FLIGHT TRAINING INSTRUCTION
NAVAL AIR TRAINING COMMANDNAS CORPUS CHRISTI, TEXASCNATRA P-806 (Rev. 12-20)FLIGHT TRAININGINSTRUCTIONSNFO VOICE COMMUNICATIONS2020
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVYCHIEF OF NAVAL AIR TRAINING250 LEXINGTON BLVD SUITE 102CORPUS CHRISTI TX 78419-5041CNATRA P-806N7124Dec 20CNATRA P-806 (REV. 12-20)Subj: FLIGHT TRAINING INSTRUCTION, STUDENT NAVAL FLIGHT OFFICER VOICECOMMUNICATIONS1. CNATRA P-806 (Rev. 12-20) PAT, "Flight Training Instruction, SNFO VoiceCommunications" is issued for information, standardization of instruction, and guidance for flightinstructors and Student Naval Flight Officers within the Naval Air Training Command.2. This publication shall be used as an explanatory aid to the Primary and Intermediate Multi Service Navigator Training System Flight curriculum. It will be the authority for the execution ofall flight procedures and maneuvers herein contained.3. Recommendations for changes shall be submitted via the electronic Training Change Request(TCR) form located on the CNATRA website.4. CNATRA P-806 (Rev. 03-11) PAT is hereby cancelled and superseded.,L \-K.H.DELANOBy directionReleasability and distribution:This instruction is cleared for public release and is available electronically only via Chief ofNaval Air Training Issuances Website, https://www.cnatra.navy.mil/pubs-pat-pubs.asp.
FLIGHT TRAINING INSTRUCTIONFORSNFO VOICE COMMUNICATIONSQ–2D–0185/0285iii
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGESDates of issue for original and changed pages are:Original 0 01 Dec 02 (this will be the date issued)Revision 1 05 Apr 04Revision 2 17 Mar 11Revision 3 04 Dec 20TOTAL NUMBER OF PAGES IN THIS PUBLICATION IS 88 CONSISTING OF THE FOLLOWING:Page No.Change No.COVER0LETTER0iii – ix0x (blank)01-1 – 1-1101-12 (blank)02-1 – 2-1702-18 (blank)03-1 – 3-1103-12 blank)04-1 – 4-100A-1 – A-120B-1 – B-30B-4 (blank)0C-1 – C-30C-4 (blank)0D-1 – D-60Page No.ivChange No.
INTERIM CHANGE SUMMARYThe following Changes have been previously incorporated in this manual:CHANGENUMBERREMARKS/PURPOSEThe following interim Changes have been incorporated in this vENTERED BYDATE
FOREWORDCourse ObjectiveTo provide the Student Naval Flight Officer with an understanding of radio communicationprocedures, techniques, and terminology. Mastery of these procedures will prepare students forprimary training flights and lay the foundation for radio voice communication throughout one’smilitary aviation career.How to use this Student GuideThis Student Guide provides the information necessary to augment the instructor presentations.Numerous examples of standard radio communication are provided throughout the text.Appendices are included to summarize procedures concisely. When studying, it may be helpfulfor several students to act together as various controlling agencies utilizing the scripts provided.While setting a foundation for all radio communication, this guide should in no way be thestudent’s sole reference. All the publications listed below under “Reference Material” must bereferenced in conjunction with this FTI.ScopeThis guide introduces the student to the basics of radio communication. As one’s trainingprogresses, these skills will be sharpened over time. While this guide introduces tactical militaryterms in the glossary, it does not illustrate tactical training examples. These skills will bedeveloped in later stages of training.SafetyProper radio communications are paramount for successful and safe ground and flightoperations.Reference Material1.FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)2.FAA Pilot/Controller Glossary3.FAA ATC 7110.65J4.DoD Flight Information Publication – General Planning5.DoD Flight Information Publication – Flight Information Handbook6.COMTRAWING FIVE INSTRUCTION 3710.2(series) – Fixed Wing OperatingProceduresvi
TABLE OF CONTENTSLIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES . ivINTERIM CHANGE SUMMARY.vFOREWORD. viTABLE OF CONTENTS . viiTABLE OF FIGURES . ixCHAPTER ONE - TECHNIQUE AND TERMINOLOGY . 1-1100.INTRODUCTION . 1-1101.COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE . 1-1102.PHONETIC ALPHABET . 1-3103.VERBALIZATION . 1-4104.BASIC COMMUNICATION PROGRESSION. 1-7105.CREW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (CRM) . 1-9106.COMMUNICATION TYPES . 1-9107.MANDATORY READBACK ITEMS. 1-10108.MANDATORY REPORTS . 1-10CHAPTER TWO - FLIGHT COMMUNICATIONS: GROUND PROCEDURES DESCENT. 2-1200.INTRODUCTION . 2-1201.FREQUENCIES . 2-3202.AUTOMATIC TERMINAL INFORMATION SERVICE (ATIS) . 2-3203.CLEARANCE DELIVERY. 2-5204.RECEIVING YOUR CLEARANCE . 2-6205.BASE . 2-8206.GROUND CONTROL. 2-9207.TAXIING . 2-10208.BASE . 2-10209.TOWER . 2-10210.DEPARTURE CONTROL . 2-12211.AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER (ARTCC) . 2-14212.DESCENT. 2-16213.LAND AND HOLD SHORT OPERATIONS (LAHSO) . 2-16CHAPTER THREE - TERMINAL COMMUNICATIONS . 3-1300.INTRODUCTION . 3-1301.APPROACH REQUESTS . 3-1302.LANDING INTENTIONS. 3-2303.TYPES OF INSTRUMENT APPROACHES . 3-2304.RECEIVING YOUR APPROACH CLEARANCE . 3-6305.CONTACTING TOWER – THE FOUR “WS” . 3-8306.LANDING CLEARANCE . 3-9307.EXITING THE RUNWAY. 3-10308.GROUND . 3-11309.BASE . 3-11vii
CHAPTER FOUR - SPECIAL SITUATIONS . 4-1400.INTRODUCTION . 4-1401.NON-RADAR ENVIRONMENT . 4-1402.FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS . 4-2403.REQUESTING FREQUENCY CHANGES . 4-2404.HOLDING . 4-3405.REQUESTING ALTITUDE CHANGES . 4-3406.REQUESTING FLIGHT ROUTE AND/OR DESTINATION CHANGES . 4-3407.COMPOSITE CLEARANCE / LOW-LEVEL REPORTING . 4-4408.VFR TO IFR PICKUP . 4-5409.PILOT TO METRO SERVICE . 4-6410.PILOT WEATHER REPORTS (PIREP) . 4-8411.NORDO PROCEDURE. 4-8412.MALFUNCTIONS . 4-8413.MINIMUM FUEL AND EMERGENCY FUEL . 4-9414.DECLARING EMERGENCIES . 4-9415.EMERGENCY VOICE REPORTS . 4-10APPENDIX A - GLOSSARY . A-1A100. INTRODUCTION . A-1A101. CIVILIAN TERMS . A-1A102. MILITARY TERMS . A-10APPENDIX B - FAMILIARIZATION COMMUNICATIONS .B-1B100. VFR ARRIVAL .B-1APPENDIX C - INSTRUMENT COMMUNICATIONS . C-1APPENDIX D - INSTRUMENT COMMUNICATIONS/PAR APPROACH . D-1viii
TABLE OF FIGURESFigure 1-1Figure 1-2Radio Reception Range . 1-2Phonetic Alphabet/Morse Code . 1-3Figure 2-1Figure 2-2Figure 2-3Figure 2-4Figure 2-5Figure 2-6Figure 2-7IFR Supplement . 2-2Approach Plate . 2-2Flight Log #1 . 2-7Flight Log #2 . 2-8ARTCC Boundaries . 2-15Jacksonville Center . 2-15Low Enroute Chart . 2-16Figure 3-1Figure 3-2VOR or TACAN A KMOB . 3-3GPS 33 KMOB . 3-4Figure 4-1Figure 4-2Figure 4-3Position Reports . 4-1Change of Flight Plan . 4-4Pilot to Metro Stations . 4-7Figure B-1Course Rules .B-2ix
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CHAPTER ONETECHNIQUE AND TERMINOLOGY100. INTRODUCTIONWelcome to the world of radio voice communications. This instruction presents a foundation forradio procedures and terminology that will be used throughout one’s military aviation career.The overarching goal of radio communications is effective communication. Attributes ofeffective communication are clarity and conciseness.Voice communications are a critical link in the air traffic control (ATC) system; however, failureto communicate effectively can break the link and bring disastrous results. Controlling agenciesand aircrew must have a mutual understanding of each other’s message. Although brevity is afundamental part of military communications, it may not always be adequate; therefore, usewhatever words are necessary to get your message across. It is common to experience frustrationwith the use of this new language, but with experience, it will become second nature.101. COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUEThere are several things to consider when using aircraft radios.1.First, pause and listen before you transmit. This is especially important after switchingradio frequencies. If you hear others talking, listen to their conversation and transmit only aftertheir communication is completed. If you transmit before their communication is complete, itwill disrupt the communication and/or jam the frequency with two transmissions at once, thusrequiring the communication to be repeated. This situation is referred to as “stepping on” or“blocking.”2.Think before talking. In other words, know what you are going to say before keying thetransmitter. Take one or two seconds to get your thoughts in order before transmitting. Thisshould help prevent stuttering or forgetting what you wanted to say after keying the transmitter.3.After your initial call, be patient for the controlling agency to respond. Give the controllera few seconds before calling again. The controller may be jotting down your call sign, lookingfor your flight plan, or listening on a different frequency.4.If responding to a call from ATC, be sure to respond in a timely manner. ATC expects youto respond within a second or two, just like a normal conversation. When receiving clearances,frequencies, or other directive ATC calls, it is advisable to first repeat the information back to thecontroller and then write it down.5.To avoid missing ATC radio calls, a technique that works well in the aircraft is to stop ICScommunication when a controller or other aircrew talks on the radio. Initially, this is challengingbut it becomes easier with practice.TECHNIQUE AND TERMINOLOGY1-1
CHAPTER ONESNFO VOICE COMMUNICATIONS6.Be alert to the sounds or lack of sounds in your receiver. If it sounds unusually quiet afterhaving been on a frequency for a while, check your volume and frequency setting. Check yourequipment to ensure that your microphone is not stuck in the transmit position. Frequencyblockage can occur for extended periods of time because of unintentional transmitter operation.This situation is referred to as a “stuck mic.”7.Be sure you are within the performance range of station equipment. VHF and UHF radiosare limited to “line-of-sight.” Remember, as altitude increases, radio range increases. Use thechart in Figure 1-1 to approximate radio range.Figure 1-1 Radio Reception Range8.Know what to expect. As you progress through each flight, it becomes easier to predict therequired communication. Knowing what information to convey to ATC will result in smootherand more concise communications.9.Use proper formats and terminology to assist you in making brief and concisetransmissions. Good phraseology enhances safety and is a mark of a true professional.Knowledge of the FAA Pilot/Controller Glossary in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM)is a cornerstone to effective communication.10. It is essential to keep transmissions as brief as possible. With that in mind, you will comeacross many phrases that convey no specific meaning or are redundant. Your goal is to nevertake up any extra transmission time. Here are a few examples of undesirable phrases to use onthe radios.1-2a.“Airborne”b.“With You”c.“Checking in”TECHNIQUE AND TERMINOLOGY
SNFO VOICE COMMUNICATIONSd.“Roger THAT ”e.“ feet ” (of altitude)f.“gear in transit”CHAPTER ONE102. PHONETIC ALPHABETThe International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) phonetic alphabet (Figure 1-2) is used toclarify communication. If control agencies have difficulty in understanding aircraft call signsduring initial check in calls, aircrew can use the phonetic alphabet to spell out the call sign.Additionally, use the phonetic equivalents for single letters and to spell out groups of letters ordifficult words during adverse communications conditions. When referring to NAVAIDs orairfields, it is recommended to use either the name of the facility or the phonetic spelling of theidentifier. For example, the VORTAC at Mobile Downtown airport should be called “Brookley”or “Bravo Foxtrot Mike” instead of “BFM.”Radio communications have progressed to the point that numbers can be pronounced as youwould in normal conversation. However, if you are transmitting on a garbled or static filledfrequency, the numeral pronunciations in Figure 1-2 may clarify communication.Figure 1-2 Phonetic Alphabet/Morse CodeTECHNIQUE AND TERMINOLOGY1-3
CHAPTER ONESNFO VOICE COMMUNICATIONS103. VERBALIZATION1.Call Signsa.Controller Call SignsUse the full name of the station on initial contactExample:“SHERMAN CLEARANCE”“MOBILE GROUND”“ATLANTA CENTER”b.Aircraft Call SignsAnnunciate each digit of your call signExample:KATT 14“KATT ONE FOUR”NOTEThroughout this instruction, numerous examples are presented thatdetail radio communications exactly as they are to be annunciated.The exception to this is aircraft call signs. Because of thenumerous examples in this instruction, aircraft call signs have beenleft as “KATT 14, etc.; however, they shall still be spoken as“KATT ONE FOUR,” etc.Improper or abbreviated aircraft call signs can result in aircrews executing a clearance intendedfor another aircraft. You must be certain that aircraft identification is complete and clear beforeacting on an ATC clearance. At NAS Pensacola, beware of similar call signs. Many times, acontroller will tell you that an aircraft with a similar call sign is on your frequency.Example:CONTROLLER:1-4“KATT 14, be advised KATT 24 is on the samefrequency.”TECHNIQUE AND TERMINOLOGY
SNFO VOICE COMMUNICATIONS2.CHAPTER ONETimeFAA uses Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) or “Zulu” time for all operations. The word“local” shall be used to denote when local time is used during radio and communications. Timemay be stated in minutes only (two figures) when no misunderstanding is likely to occur.3.Figuresa.Numbers indicating hundreds and thousands in round numbers up to 9999 shall bespoken as follows:Example:b.500“FIVE HUNDRED”4500“FOUR THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED”
Proper radio communications are paramount for successful and safe ground and flight operations. Reference Material 1. FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) 2. FAA Pilot/Controller Glossary 3. FAA ATC 7110.65J 4. DoD Flight Information Publication – General Planning 5. DoD Flight Information Publ
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