. The graveyard goes round house andgarden, on all sides but one. The houseconsists of four rooms on each floor, and istwo stories high. When the Brontës tookpossession, they made the larger parlour, tothe left of the entrance, the family sittingroom, while that on the right wasappropriated to Mr Brontë as a study.Behind this was a kitchen; behind the former,a sort of flagged store room. Upstairs werefour bed chambers of similar size, with theaddition of a small apartment over thepassage, or “lobby” as we call it in the North.This was to the front, the staircase going upright opposite the entrance. There is thepleasant old fashion of window seats allthrough the house; and one can see that theparsonage was built in the days when woodwas plentiful, as the massive stair banisters,and the wainscots, and the heavy windowframes testify.This little extra upstairs room wasappropriated to the children. Small as it was,it was not called a nursery; indeed, it had notthe comfort of a fireplace in it; the servants –two rough, affectionate, warm hearted sisterswho cannot now speak of the family withouttears, called the room the children’s study.The age of the eldest student was perhaps bythis time seven.MALE NARRATOR: “In Haworth,”Patrick told Mrs Gaskell, “my familyOctober 3rd, 1812.How could my dear friend so cruellydisappoint me. Had he known how much Ihad set my heart on having a letter thisafternoon I’m sure he would not havepermitted a little matter to hinder him. Butwhatever was the reason of your not writing Icannot believe it to have been neglect orunkindness. Therefore I do not in the leastblame you. I only beg that in future you willjudge of my feelings by your own and ifpossible never let me expect a letter withoutreceiving one. Two months ago I could notpossibly have believed that you would everengross so much of my thoughts andaffection and far less could I have thoughtthat I should be so forward as to tell you so.November 18th, 1812.My dear saucy Pat,Now don‘t you think you deserve this epithetfar more than I do that which you have givenme. I really know not what to make of thebeginning of your last. The winds, wavesand rocks almost stunned me. I thought youwere giving me the account of some terribledream having no idea that your livelyimagination should make so much of theslight reproof. What will you say when youget a real downright scolding? I suppose younever expected to be any the richer for mebut I am sorry to inform you that I am stillpoorer than I thought myself. I mentionedhaving sent for my books, clothes etc. OnSaturday the evening about the time youwere writing the description of yourimaginary shipwreck I was reading of a realone, having then received a letter from mysister giving me an account of the vessel inwhich she had sent my box being stranded onthe coast of Devonshire, in consequence ofwhich the box was dashed to pieces and mylittle property swallowed up in the mightydeep. If this should not prove the prelude tosomething worse I shall think little of it as it6
afflictions began. After a happy union ofnine years and only one year’s residence inHaworth, m
Catherine, dilutes Heathcliff’s evil power, by strength, education and redemptive love. Since the 1930s, in the popular imagination, Wuthering Heights has been a purely romantic love story about Heathcliff and Cathy. Cathy’s famous declaration “Nelly,
May 02, 2018 · D. Program Evaluation ͟The organization has provided a description of the framework for how each program will be evaluated. The framework should include all the elements below: ͟The evaluation methods are cost-effective for the organization ͟Quantitative and qualitative data is being collected (at Basics tier, data collection must have begun)
Silat is a combative art of self-defense and survival rooted from Matay archipelago. It was traced at thé early of Langkasuka Kingdom (2nd century CE) till thé reign of Melaka (Malaysia) Sultanate era (13th century). Silat has now evolved to become part of social culture and tradition with thé appearance of a fine physical and spiritual .
On an exceptional basis, Member States may request UNESCO to provide thé candidates with access to thé platform so they can complète thé form by themselves. Thèse requests must be addressed to esd rize unesco. or by 15 A ril 2021 UNESCO will provide thé nomineewith accessto thé platform via their émail address.
̶The leading indicator of employee engagement is based on the quality of the relationship between employee and supervisor Empower your managers! ̶Help them understand the impact on the organization ̶Share important changes, plan options, tasks, and deadlines ̶Provide key messages and talking points ̶Prepare them to answer employee questions
Dr. Sunita Bharatwal** Dr. Pawan Garga*** Abstract Customer satisfaction is derived from thè functionalities and values, a product or Service can provide. The current study aims to segregate thè dimensions of ordine Service quality and gather insights on its impact on web shopping. The trends of purchases have
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Australian Patent No. 692929 Australian Patent No. 708311 Australian Patent No. 709987 Australian Patent No. 710420 Australian Patent No. 711699 Australian Patent No. 712238 Australian Patent No. 728154 Australian Patent No. 731197 PATENTED NO. EP0752134 PATENTED NO.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
