Contents: MyGrammarLab Advanced C1–C2

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Contents: MyGrammarLab Advanced C1–C2IntroductionGlossary811unitNouns, possessives and pronounsartpre-start Diagnostic test1Nouns2Possessive ’s3Possessive with ’s or of ?4Personal pronouns5Impersonal andindefinite pronouns12Gender, nouns ending in -s, noun–verb agreement,countable/uncountable nouns:two pieces of furniture, a soft cheese from the PyreneesDouble possessives, specifying/classifying:expensive children’s clothes, the older children’s clothesten minutes’ drive, the fire of 1666Subject/object pronouns, reflexive and reciprocal pronouns:themselves, each other, one anotherYou never know! They’ve changed the law.One can sympathise with that view.something, somewhere, everything, anyoneReviewArticles, demonstratives and quantifiersArticles78Fixed common usesQuantifiers and demonstratives10Prepositions of place andmovement11Prepositions of time;other meaningsagainst, alongside, over the road; up the M1;saving towards a holiday (metaphorical)before six o’clock, by Thursday, on/in time; due to, for (reason);against (comparison); besides, except, made (of ), on behalf of48ReviewAdjectives and adverbsComparative andsuperlative adjectives15Other comparative patterns16Gradable andungradable adjectives17Adverb form and use18Adverb positionReview3505458law and orderpre-start Diagnostic test14384046as well as; despite (the fact that); no choice except to;Stranded prepositions: the job I applied forGroups of adjectives34244Prepositions andprepositional phrases1328landmarkspre-start Diagnostic testAdjective patterns2432Naming, describing and classifying: an African elephant,the African elephant, African elephantsArticle/no article: in prison; without hope, the hope of finding a cureShe plays tennis/the violin; two dollars an hourboth, some, either, none of; this, that, these, thoseReview1220international organisationsPrepositions91830pre-start Diagnostic test614160Attributive and predicative position:They saw an exciting film. She became uneasy.the lost ring, the only seat available,concerned residents, the topic discussedAdjective order: a fantastic new MP3 playerPaired adjectives: grey and white uniforms, simple yet effectiveIntensifying and weakening comparisons:considerably more important, by far the largestnot as large as, more and more important,The longer you leave it, the worse it’ll get. It feels like silk.highly intelligent, quite interesting, virtually blind; It’s absolutely free.Confusing forms: close/closely, late/lately, etc.Modifying: deeply ashamed, quite a shock, so beautifullyThey hardly ever watch television.I take my health more seriously now.4626668727680828663M03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 6320/12/2011 15:14

ContentsunitTenses5the cinemapre-start Diagnostic test19Auxiliaries and have got20Present simple or continuous?21Past simple and continuous;used to and would22Past perfect simpleand continuous23Present perfect simple24Present perfect continuous25State verbs88I haven’t seen it. Do you enjoy the theatre?You’re being silly. I’ve got the results.90Permanent/temporary situations, regular/repeated actions,series of events, trends, etc.Actions completed, in progress, interrupted, etc.It used to be a capital city. We would get up early every Thursday.Sequences of past actions, giving reasons:All the leaves had fallen from the trees before we arrived.Ongoing situations, unfinished time periods, present results:I’ve only been there once. The house has stood here for 200 years.I’ve been looking into this recently. It’s clear you’ve been revising.It means ‘stop’. You’re always meaning to call but you never do.Sense verbs, e.g. hear; performative verbs, e.g. thankReviewPredictions27Decisions, intentions andarrangements28Other ways of expressingthe future29Future in the pastI was going/was about to tell you but The results were due to arrive/have arrived this morning.303132Speculation and expectation33Obligation and necessity34Prohibition and criticism35Certainty, habits and willingness36Other uses of modals124128136138140can, could; be able to, manage to, succeed incan, could, may, might, be able toThis must be the place. You can’t be serious!She may be on the next train.142have to, have got to, must, need to, should, ought toWe’re not obliged to give a refund.You mustn’t do that. You should have been here ages ago.He’ll be at home now. The car would never start on winter mornings.If you’ll take a seat for a moment May I interrupt? What shall we do today? Will you have some cake?Would you lend me the car? You should consider it.I’d like you to come. I wouldn’t say that.146150152156160the environmentpre-start Diagnostic test16237if and alternatives; presentand future conditions38Unlikely, unreal andpast conditions39I wish and if onlyprovided that, whether or not, unlessZero conditional: If you can’t read this, you need glasses.First conditional: If you get home late, I’ll be in bed.Second conditional: If they were here, we would see them.Third conditional: I would have called you if I had your number.Mixed conditional: If they left at 11.30, they’ll be here soon.I wish I had a car. If only you weren’t so untidy!40Subjunctives and the‘unreal’ pastThe judge insisted that they clear the court.They act as if they owned the place. It’s high time you did some work.Review120sportReview8112134Conditionals, subjunctives and the ‘unreal’ past8110132Modal verbs7106118It won’t be light before 6 a.m. That player’s going to be booked.He’ll have had the operation by next month.They’ll have been travelling for eight months by the end of May.I’m going home now. I ’m staying in tonight.Will you be staying long? We are to be informed by post.Roadworks are due to start on 16th February.Hurry! We’re about to leave. We’ll leave when the rain has stopped.Reviewpre-start Diagnostic testAbilityPossibility102politics and Economicspre-start Diagnostic test2698116Future forms69416416817217417864M03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 6420/12/2011 15:14

ContentsunitWord order and verb patternsinternational travel and tourismpre-start Diagnostic test41Verb patterns (1)42Verb patterns (2)43Introductory there and it44Common expressionswith there and it45Infinitive patterns46Verb -ing forms;verb -ing form or infinitive?180Transitive and intransitive verbsVerb prepositional phrase:He carefully removed the egg from the nest.Verb two objects: They awarded him a scholarship.Verb (object) complement:The journey made the children irritable.182184There’s a man sitting in the corner. It is said that I hate it when There’s supposed to be a meeting today. There’s no point in It’s no secret They were lucky to find a hotel. He daren’t go out.Infinitive of purpose: She’s gone to collect the children.Winning this match is important. I can’t imagine him saying that.I remember seeing that play years ago.Did you remember to lock the door?Review188192194198202Negatives and question formsclubs and societiespre-start Diagnostic test20447Negative forms andmeanings (1)You won’t get any advice from them. You’ll get no help from them.Not many people know that. I hope we won’t be late.20648Negative forms andmeanings (2)Negative prefixes: This species is not dissimilar to the coral snake.Didn’t they come after all? Why didn’t you tell me?I fail to understand why 21049Questions andquestion wordsSubject questions: Who invited Jack?Would you prefer a bath or a shower? What’s for dinner?Which do you fancy? Who are you buying it for?214ReviewReported speechPatterns in reported speech51Changes in reported speech52Reported questions, commandsand requestsfamous speeches220He told us that he was wrong. He admitted that he was wrong.She begged us not to leave. They accused him of taking the money.‘I’m going on holiday.’ She said she was/is going on holiday.She asked what they were doing. She told us to come back later.I asked you not to bring a present.Review54Pronouns, adverbs andprepositions in relative clauses55Participle clauses56Infinitive clauses57Noun clauses and other nounstructuresReview11226230figures from historypre-start Diagnostic testRelative clauses222232Relative, participle and other clauses5310218pre-start Diagnostic test509234Defining: Is this the book that you wanted?Non-defining: He lost the match, which ended his career.Comment clause: We waited for ages, which was really annoying.It’s the man whose car was towed away.The person to whom this letter is addressed It was the day when the heatwave started.The goods, half of which were damaged, arrived today.You can invite whoever you like.Turning the corner, we saw the sea at last.Treated with care, this product will last for years.Reduced relatives: The students living upstairs are very noisy.Defining: He was the only one to stay on afterwards.Purpose: He took a year to travel and see the world.Result: He rushed out, only to realise he’d forgotten his keys.Tell us about what you saw. It doesn’t say who painted it.Comparison clause:There are fewer cars in central London than there were previously.2361224024424825025265M03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 6520/12/2011 15:14

Contentsunit13Conjunctions and linking expressionsdisasters254pre-start diagnostic test58Linking sentences and clauses59Subordinate clauses (1)time, reason, result, etc.60Subordinate clauses (2)contrast and concession61Adverbial linking expressionsnot only but also, either or, neither nor, when, after,if, althoughIt wasn’t Tom who told me, it was Mary.Can you look after the baby until I get back?I was so busy that I forgot to call you.She acts as though she hasn’t a care in the world.256258The electricity company switched me to a higher rate, even though I’dasked them not to.It’s very kind of you to invite us. All the same, we feel that it would beunwise for us to attend.Review14historical sitespre-start diagnostic testThe passive: form and use63Other passive structures64Causative:have /get something done270Passive -ing form: We regret not being told about it.Passive infinitive: The files need to be updated.Verbs with two objects: The customer was offered a refund.272Passive reporting structures: He was believed to be innocent.He got caught. He was made to work late.They had the roof repaired last year.We got them to give us a refund.I’ll have my secretary email you the details.276278Review15280Word combinations65pre-start diagnostic testDependent prepositions (1)66Dependent prepositions (2)67Phrasal verbs68Common collocationstechnology282284insist on, a demand for, keen on, concerned about, etc.be annoyed at finding/to find, insist on/thatThey accused her of stealing. Can you explain it to me?Prepositional verb: I’ll look into that.286Phrasal: I made up that story. I made it up.Phrasal-prepositional: We let him in on the plan.light meal, poor health, make an enquiry, do the shopping,have a chat, take turns, etc.290294Review16298Word formation and words often confusednatural historypre-start diagnostic test697071282Suffixes and prefixes: history/historian, centre/central,Word formationargue/argument, drive/overdrive, pay/repay, etc.Compound nouns and adjectives headache, mobile phone, feedback, user-friendly, self-conscious, etc.make/do, bring/take/fetch, speak/talk, lay/lie, raise/rise, rob/stealVerbs often confusedReview17264268The passive62262284286290298The grammar of formal Englishliteraturepre-start diagnostic test312The exhibition opens today. It will run for six weeks.This reflects both my opinions and those of others.Most people enjoy swimming but I don’t.Anyone wishing to ask a question should feel free to do so.72Substitution (1)nouns and noun phrases73Substitution (2)verbs and verb phrases74EllipsisLucy went to the counter and (she) asked for a coffee.She said she was going out but she didn’t say where (she was going).32075Emphasis (1)cleft sentencesIt clefts: It was Will Smith that Tom saw at the awards party.Wh- clefts: What we did was (to) buy tickets in advance.The last thing (that) we did was (to) pack the kettle.32231431666M03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 6620/12/2011 15:14

contentsunitThe grammar of formal English continued 76Emphasis (2)inversion and fronting77Organising informationin writing78Other text featuresOnly later did Dickens produce full novels.Then came the turning point as Ed scored a goal.Emily cleaned the kitchen first. The other rooms she left for later.Information principle: The door opened and John walked in. He wascarrying a black leather briefcase.End-weight principle: The champion was beaten by an unknownplayer of only twenty-one from the depths of Siberia.Contrast: The car looked small. But inside it was quite spacious.Nominalisation:The government hesitated to lower taxes, which caused unrest. The government’s hesitation to lower taxes caused unrest.Formality: The show starts at nine o’clock. The performance commences at nine o’clock.Parallel structures: To err is human; to forgive, divine.Review326330334338The grammar of spoken Englishleisure activitiespre-start diagnostic test79Spoken questions and responses80Emphatic forms in speech81Adverbs82Hypothesising in speech83Other spoken features340Indirect questions: Could you tell me when he left?Question tags: Nobody has phoned, have they?Echo questions: ‘Jim’s been promoted.’ ‘Has he? That’s great!’Short responses: ‘I didn’t want to go.’ ‘Me neither.’Do let me help you with that heavy case.Why on earth did you do that?You must go. There are so many bargains this year.Modifying: dead scary, a bit boringSentence adverbs: frankly, luckily, to tell the truthWhat if we miss the train?Suppose your parents had found out, how would they have felt?Hurry up! It’s time we left for the airport.Bring your swimsuit in case there’s a pool there.Ellipsis: ‘Want to buy some tickets?’ ‘Mmm, I don’t know.’Inserts: Really? Yeah, right! etc.Prefaces and tags: Spaghetti, I love it. It’s a great movie, this one.Review18342346350352354358Grammar checkAPPENDIX 1Quick checksQUICK CHECK 1 Verb tenses and formsQUICK CHECK 2 Modal verbsQUICK CHECK 3 Linking words360APPENDIX 2Common prepositional phrases365APPENDIX 3Spelling rules366APPENDIX 4British and American English368APPENDIX 5Word lists1 Common adverb adjective collocations2 Noun preposition noun / -ing forms3 Adjective prepositions4 Verb direct object preposition indirect object369369370370371APPENDIX 6Common multi-word verbs372IndexDiagnostic test answersAnswer keyPronunciation table360362366373384385inside back cover67M03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 6720/12/2011 15:14

MODULE4Adjectives and adverbsBefore you start1Review these intermediate grammar points and check you know them.Adjectives1 Adjectives are words which give extra information about nouns. They do not changetheir form to show number or gender:The hero was played by a young boy. Several young girls took the secondary roles.2 Many adjectives are formed from other words:history historic beauty beautiful depend dependent effect effective3 We often use the past (-ed) and present (-ing) participles as adjectives to describe feelingsor emotions.We use the -ing form to describe a feeling that something causes:It was a frightening film. ( It frightened us/made us feel afraid.)We use the -ed form to describe a feeling that someone experiences:I felt frightened when I watched that film. ( I was frightened/experienced fear.)Inanimate objects cannot have feelings so we don’t usually use -ed adjectives aboutfeelings to describe them: The report into police behaviour during the demonstration was rather worried. The report was rather worrying. ( The report made readers feel anxious.)4 We can also combine words to make compound adjectives, e.g. home-made,Spanish-speaking.Adverbs1 Adverbs are words which modify or give extra information about verbs, adjectives, otherwords or whole clauses. Here are some common examples:not formed from other words here just never quite soon still tomorrow too wellfixed phrasesat last kind of of courseformed from other wordsadjective -ly(note spelling)easy easily excitable excitablyreal really tragic tragicallycompoundssome times sometimes2 The most common use of adverbs is to modify adjectives; the adverb usually comesbefore the adjective:I thought his answers were pretty good on the whole.Those cars are terribly expensive.Some adverbs, e.g. really, almost, quite, pretty, can modify another adverb:The French team did quite well in the first round.68M03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 6820/12/2011 15:14

42MODULERead the article and identifyexamples of adjectives and adverbs.the brink’s-mat robberyory took place onThe biggest robbery in British histbroke into the26 November 1983 when six menw Airport, London.throBrink’s-MAT warehouse at Heae tonnes of gold bullion,they stole 3 million in cash and threrobbers poured petroledworth around 26 million. the armatened to set themthreanddsguarover the terrified securitytirelessly, andgangtheuedpursepolicalight. the britishael mcavoymichleaderin 1984 brian robinson and gangreceivingery,robbedarmwere caught and found guilty ofr membersothethe,everhown.prisosentences of 25 years inhasgoldbulk of theof the gang are still at large, and thenever been found.3Complete the diagnostic test below. Choose the correct words in italics. If both options arecorrect, choose both.1 In view of the terrible nature of the crime, the sentence imposed by thejudge was maximum / the maximum sentence was imposed by the judge.2 The involved people / people involved will be caught and severely punished.3 The rich seem / seems to be getting richer and the poor poorer these days.4 They’re selling that Victorian wonderful house / wonderful Victorian houseon the corner.5 Prisoners can be identified by their grey and white / grey whitestriped uniforms.6 In the eighteenth century, the Bastille was the most infamous prisonof / in France.7 The divorce has undoubtedly made him the unhappiest / most unhappyman in the street.8 Our new social security scheme is lots / far more generous than theprevious government’s.9 Getting a made-to-measure suit was not nearly more expensive than /as expensive as I had feared.10 The more frustrated he becomes, angrier / the angrier he gets.11 The flavour is more sweet / sweeter than savoury.12 Maria worked like / as a shop assistant during the university vacation.13 The weather is Greece was more boiling / much hotter than we expected.14 Steve’s sister is absolutely / very intelligent.15 After two months with no rain the grass is almost / slightly dead.16 The result of the election came as so / quite a shock.17 As we descended the hill the car began to go faster / more fast.18 I very carefully opened the old box containing my mother’s photographs. /opened the old box containing my mother’s photographs very carefully.19 I’ve been suffering from insomnia recently. I only slept last night /Last night I only slept for four hours.20 Emotionally, Harriet / Harriet emotionally has always been dependent onher brothers.4 Unit 12.1 Unit 12.3 Unit 12.5 Unit 13.1 Unit 13.2 Unit 14.1 Unit 14.3 Unit 14.5 Unit 15.1 Unit 15.4 Unit 15.5 Unit 15.6 Unit 16.1 Unit 16.2 Unit 16.5 Unit 17.2 Unit 17.3 Unit 18.1 Unit 18.2 Unit 18.5Check your answers on page 384. Then go to the unit for more information and practice.go online for a full diagnostic testM03 MGL OTH GLB 6996 ADV.indd 696920/12/2011 15:14

12 Adjective patternsAfter a spate of vandalism in Spornton,the police have reassured concernedresidents that the persons responsiblewill be caught and punished.1 Adjectives before nouns (attributive position)Most adjectives can be used before a noun (attributive position), or after a linking verb,e.g. be, become, etc. (predicative position):attrIbUtIVe We’ve just seen an exciting film.PreDICatIVe That film was exciting.But classifying adjectives (which describe what type of thing something is) and emphasisingadjectives are normally only used BEFORE a noun: The plant they are building here

Defining: He was the only one to stay on afterwards. Purpose: 248He took a year to travel and see the world. Result: He rushed out, only to realise he’d forgotten his keys. 57 Noun clauses and other noun structures Tell us about what you

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Welcome to MyGrammarLab – a three-level grammar series that teaches and practises grammar through a unique blend of book, online and mobile resources. We recommend that you read this introduction along with the guide on the inside front cover to find out how to get the most out of your course.

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