STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS TABLE OF

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STANDARD CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONSTABLE OF CONTENTSSECTION 31 23 33TRENCHING AND BACKFILLPART 1 GENERAL .31.1 Description . 3A. Excavation for Utilities Includes . 3B. Suitable Fill Material . 4C. Excavated Material Transport. 4D. Backfill and Fill Compaction . 4E. Excavation Dewatering . 41.2 Submittals . 41.3 Protection . 4A. Utility Notification Center . 4B. Exploratory Test Pits . 5C. Sheeting, Shoring and Bracing . 5D. Construction Sheeting Left in Place . 5E. Removal of Water . 61.4 Definitions . 6A. Bedding and Pipe Zone Backfill . 6B. Trench Backfill Zone . 6C. Bedding, Pipe Zone, and Backfill Classification . 6D. Foundation & Street Base Stabilization . 7E. Classification of Excavated Material . 71.5 Quality Assurance . 7A. Compaction Requirements . 7B. Testing Requirements . 71.6 References. 7PART 2 MATERIALS .82.1 Native Backfill Material . 82.2 Granular Backfill Material . 82.3 Foundation Stabilization Material . 8PART 3 EXECUTION .83.1 Preparation . 83.2 Obstructions and Existing Facilities . 93.3 Interfering Structures or Roadways . 103.4 Easements . 103.5 Trench and Utility Vault Excavation . 113.6 Excavation Below Grade . 133.7 Tunneling . 13Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 1

3.83.93.103.113.123.13Pipe Bedding . 13Pipe Zone and Trench Backfill . 13Compaction Testing . 14Utility Crossings . 14Disposal of Unsuitable and Surplus Material . 15Surface Restoration and Clean-Up . 15Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 2

PART 11.1GENERALDescriptionWork covered in this Section includes trench excavation for pipe, utility vaults andother utilities, pipe and utility vault bedding, and trench and utility vault backfill.Excavation classifications and backfill materials are specified in Section 31 23 00,Excavation and Backfill, General.A.Excavation for Utilities Includes1.The work of making all necessary excavations for the construction of allcontract work.2.Furnishing, placing and use of sheeting, shoring, and sheet pilingnecessary in excavating for and protecting the work and workmen.3.Performing all pumping and work necessary to keep the trenches freefrom water.4.Providing for uninterrupted flow of existing rivers, treatment plantprocesses, drains, and sewers and the temporary disposal of water fromother sources during the progress of the work.5.Damming and coffer damming where necessary.6.Supporting and protecting all structures, pipes, conduits, culverts,railroad tracks, posts, poles, wires, fences, buildings, and other publicand private property adjacent to the work.7.Removing and replacing existing sewers, culverts, pipelines, andbulkheads where necessary.8.Removing after completion of the work all sheeting and shoring notnecessary to support the sides of excavations.9.Removing all surplus excavated material.10.Performing all backfilling and rough grading of compacted backfill tolimits specified or ordered by the Engineer.11.Restoring all property damaged as a result of the work involved in thiscontract.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 3

B.Suitable Fill MaterialThe work includes obtaining and transporting suitable fill material from offsite when suitable on-site material is not available.C.Excavated Material TransportThe work includes transporting surplus excavated material not needed forbackfill at the location where the excavation is made, to other parts of the workwhere filling is required, or disposal of all surplus material on other sitesprovided by the Contractor.D.Backfill and Fill CompactionTest consolidated backfill material in trenches around pipes and structures inconformance with “Compaction Tests” specified herein. Where tests indicateinsufficient values, perform additional tests as required by the Engineer.Testing shall continue until specified values have been attained by additionalcompaction effort.E.Excavation DewateringThe work includes furnishing and installing temporary facilities to treat anddispose of any water pumped from the trench or utility vault excavations in aproper and approved manner in accordance with all laws and regulations.1.21.3SubmittalsA.Submit results of aggregate sieve analysis and T-180 proctor value. Valuessubmitted shall be used for all granular material compaction testing.B.See Section 01 33 00 for Contractor submittals.ProtectionA.Utility Notification CenterThe Contractor shall contact the Utilities Notification Center at least 48 hoursprior to beginning trenching activities. Additional follow-up calls shall bemade when necessary as the work progresses to ensure that all utilities withinthe work zone are located to prevent damage.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 4

B.Exploratory Test PitsThe Contractor shall dig such exploratory test pits as may be necessary inadvance of excavation to determine the exact location and elevation ofsubsurface structures, pipelines, duct banks, conduits, and other obstructionswhich are likely to be encountered or need to be connected to and shall makeacceptable provision for their protection, support, and maintenance of theircontinued operation.C.D.Sheeting, Shoring and Bracing1.The Contractor shall furnish and install adequate sheeting, shoring, andbracing to maintain safe working conditions, and to protect newly builtwork and all adjacent and neighboring structures from damage bysettlement or other ground movement.2.Bracing shall be arranged so as not to place a strain on portions ofcompleted work until the construction has proceeded far enough toprovide ample strength. Sheeting and bracing may be withdrawn andremoved at the time of backfilling, but the Contractor shall beresponsible for all damage to newly built work and adjacent andneighboring structures.Construction Sheeting Left in Place1.The Contractor shall furnish, install, and leave in place, constructionsheeting and bracing when specified or when indicated or shown on theDrawings.2.Construction sheeting and bracing, placed by the Contractor to protectadjacent and neighboring structures, may be left in place if desired by theContractor. All such sheeting and bracing left in place shall be includedin the cost for excavation.3.Any construction sheeting and bracing which the Contractor has placedto facilitate its work may be ordered in writing by the Engineer to be leftin place. The right of the Engineer to order sheeting and bracing to beleft in place shall not be construed as creating an obligation on its part toissue such orders. Failure of the Engineer to order sheeting and bracingto be left in place shall not relieve the Contractor of its responsibilityunder the contract.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 5

E.Removal of Water1.2.1.4The Contractor shall at all times during construction provide andmaintain ample means and devices with which to remove promptly anddispose of properly all water entering the excavations or other parts ofthe work and shall keep said excavations dry until the pipelines to beplaced therein are completed. In water bearing sand, well points and/orsheeting shall be supplied, together with pumps and other appurtenancesof ample capacity to keep the excavation dry as specified.The Contractor shall dispose of water from the work in a suitable legalmanner without damage to adjacent property or structures.See section 31 23 19 Dewatering for additional information.DefinitionsA.Bedding and Pipe Zone BackfillBedding and pipe zone backfill is defined as the furnishing, placing andcompacting of material below, around, and above the top of the pipe barrel tothe dimensions shown on the trench detail on the Drawings. The minimumdepth for pipe bedding shall be 6 inches. The compaction requirement for thepipe bedding and pipe zone shall be as shown on Standard Drawing W1.17.1.B.Trench Backfill ZoneTrench backfill is defined as the furnishing, placing and compacting ofmaterial in the trench above the pipe zone, up to bottom of the pavement baserock, ground surface, or surface material.C.Bedding, Pipe Zone, and Backfill ClassificationClass A: Use native or common material that, in the opinion of the Engineer,meets the characteristics required for the specific surface loading or othercriteria of the backfill zone.Class B: Use Granular Material consisting of gravel or crushed Rock meetingthe requirements of Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Backfill, General.Designated size shall be 1" - 0 or 3/4" - 0.Class C: Use clean sand with no particle size larger than 1/4 inch.Class D: Use pit run or bar run material, well-graded from coarse to fine. Themaximum dimension shall be 3 inches.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 6

Class E: Use CLSM conforming to Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Backfill,General.D.Foundation & Street Base StabilizationFoundation stabilization is defined as removing unsuitable native materialbelow the design grade of the area being excavated and replacing andcompacting with crushed rock to the dimensions shown on the trench detail, asapproved by the Engineer, or as otherwise directed by the Engineer.Foundation stabilization material shall be placed in lifts not to exceed eight (8)inches and compacted to 95 percent of the maximum density at optimummoisture content.E.Classification of Excavated MaterialExcavated materials are defined within Section 31 23 00, Excavation andBackfill, General.1.5Quality AssuranceA.Compaction RequirementsIn place dry density of compacted material shall be at the percent of maximumdry density specified or shown at optimum moisture content determined on thebasis of the latest edition of AASHTO T-180.B.Testing RequirementsAn independent laboratory retained by the Contractor and approved by theEngineer will perform all soil sampling and testing. Testing locations andfrequencies shall be determined by the Engineer. All testing will be paid forby the Contractor.1.6ReferencesA.Standard Specifications for Public Works, APWA, current manual, hereinaftercalled “APWA Standard Specifications”.B.Oregon Department of Transportation, Standard Specifications for HighwayConstruction, current manual, hereinafter called “Standard Specifications forHighway Construction”.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 7

PART 22.1MATERIALSNative Backfill MaterialNative backfill material shall be select excavated native material free fromroots or other organic material, trash, mud, muck, frozen material, and largestones and shall comply with the select native fill specification within Section31 23 00, Excavation and Backfill, General. When native excavated materialis approved by the Engineer for backfill around the pipe, it shall be free ofrocks, cobbles, stones, or other debris having a dimension greater than 1-1/2inches.2.2Granular Backfill MaterialUnless otherwise shown on the plans or specified herein, granular backfillmaterial shall be well graded crushed rock with a maximum aggregate size of3/4-inch in the bedding and pipe zone, and a maximum aggregate size of 1-1/2inch in the trench backfill zone. All gradations of crushed rock shall complywith Section 31 23 00, Excavation and Backfill, General.2.3Foundation Stabilization MaterialFoundation stabilization material shall be 6 inch - 2 inch or 4 inch - 2 inchgravel, free from clay balls and organic debris, and being well crushed gravelor crushed rock graded with less than 8 percent by weight passing the 1/4-inchsieve, as approved by the Engineer.PART 33.1EXECUTIONPreparationA.The site of an open cut excavation shall be first cleared of all obstructionspreparatory to excavation. Wherever paved or surfaced streets are cut, sawwheel or approved cutting devices shall be used. Width of pavement cut shallnot be less than 12 inches greater than trench width. Any cut or brokenpavement shall be removed from site during excavation.BThe Contractor shall maintain street traffic at all times and erect and maintainbarricades, warning signs, traffic cones, and other safety devices duringconstruction in accordance with the latest edition of Manual of UniformTraffic Control Devices (MUTCD), Part 6, to protect the traveling public inany area applicable. Provide flaggers as required during active work inroadway areas.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 8

3.2C.The intent of specifications is that all streets, structures, and utilities are be leftin a condition equal to or better than their original condition. Where damageoccurs and cannot be repaired or replaced, the Contractor shall purchase andinstall new material, which is satisfactory to the Owner. Plans and/orspecifications cover and govern replacement and restoration of foreseeabledamage.D.Where clearing of the right of way is necessary, it shall be completed inaccordance with Section 31 11 00, Clearing and Grubbing prior to the start ofthe trenching.E.The Contractor’s operations shall be confined to rights-of-way and easementsprovided. Avoid encroachment on, or damage to, private property or existingutilities unless prior arrangements have been made with the Owners and a copyof said arrangements submitted to the Engineer.Obstructions and Existing FacilitiesA.Obstructions to the construction of the trench which may be encountered anddo not require replacement such as tree roots, stumps, abandoned piling,abandoned buildings and concrete structures, logs, rubbish, and debris of alltypes shall be removed without additional compensation from the Owner. TheEngineer may, if requested, make changes in the trench alignment to avoidmajor obstructions, if such alignment changes can be made within theperpetual easement and right-of-way and without adversely affecting theintended function of the facility or increased costs to the Owner.B.Remaining ends of abandoned pipes or portions of other items partiallyremoved under this work, which would be left exposed after final excavation,shall be removed to within a minimum of one (1) foot of the subgrade orelevation. Ends of abandoned pipes in backfill or embankment areas shall beplugged and sealed as approved. Abandoned railroad tracks shall be removedonly as directed by the Engineer or the Engineer’s representative. Streetsurfacing, rail ties, bricks, concrete foundations, and all track appurtenancesshall be removed by cutting or other approved methods.Standard Specifications - ONLINETrenching and Backfill31 23 33 - 9

3.33.4Interfering Structures or RoadwaysA.The Contractor shall remove, replace, and/or repair any damage done by theContractor during construction to fences, buildings, cultivated fields, drainagecrossings, and any other properties at its own expense and without additionalcompensation from the Owner. The Contractor shall replace or repair thesestructures to a condition as good as or better than their pre-constructioncondition prior to commencing work in the area.B.Where paved roadways are cut, trench backfill will be Class D as definedherein. New pavement shall be equal to or better than the existing pavedsurface, and shall not deviate by more than 1/4-inch from the existing finishelevation. In addition, new pavement shall conform to the Standards andSpecifications of the agency which has jurisdiction over the roadway beingpaved.C.If the Contractor encounters existing structures, which will preventconstruction and are not adequately shown on the plans, the Contractor shallnotify the Engineer before continuing with the work in order that the Engineermay make such field revisions as necessary to avoid conflict with the existingconditions. The cost of waiting or “down time” during such field revisionsshall be borne by the Contractor without additional cost to the Owner orliability to the Engineer. If the Contractor fails to so notify the Engineer whena conflict of this nature is encountered, but proceeds with construction despitethis interference, the Contractor shall do so at the Contractor’s own risk withno additional payment.EasementsA.Where portions of the work are located on pr

B. Suitable Fill Material The work includes obtaining and transporting suitable fill material from off-site when suitable on-site material is not available. C. Excavated Material Transport The work includes transporting surplus excavated material not needed for backfill at the location

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