Federal Aviation Administration NBAA IOC Oceanic

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Federal AviationAdministrationNBAA IOCOceanicOperationsBy: Federal Aviation AdministrationDavid Maloy, OperationsAEA-220 NEXTGen BranchDate: 23 March 2016

So This Is Why They Paint A Centerline NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration2

NAT/HLA27o N17o NNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration3

Question 1Approximately how many times a year does yourcompany conduct a NAT crossing?A. 1-5B. 6-10C. 11-15D. More than 15NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration4

Is this really RVSM?NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration5

Nope, this is.NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration6

NAT Reported Events01 Jan 2007 – 31 Dec 2015Event TypeFrequencyVertical LHD1186Intervention737Time-related320Lateral Deviation 25Nm483Longitudinal Separation Erosion277Lateral GNE ( 25NM)96 2015 – 178 Turnbacks and Diversions 350 reported events in the above categories within or above MNPSACommercial – 312 events - 89%IGA – 33 events - 9%MIL – 5 events – 1.5 %NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration7

Gross Navigation Errors (GNE)GNE defined as 25 nm or more from CLEARED ROUTE– Lateral deviations of 10 nm or more are noted Reclearance – #1 scenario leading to a GNE– Updated LRNS, CFP, Plotting Chart– Independent source to cross check magnetic course anddistance in FMS (e.g. 10 degree longitude tables) Failure of crews to adhere to published procedures bynot conducting proper crosschecks of clearances withinformation in LRNS– Flying the flight plan instead of the CLEARANCENBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration8

GNE’s Common Causes Con’t Failure of crews to manually check accuracy ofwaypoints in FMS by referencing page for expandedcoordinates Special contingency routes 60 N 10 W vs 61 N 10 W Crew is cleared via NAT track but filed coast in point ismissing from the CFPNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration9

Large Height Deviations (LHD)Defined as 300 feet or more from assigned FL Analysis of reported LHD events in the NAT: Approximately half are caused by Turbulence,Autopilot Malfunction or Nuisance TAs The other half attributable to Crew/ATC Actions #1 scenario leading to an LHD is a conditionalclearance (e.g. use of words AT or BY) The NAT currently exceeds the Target Level of Safety(TLS) threshold in the vertical dimension Operational errors are the primary contributorNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration10

Height Deviations Major Operational Causes Failure of crews to climb or descend because of amisinterpretation of clearance Crews fail to change flight level before or at specifiedlongitude Poor R/T phraseology Entry at oceanic boundary at flight planned rather thancleared flight levelNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration11

Erosion of Longitudinal Separation Longitudinal separation– NAT Procedures are minimum of 10 min. in-trail based onassigned mach– ETAs Updated (for voice reporting aircraft)– Master Time Source (i.e. FMS) All NAT providers use automatic ground ATC systemsthat depend on accurate reports of progress– Therefore timely reports are criticalNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration12

Recommendations Pre-Departure Use/develop Oceanic Checklist Confirm accuracy of CFP coordinates against mastersource & compare routing to International Flight Plan Master time source Data base-currency, version Ensure present position coordinates are correctNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration13

Recommendations Pre-Departure Cont. Independent verification – screen to documentDistance/course check & toleranceWX documents-METARs, TAFs, SIG WX, SIGMETsSpecial Use airspace requirements-Nav/Comm,NAT/HLA, RVSM, RNP– ICAO Focus on specific C/N/S requirements– Requirement to verify RNP value in FMS based on moststringent RNP filed on the flight planNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration14

Recommendations Coast Out Navigation accuracy check before leaving groundbased nav aids HF check or Sat Comm– Confusion over the use of SATCOM voice vs HF radio Use caution when crossing more than one oceanic FIR(i.e. Brest and Madrid FIRs)NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration15

Recommendations Cruise Oceanic clearance-mach number/flight level/route –Shanwick Required Comm/Nav/Sur equipment Gross error check-radar fix from ATC Strategic Lateral Offset Procedure (SLOP) – SOP– Centerline, 1NM Right or 2NM Right– ICAO 4444 PANS ATM added offsets in tenths of NM not toexceed 0.5NM Right in reduced lateral separation Transponder – As applicableNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration16

Question 2SLOP should be used in the following area:A. FLEX Tracks such as the NAT OTSB. Published routes between U.S. West Coast andHawaiiC. Random oceanic routesD. All the aboveNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration17

Recommendations Cruise Cont. Ensure position cross checks consistentlyaccomplished Tracking outbound on currently effective ATCclearance - Waypoints-prior, overhead, outbound Use of plotting chart - 10 min. plot ETA tolerance– Update Required for voice reporting aircraft when ETA isin excess of 2 min.NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration18

Contingencies Track offset procedure - - 15 nm– Used for turnbacks or diverts– 500 feet off assigned flight level– Mechanical – Minimized descent rate Weather Deviation– Confusion over 10NM corridor and the need to attemptcontact with ATC if requiring a deviation less than 10NM– Climb or descend 300 feet at 10NM COMMUNICATENBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration19

Oceanic Deviations Recommendations to avoid a deviation– 2 Crewmembers listen and record– Clarify clearance - LRNS, Master CFP, Plotting Chart– Coast In/Coast Out PointNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration20

Recommendations General Establish and follow SOPs Adherence to procedures such as detailed in NAT Ops &Airspace Manual would prevent the majority of GNEs Oceanic Errors Safety Bulletin (OESB) NAT Track Message– 80% of GNEs from Poor Cockpit Procedures Use of current data link guidance material– GOLDNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration21

International Flight Plan CodesItem 10 / Field 10a Field 10b - Surv (D1)A : GBAS Landing SysB : LPV (APV w/SBAS)C : LORAN CD : DMEE1 – E3 : ACARSF : ADFG : GNSSH : HF RadioI : INSJ1 – J7 : CPDLCK : MLSL : ILSM1- M3 : ATC RTF (SATCOM, MTSAT, Iridium)O : VORP1 - P9 : Reserved for RCPR : PBN ApprovedS : Standard equipmentT : TACANU : UHF radioV : VHF radioW : RVSMX : MNPSY : VHF w/ 8.33 kHz spacing capabilityZ : Other Equipment carried or othercapabilitiesField 18 - Other Information (PBN)NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration22

Planned Reductions in Separation Cross Polar– RNP 10 and 50nm lateral separation North Atlantic– 5 min. longitudinal separation (CPDLC, MNPS, ADS-C) Trial started in May 2010– Half degree lateral separation (CPDLC, RNP-4, ADS-C) Trial began 15 Dec. 2015 Special Emphasis Items Bulletin – Check Magnetic Course, Distanceand Expanded Coordinates– Datalink Mandate CPDLC and ADS-C Required on all OTS Tracks FL 350 – FL 390NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration23

NAT Half Degree Lateral Separation Spring 2014 Numerous NAT Errors ARINC 424 Naming Convention– 5040N vs N5040– Some databases use letter H to indicate ½ deg. latitude– Datalink Use per Guidance in GOLD Document Some Operators Use Seven Alphanumeric Characters– Example N50W040 Important to Emphasize Consistent use of NavigationCross Checks– Reduced Lateral Separation Minimum (RLatSM) Bulletin –Special Emphasis ItemsNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration24

Europe Link 2000 Data Link Mandate Delayed until 2020 Link 2000 terminology replaced by ATN B1NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration25

SAFA Ramp Checks Recommend SAFA “Binder” Focused items include:––––Safety equipmentAnnex 1 Personnel LicensingAnnex 6 Operation of Aircraft (applicable part)SMSNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration26

Validations Special Areas of Operation (SAO) request may require:– Table Tops– Validation Flights Guidance in Order 8900.1 POI will Consult Regional SAO SpecialistNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration27

References NAT Doc 007 North Atlantic Operations andAirspace Manual, Edition 2016 Oceanic Errors Safety Bulletin (OESB) Web Sites: ICAO EUR/NAT Europe Skybrary FAA NAT Resource Guide Pacific Resource Guide WATRS/GOMEX/Caribbean Resource GuideNBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration28

NBAA IOC23 March 2016Federal AviationAdministration29

Europe Link 2000 Data Link Mandate Delayed until 2020 Link 2000 terminology replaced by ATN B1. Federal Aviation . Focused items include: –Safety equipment –Annex 1 Personnel Licensing –Annex 6 Operation of Aircraft (applicable part) –SMS. Federal Aviation Administr

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